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暑假天气热？在家里学北京名师课程，
& Supposeyouarereadingabook.Supp...阅读答案
阅读理解 A &&& Suppose you are reading a book. Suppose, too, you suddenly close your eyes. Can you still see the book? “Of course not,” you will say. But can you tell why? You would probably say, “When I close my eyes, my eyesight cannot get out of my eyes to get to the book.” But this explanation is wrong. 　　You cannot see any object unless light from that object gets into your eyes. Some of the things you see give off light of their own. The sun, the stars, a lighted lamp are examlpes that can be seen by their own light. Such things are luminous. Most of the things you see are not giving off light of their own. They are simply reflecting（反射的）light that falls on them from the sun or some other luminous body. The moon, for example, does not give off any light of its own. It is nonluminous. You see it because sunlight falls on it and some of it reflects in your direction. So moonlight is only secondhand sunlight. 　　When you look at a book, it sends to your eyes some of the light which falls on it, and you see the book. If light could be kept out from where you are so that there would be no light for the book to reflect, then you could not see the book even with your eyes wide open. 　　Light travels so fast that the time in which it travels from the book you are reading to your eyes is so short as if there were no time at all. Light reaches us from the moon, which is about 380, 000 kilometres away, in only a little more than a second. 　　56．You can not see the book when you close your eyes, because________. 　　A. your eyes are too close to it 　　B. closed eyes are out of sight 　　C. your eyesight cannot get to it 　　D. the light from it cannot get into your eyes 　　57．The word “luminous” means________ . 　　A. visible&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. lighted 　　C. giving off light&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. sunlight 　58．Light travels about ________ kilometres per second. 　　A. 380,000&&&& B. 300,000&&&& C. 400,000&&&& D. 190,000 　　59．Which of the following is TRUE? ________. 　　A. All the things you can see give off light. 　　B. Light from the book is much shorter than that from the moon. 　　C. The moment you open your eyes the light from the book travels to your eyes. D. Light travels so fast that there is no time for you to read. B && I was shopping in the supermarket when I heard a young voice. && “Mom，come here！There's a lady of my size！” && The mother rushed to her son；then she turned to me to apologize. && I smiled and told her，“It's okay.”Then I talked to the boy，“Hi，I'm Darry Kramer.How are you？” && He studied me from head to toe，and asked，“Are you a little mommy？” && “Yes，I have a son，”I answered. && “Why are you so little？”he asked. && “It's the way I was born，”I said.“Some people are little.Some are tall.I'm just not going to grow any bigger.”After I answered his other questions，I shook the boy's hand and left. && My life as a little person is filled with stories like that.I enjoy talking to children and explaining why I look different from their parents. && It takes only one glance to see my uniqueness.I stand three feet nine inches tall.I was born an achondroplasia dwarf(侏儒)．Despite this，I did all the things other kids did when I was growing up. && I didn't realize how short I was until I started school.Some kids picked on me，calling me names.Then I knew.I began to hate the first day of school each year.New students would always stare at me as I struggled to climb the school bus stairs. && But I learned to smile and accept the fact that I was going to be noticed my whole life.I decided to make my uniqueness an advantage rather than a disadvantage.What I lacked in height，I made up for in personality. && I'm 47 now，and the stares have not diminished as I've grown older.People are amazed when they see me driving.I try to keep a good attitude.When people are rude，I remind myself，“Look what else I have－a great family，nice friends.” && It's the children's questions that make my life special.I enjoy answering their questions.My hope is that I will encourage them to accept their peers(a person of the same age，class，position，etc.)，whatever size and shape they come in，and treat them with respect. &&&&&& 60．Why did the mother apologize to the author? &&&&&& A．Because the boy ran into the author. &&&&&& B．Because the boy laughed at the author. &&&&&& C．Because the boy said the author was fatter than him. &&&&&& D．Because the mother thought the boy's words had hurt the author. &&&&&& 61．When did the author realize that she was too short? &&&&&& A．When she grew up. &&&&&& B．When she was 47 years old. &&&&&& C．When she began to go to school. &&&&&& D．When she met the boy in the supermarket. 62．Which of the following word can best replace the underlined word“diminished”？ &&&&&& A．Dismissed.&&&&&& B．Increased. &&&&&& C．Decreased.&&&&&& D．Discriminated. &&&&&& 63．How does the author feel about people's stares? &&&&&& A．Angry.&&&& &&&&&& B．Calm.&&&&&& &&&&&& C．Painful.&&& &&&&&& D．Discouraged. C Canada is one of the few nations in the world to have two official languages：English and French.There are 10 provinces in the country but only one of these—Quebec is known as“French Canada”.This is because it was founded by French explorers while British adventures discovered the rest.? Canada left the British empire(帝国） in 1867 to become an independent country,and English and French have been recognized as the official languages ever since.? Most people speak English as their first language and the two national television networks broadcast in English throughout the country.Apart from in Quebec and a few places on the east coast,French television is very rare. The same goes for traffic signs and menus,for example.Outside of Quebec,there are only a few places where you’ll see traffic signs in French.In restaurants,it’s almost impossible to find French on the menu unless you are in the heartland(中心地带）of French Canada.However,all products sold in Canada must,by law,have labels(标签）and instructions in both languages.? In Canada’s English speaking provinces,official bilingualism(双语）means that students can choose to complete a special French language course.Under this programme,they are taught most of their subjects in French. If a student begins the course in kindergarten(幼儿园）or Grade One,it is likely that all their lessons will be in French.However,if they start at junior high school,25 per cent of the teaching will continue to be in English. 64.How many provinces are there in Canada?? A.Ten.&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& B.Nine.&& &&&&&& &&&&&& C.Eleven.&&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& D.Two.? 65.Which country controlled Canada before its independence?? A.France.&&&&&& &&&&&& B. Britain.&&&&& &&&&&& C.America.&&&& &&&&&& D.Germany.? 66.Which of the following sentences is right?? A.English is the only official language,though French is also spoken there.? B.The two national television networks broadcast both in English and French.? C.All products sold in Canada must,by law,have labels and instructions in both English and French.? D.The lessons in kindergarten or Grade One are likely to be only in English. D &&& English is fast becoming the language of science around the world, but what is its future among everyday speakers? One expert points out that the percentage(比率) of native English speakers is declining(降低) globally while the languages of other rapidly growing regions are being spoken by increasing numbers of people. But English will continue to remain widespread and important. & && However, British language scholar David Graddol says English will probably drop in dominance(主导) by the middle of this century to rank, after Chinese, about equally with Arabic, Hindi, and Urdu. “The number of people speaking English as a first language continues to rise, but it isn’t rising nearly as fast as the numbers of many other languages around the world, simply because the main population group has been largely in the less developed countries where languages other than English have been spoken,” he says.& && In a recent article in the journal Science, Mr. Graddol noted that three languages that are not near the top of the list of the most widely spoken now might be there soon. These are Bengali, Tamil, and Malay, spoken in south and southeast Asia. & && David Crystal, the author of the Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, says about 1.5 billion of the world’s six billion people speak it as a second tongue compared to the 400 million native speakers. But another expert on the English language says Mr. Graddol underestimates (低估) the future of its dominance. “Nobody quite knows what’s going to happen because no language has been in this position before. But all the evidence (证据) suggests that the English language snowball is rolling down a hill and is getting faster,” he said. & 67. In David Graddol’ s opinion, English will _______.& &&&& A. remain widespread and important&&&&&
B. be more important than any other language& &&&& C. lose its dominant position&&&& &&&&&&& D. die away in the near future& 68. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph implies that ______.& &&&& A. snowballs will roll down faster than language balls& &&&& B. the English language snowball is rolling down faster than any time in the past& &&&& C. English language will soon drop in dominance& &&&& D. more and more language users will choose English& 69. How many experts does the passage mention who express their ideas about the future of English?& &&&& A. 2.&&&& && &&&B. 3.&&& && C. 4.&&&& &&&& D. 5.&&&
70. What should be the best title for the passage?& &&&& A. English Remaining the Dominant Position&&&&
B. The Future of English? Who Knows?& &&&& C. Opinions from Different Experts&&&& &&& D. The English Language Snowball Rolling Down& E&
& &In many parts of the world, cars play an important role in daily life and many societies would not exist without them. So the idea that in 20 years’ time, no one will own cars may be hard to believe. But this is the prediction made by a team of transport researchers who are taken seriously, not only by government but also by car manufacturers. && The Human Science and Advanced Technology Institute at Loughborough in the UK is part of an international research program. The team there believes that by 2020 all cars will be computerized, which will mean much saving, no accidents and better use of roads. The super-intelligent car of the 21st century will drive itself, and it will not be owned by one individual. Instead, we will have a choice of cars and change them as frequently as we change our clothing. && According to Dr. David Davis , who leads the research team, these predictions are based on the rising cost of the car culture, which had blocked up our cities, polluted our air , and caused more deaths than both world wars put together. && Davis says, cars will be fitted with some intelligent devices to regulate the distance between one car and another. The car will automatically speed up, or slow down, to match the speed of the car in front. Computers are much safer drivers than people, so cars in a road train will be able to drive much closer together than cars driven by people. By 2010, Dr. David Davis believes, car technology will give motorists a clear view of the road, whatever the weather conditions, by projecting an image of the road ahead on to the car’s windscreen. And by 2020, cars will travel in convoy, linked to each other electronically. Cars will be connected by an electronic tow bar to the car in front to form “road –trains”. “The front vehicle in such a train burns the normal amount.” says Davis. “But all the others in the train would burn about ten percent of the normal amount, and so produce about ten percent of the pollution.” 71.We know from the passage that governments and car manufacturers _______ A. do not believe the prediction that no one will own cars by 2020 B. are devoted to the technological revolution in car industry C. consider the predictions seriously D. have put the super-intelligent car into mass production 72. Which of the following will be the characteristic of the cars of 2020? The car will speed up out of control We will own as many cars as we want
All cars will be driven by computers Cars will produce more pollution than present ones 73. The leader of the research team believes that the present car culture will change because_________ cars play a very important role in daily life many societies would stop functioning without cars cars should not be owned by one individual it causes many deaths to human society 74.The expression closest in meaning to the phrase “in convoy” in the last paragraph is________ A. in line&&&&&&& B. sidelong&&&& C. side by side&&&&& D. shoulder to shoulder 75. What will happen if cars are joined to each other electronically in 2020? Motorists will get a clear view of the road The weather condition will not have effect on motorists There will be less pollution caused by car All trains will burn less fuel than present
阅读理解列表
来源：2011届广东汕头高三四校联考语文试卷
题型：现代文阅读
阅读下面文字.完成下面小题 马王堆帛画的主题我国有史记载的毛笔绘画当开始于秦汉.但经过历代战乱.地面上的秦汉绘画已所存不多.考古学家们从1949年到1974年.在楚地相继发掘出十多幅帛画.其中马王堆1号.3号墓内覆盖在棺椁上的“T 型帛画形状独特.寓意深邃.艺术价值最高.是世界上最珍贵的艺术品之一.引起了许多专家对帛画之谜的解释.全国所有涉及中国最早绘画内容的教科书及近年出版的权威书籍.都断定帛画的主题思想就是“引魂升天 .对此.本人持不同见解.汉镇墓文中有“上天苍苍.地下茫茫,死人归阴.生人归阳,生人有里.死人有乡 之语.可见天为阳.地为阴.鬼为阴类.阴间不可能位于属阳的“上天 .只能在属阴的茫茫地下--幽冥.中国古代“引魂升天 说是东汉以后的事.那时受佛教.伊斯兰教.基督教.犹太教的影响.认为人死后可升天堂享乐.也可下地狱受苦,佛教认为修行积德者在死后可以前往西天极乐世界.解脱轮回之苦.修建于西汉初的马王堆汉墓尚未受到这些观念的影响.不可能改下阴间为“升天 .另外.从已发现的楚国文献资料看.楚国没有灵魂升天的习俗.中写道:“魂兮归来.君无上天些①.虎豹九关.啄害下人些.一夫九首.拔木九千些.-- 说明楚人甚至忌惮于灵魂上天.现在国内主要有关书籍中几乎都认为长沙陈家大山出土的和长沙子弹库出土的都是灵魂升天图.认为“两者画面结构虽有差异.但皆表现墓主在神化动物导引下飞翔升腾 .从而成为西汉帛画“引魂升天 的历史依据.但仔细观察两幅帛画.子弹库出土帛画男性墓主乘的不是飞龙而是一般龙舟,陈家大山出土帛画的女性墓主乘的是如一弯新月的独木舟.龙舟在楚地战国时已普遍流行.如屈原投江死后.人们为怀念他.用龙舟为他招魂并投抛粽子使水族勿食其肉.此风俗沿袭至今.过去都认为画中龙舟下云纹状图案为“云彩 .其实为龙舟下的水波纹.龙舟前部下面还有一条游鱼.两幅战国帛画的墓主人都乘坐舟船的原因是:当时的人无法理解生老病死自然法则.虔诚地设计了种种宗教活动.尽量确立一种能自圆其说的宗教信仰.不仅在中国.世界许多古老民族都认为阳间与阴间有一水相隔.即人们常说的“阴阳界 .对于死者如何到阴间的途径.各民族有着多种说法.但有极大的共性.认为死后鬼魂要顺利进入阴间.就必须经过一条水域.如不能横渡这片水域.死者阴魂就要在阳间游荡.成为孤魂野鬼.所以.古希腊丧葬时要在死者口中放一枚小钱作为渡资,从唐代到清代.皇帝死后口中含一颗宝珠.可让死者鬼魂进入冥间得以照明.古葬礼中往往有死者灵魂上阴间之路的仪式.两幅战国帛所画当是该仪式的一部分.以祈求墓主横渡阴阳河一路顺风.众多书籍都认为“升天 是死者的最高境界.于是把马王堆帛画中那复杂诡异的画面内容都牵强到“引魂升天 这一笼统而无证据的说法中去.帛画包括神话世界中的天上.人间.地下三部分.实际就是汉代先民想象中的宇宙空间.画工着意突出墓主在人间层上的中心位置.天上.地下诸神的青睐和关照.反映出墓主强烈的支配欲.实际上.这一“宇宙空间 是为了给阴间的墓主提供一个如生前那样舒适的生活空间.注:①些:音suò.句末语气词.只出现在中.大约是古代楚地的方言. 1.下列理解符合原文意思的两项是 A．汉镇墓文中有“天为阳.地为阴 之语.鬼为阴类.不可能位于上天.只能位于阴间的“幽冥 . B．为怀念屈原.人们用划龙舟和抛粽子的方式使水族勿食其肉.这一行为沿袭至今.成为风俗. C．两幅战国帛画所画墓主人乘坐舟船.正是古代葬礼中送亡灵上阴间之路整个仪式的生动再现. D．不单单是中国.世界上许多古老的民族都有类似“阴阳界 的文化信仰. E．马王堆帛画中那复杂诡异的画面内容都牵强到“引魂升天 这一说法笼统而且没有证据. 2.根据本文提供的信息.下列说法符合文意的一项是 A．专家们长期以来对帛画中的舟船.水波.游鱼等内容失察.可见他们是在以先入为主的思维方式解说画面内容. B．现在国内有关帛画的主要书籍都认为和是灵魂升天图.呈现了“墓主在神化动物导引下飞翔升腾 的场景. C．汉代先民想象中的宇宙空间包括神话世界中的天上.人间.地下三部分.帛画中的墓主居于人间层上的中心位置.表现了墓主的支配欲. D．本文的观点.代表了汉代帛画主题思想研究的最新成果.作者倡导的科学.务实的科研精神具有重要意义. 3.纵观全文.作者在否定“引魂升天 这一主题时用了哪些证据?请分点概括. 4.作者认为马王堆帛画原本的共同主题是什么?请简要回答.
来源：2013届广东省实验学校高二6月月考语文卷（解析版）
题型：现代文阅读
阅读下面文字.完成小题 马王堆帛画的主题 我国有史记载的毛笔绘画当开始于秦汉.但经过历代战乱.地面上的秦汉绘画已所存不多.考古学家们从1949年到1974年.在楚地相继发掘出十多幅帛画.其中马王堆1号.3号墓内覆盖在棺椁上的“T 型帛画形状独特.寓意深邃.艺术价值最高.是世界上最珍贵的艺术品之一.引起了许多专家对帛画之谜的解释.全国所有涉及中国最早绘画内容的教科书及近年出版的权威书籍.都断定帛画的主题思想就是“引魂升天 .对此.本人持不同见解. 汉镇墓文中有“上天苍苍.地下茫茫,死人归阴.生人归阳,生人有里.死人有乡 之语.可见天为阳.地为阴.鬼为阴类.阴间不可能位于属阳的“上天 .只能在属阴的茫茫地下--幽冥.中国古代“引魂升天 说是东汉以后的事.那时受佛教.伊斯兰教.基督教.犹太教的影响.认为人死后可升天堂享乐.也可下地狱受苦,佛教认为修行积德者在死后可以前往西天极乐世界.解脱轮回之苦.修建于西汉初的马王堆汉墓尚未受到这些观念的影响.不可能改下阴间为“升天 .另外.从已发现的楚国文献资料看.楚国没有灵魂升天的习俗.中写道:“魂兮归来.君无上天些①.虎豹九关.啄害下人些.一夫九首.拔木九千些.-- 说明楚人甚至忌惮于灵魂上天. 现在国内主要有关书籍中几乎都认为长沙陈家大山出土的和长沙子弹库出土的都是灵魂升天图.认为“两者画面结构虽有差异.但皆表现墓主在神化动物导引下飞翔升腾 .从而成为西汉帛画“引魂升天 的历史依据.但仔细观察两幅帛画.子弹库出土帛画男性墓主乘的不是飞龙而是一般龙舟,陈家大山出土帛画的女性墓主乘的是如一弯新月的独木舟.龙舟在楚地战国时已普遍流行.如屈原投江死后.人们为怀念他.用龙舟为他招魂并投抛粽子使水族勿食其肉.此风俗沿袭至今.过去都认为画中龙舟下云纹状图案为“云彩 .其实为龙舟下的水波纹.龙舟前部下面还有一条游鱼.两幅战国帛画的墓主人都乘坐舟船的原因是:当时的人无法理解生老病死自然法则.虔诚地设计了种种宗教活动.尽量确立一种能自圆其说的宗教信仰.不仅在中国.世界许多古老民族都认为阳间与阴间有一水相隔.即人们常说的“阴阳界 .对于死者如何到阴间的途径.各民族有着多种说法.但有极大的共性.认为死后鬼魂要顺利进入阴间.就必须经过一条水域.如不能横渡这片水域.死者阴魂就要在阳间游荡.成为孤魂野鬼.所以.古希腊丧葬时要在死者口中放一枚小钱作为渡资,从唐代到清代.皇帝死后口中含一颗宝珠.可让死者鬼魂进入冥间得以照明.古葬礼中往往有死者灵魂上阴间之路的仪式.两幅战国帛所画当是该仪式的一部分.以祈求墓主横渡阴阳河一路顺风. 众多书籍都认为“升天 是死者的最高境界.于是把马王堆帛画中那复杂诡异的画面内容都牵强到“引魂升天 这一笼统而无证据的说法中去.帛画包括神话世界中的天上.人间.地下三部分.实际就是汉代先民想象中的宇宙空间.画工着意突出墓主在人间层上的中心位置.天上.地下诸神的青睐和关照.反映出墓主强烈的支配欲.实际上.这一“宇宙空间 是为了给阴间的墓主提供一个如生前那样舒适的生活空间. 注:①些:音suò.句末语气词.只出现在中.大约是古代楚地的方言. 1.下列理解符合原文意思的两项是 A．汉镇墓文中有“天为阳.地为阴 之语.鬼为阴类.不可能位于上天.只能位于阴间的“幽冥 . B．为怀念屈原.人们用划龙舟和抛粽子的方式使水族勿食其肉.这一行为沿袭至今.成为风俗. C．两幅战国帛画所画墓主人乘坐舟船.正是古代葬礼中送亡灵上阴间之路整个仪式的生动再现. D．不单单是中国.世界上许多古老的民族都有类似“阴阳界 的文化信仰. E．马王堆帛画中那复杂诡异的画面内容都牵强到“引魂升天 这一说法笼统而且没有证据. 2.根据本文提供的信息.下列说法符合文意的一项是 A．专家们长期以来对帛画中的舟船.水波.游鱼等内容失察.可见他们是在以先入为主的思维方式解说画面内容. B．现在国内有关帛画的主要书籍都认为和是灵魂升天图.呈现了“墓主在神化动物导引下飞翔升腾 的场景. C．汉代先民想象中的宇宙空间包括神话世界中的天上.人间.地下三部分.帛画中的墓主居于人间层上的中心位置.表现了墓主的支配欲. D．本文的观点.代表了汉代帛画主题思想研究的最新成果.作者倡导的科学.务实的科研精神具有重要意义. 3.纵观全文.作者在否定“引魂升天 这一主题时用了哪些证据?请分点概括. 4.作者认为马王堆帛画原本的共同主题是什么?请简要回答.
题型：阅读理解
阅读下面的文字.完成5―7题. 马王堆帛画的主题我国有史记载的毛笔绘画当开始于秦汉.但经过历代战乱.地面上的秦汉绘画已所存不多.考古学家们从1949年到1974年.在楚地相继发掘出十多幅帛画.其中马王堆1号.3号墓内覆盖在棺椁上的“T 型帛画形状独特.寓意深邃.艺术价值最高.是世界上最珍贵的艺术品之一.引起了许多专家对帛画之谜的解释.全国所有涉及中国最早绘画内容的教科书及近年出版的权威书籍.都断定帛画的主题思想就是“引魂升天 .对此.本人持不同见解.汉镇墓文中有“上天苍苍.地下茫茫,死人归阴.生人归阳,生人有里.死人有乡 之语.可见天为阳.地为阴.鬼为阴类.阴间不可能位于属阳的“上天 .只能在属阴的茫茫地下――幽冥.中国古代“引魂升天 说是东汉以后的事.那时受佛教.伊斯兰教.基督教.犹太教的影响.认为人死后可升天堂享乐.也可下地狱受苦,佛教认为修行积德者在死后可以前往西天极乐世界.解脱轮回之苦.修建于西汉初的马王堆汉墓尚未受到这些观念的影响.不可能改下阴间为“升天 .另外.从已发现的楚国文献资料看.楚国没有灵魂升天的习俗.中写道:“魂兮归来.君无上天些①.虎豹九关.啄害下人些.一夫九首.拔木九千些.-- 说明楚人甚至忌惮于灵魂上天.现在国内主要有关书籍中几乎都认为长沙陈家大山出土的和长沙子弹库出土的都是灵魂升天图.认为“两者画面结构虽有差异.但皆表现墓主在神化动物导引下飞翔升腾 .从而成为西汉帛画“引魂升天 的历史依据.但仔细观察两幅帛画.子弹库出土帛画男性墓主乘的不是飞龙而是一般龙舟,陈家大山出土帛画的女性墓主乘的是如一弯新月的独木舟.龙舟在楚地战国时已普遍流行.如屈原投江死后.人们为怀念他.用龙舟为他招魂并投抛粽子使水族勿食其肉.此风俗沿袭至今.过去都认为画中龙舟下云纹状图案为“云彩 .其实为龙舟下的水波纹.龙舟前部下面还有一条游鱼.两幅战国帛画的墓主人都乘坐舟船的原因是:当时的人无法理解生老病死自然法则.虔诚地设计了种种宗教活动.尽量确立一种能自圆其说的宗教信仰.不仅在中国.世界许多古老民族都认为阳间与阴间有一水相隔.即人们常说的“阴阳界 .对于死者如何到阴间的途径.各民族有着多种说法.但有极大的共性.认为死后鬼魂要顺利进入阴间.就必须经过一条水域.如不能横渡这片水域.死者阴魂就要在阳间游荡.成为孤魂野鬼.所以.古希腊丧葬时要在死者口中放一枚小钱作为渡资,从唐代到清代.皇帝死后口中含一颗宝珠.可让死者鬼魂进入冥间得以照明.古葬礼中往往有死者灵魂上阴间之路的仪式.两幅战国帛所画当是该仪式的一部分.以祈求墓主横渡阴阳河一路顺风.众多书籍都认为“升天 是死者的最高境界.于是把马王堆帛画中那复杂诡异的画面内容都牵强到“引魂升天 这一笼统而无证据的说法中去.帛画包括神话世界中的天上.人间.地下三部分.实际就是汉代先民想象中的宇宙空间.画工着意突出墓主在人间层上的中心位置.天上.地下诸神的青睐和关照.反映出墓主强烈的支配欲.实际上.这一“宇宙空间 是为了给阴间的墓主提供一个如生前那样舒适的生活空间.注:①些:音suò.句末语气词.只出现在中.大约是古代楚地的方言.5．下列理解符合原文意思的一项是A．汉镇墓文中有“天为阳.地为阴 之语.鬼为阴类.不可能位于上天.只能位于阴间的“幽冥 .B．为怀念屈原.人们用划龙舟和抛粽子的方式使水族勿食其肉.这一行为沿袭至今.成为风俗.C．两幅战国帛画所画墓主人乘坐舟船.正是古代葬礼中送亡灵上阴间之路整个仪式的生动再现.D．不单单是中国.世界上许多古老的民族都有类似“阴阳界 的文化信仰.6．以下不属于作者否定“引魂升天 这一主题时所用证据的一项是A．汉镇墓文和的诗句说明.按照当时的习俗.人死后“鬼魂 不会前往“上天 .B．佛教认为修行积德者在死后可以前往西天极乐世界是东汉以后才有的事.马王堆墓主不可能有这种观念.C．升天者应该骑着能飞行的神化动物.战国帛画中墓主乘坐的舟船和水波纹.游鱼的形象说明墓主并非升天飞行.D．古希腊死者口中放小钱和中国皇帝死后口中含宝珠.都是为鬼魂进入冥间而并非上天所用.7．根据本文提供的信息.下列说法符合文意的一项是 A．专家们长期以来对帛画中的舟船.水波.游鱼等内容失察.可见他们是在以先入为主的思维方式解说画面内容.B．汉代先民想象中的宇宙空间包括神话世界中的天上.人间.地下三部分.帛画中的墓主居于人间层上的中心位置.表现了墓主的支配欲.C．现在国内有关帛画的主要书籍都认为和是灵魂升天图.呈现了“墓主在神化动物导引下飞翔升腾 的场景.D．本文的观点.代表了汉代帛画主题思想研究的最新成果.作者倡导的科学.务实的科研精神具有重要意义.
题型：阅读理解
阅读下面文字.完成下面小题 马王堆帛画的主题我国有史记载的毛笔绘画当开始于秦汉.但经过历代战乱.地面上的秦汉绘画已所存不多.考古学家们从1949年到1974年.在楚地相继发掘出十多幅帛画.其中马王堆1号.3号墓内覆盖在棺椁上的“T 型帛画形状独特.寓意深邃.艺术价值最高.是世界上最珍贵的艺术品之一.引起了许多专家对帛画之谜的解释.全国所有涉及中国最早绘画内容的教科书及近年出版的权威书籍.都断定帛画的主题思想就是“引魂升天 .对此.本人持不同见解.汉镇墓文中有“上天苍苍.地下茫茫,死人归阴.生人归阳,生人有里.死人有乡 之语.可见天为阳.地为阴.鬼为阴类.阴间不可能位于属阳的“上天 .只能在属阴的茫茫地下--幽冥.中国古代“引魂升天 说是东汉以后的事.那时受佛教.伊斯兰教.基督教.犹太教的影响.认为人死后可升天堂享乐.也可下地狱受苦,佛教认为修行积德者在死后可以前往西天极乐世界.解脱轮回之苦.修建于西汉初的马王堆汉墓尚未受到这些观念的影响.不可能改下阴间为“升天 .另外.从已发现的楚国文献资料看.楚国没有灵魂升天的习俗.中写道:“魂兮归来.君无上天些①.虎豹九关.啄害下人些.一夫九首.拔木九千些.-- 说明楚人甚至忌惮于灵魂上天.现在国内主要有关书籍中几乎都认为长沙陈家大山出土的和长沙子弹库出土的都是灵魂升天图.认为“两者画面结构虽有差异.但皆表现墓主在神化动物导引下飞翔升腾 .从而成为西汉帛画“引魂升天 的历史依据.但仔细观察两幅帛画.子弹库出土帛画男性墓主乘的不是飞龙而是一般龙舟,陈家大山出土帛画的女性墓主乘的是如一弯新月的独木舟.龙舟在楚地战国时已普遍流行.如屈原投江死后.人们为怀念他.用龙舟为他招魂并投抛粽子使水族勿食其肉.此风俗沿袭至今.过去都认为画中龙舟下云纹状图案为“云彩 .其实为龙舟下的水波纹.龙舟前部下面还有一条游鱼.两幅战国帛画的墓主人都乘坐舟船的原因是:当时的人无法理解生老病死自然法则.虔诚地设计了种种宗教活动.尽量确立一种能自圆其说的宗教信仰.不仅在中国.世界许多古老民族都认为阳间与阴间有一水相隔.即人们常说的“阴阳界 .对于死者如何到阴间的途径.各民族有着多种说法.但有极大的共性.认为死后鬼魂要顺利进入阴间.就必须经过一条水域.如不能横渡这片水域.死者阴魂就要在阳间游荡.成为孤魂野鬼.所以.古希腊丧葬时要在死者口中放一枚小钱作为渡资,从唐代到清代.皇帝死后口中含一颗宝珠.可让死者鬼魂进入冥间得以照明.古葬礼中往往有死者灵魂上阴间之路的仪式.两幅战国帛所画当是该仪式的一部分.以祈求墓主横渡阴阳河一路顺风.众多书籍都认为“升天 是死者的最高境界.于是把马王堆帛画中那复杂诡异的画面内容都牵强到“引魂升天 这一笼统而无证据的说法中去.帛画包括神话世界中的天上.人间.地下三部分.实际就是汉代先民想象中的宇宙空间.画工着意突出墓主在人间层上的中心位置.天上.地下诸神的青睐和关照.反映出墓主强烈的支配欲.实际上.这一“宇宙空间 是为了给阴间的墓主提供一个如生前那样舒适的生活空间.注:①些:音suò.句末语气词.只出现在中.大约是古代楚地的方言. 下列理解符合原文意思的两项是 A．汉镇墓文中有“天为阳.地为阴 之语.鬼为阴类.不可能位于上天.只能位于阴间的“幽冥 . B．为怀念屈原.人们用划龙舟和抛粽子的方式使水族勿食其肉.这一行为沿袭至今.成为风俗. C．两幅战国帛画所画墓主人乘坐舟船.正是古代葬礼中送亡灵上阴间之路整个仪式的生动再现. D．不单单是中国.世界上许多古老的民族都有类似“阴阳界 的文化信仰. E．马王堆帛画中那复杂诡异的画面内容都牵强到“引魂升天 这一说法笼统而且没有证据. 根据本文提供的信息.下列说法符合文意的一项是 A．专家们长期以来对帛画中的舟船.水波.游鱼等内容失察.可见他们是在以先入为主的思维方式解说画面内容. B．现在国内有关帛画的主要书籍都认为和是灵魂升天图.呈现了“墓主在神化动物导引下飞翔升腾 的场景. C．汉代先民想象中的宇宙空间包括神话世界中的天上.人间.地下三部分.帛画中的墓主居于人间层上的中心位置.表现了墓主的支配欲. D．本文的观点.代表了汉代帛画主题思想研究的最新成果.作者倡导的科学.务实的科研精神具有重要意义. 纵观全文.作者在否定“引魂升天 这一主题时用了哪些证据?请分点概括. 作者认为马王堆帛画原本的共同主题是什么?请简要回答.
题型：阅读理解
阅读下面文字.完成13-16小题 马王堆帛画的主题 我国有史记载的毛笔绘画当开始于秦汉.但经过历代战乱.地面上的秦汉绘画已所存不多.考古学家们从1949年到1974年.在楚地相继发掘出十多幅帛画.其中马王堆1号.3号墓内覆盖在棺椁上的“T 型帛画形状独特.寓意深邃.艺术价值最高.是世界上最珍贵的艺术品之一.引起了许多专家对帛画之谜的解释.全国所有涉及中国最早绘画内容的教科书及近年出版的权威书籍.都断定帛画的主题思想就是“引魂升天 .对此.本人持不同见解. 汉镇墓文中有“上天苍苍.地下茫茫,死人归阴.生人归阳,生人有里.死人有乡 之语.可见天为阳.地为阴.鬼为阴类.阴间不可能位于属阳的“上天 .只能在属阴的茫茫地下--幽冥.中国古代“引魂升天 说是东汉以后的事.那时受佛教.伊斯兰教.基督教.犹太教的影响.认为人死后可升天堂享乐.也可下地狱受苦,佛教认为修行积德者在死后可以前往西天极乐世界.解脱轮回之苦.修建于西汉初的马王堆汉墓尚未受到这些观念的影响.不可能改下阴间为“升天 .另外.从已发现的楚国文献资料看.楚国没有灵魂升天的习俗.中写道:“魂兮归来.君无上天些①.虎豹九关.啄害下人些.一夫九首.拔木九千些.-- 说明楚人甚至忌惮于灵魂上天. 现在国内主要有关书籍中几乎都认为长沙陈家大山出土的和长沙子弹库出土的都是灵魂升天图.认为“两者画面结构虽有差异.但皆表现墓主在神化动物导引下飞翔升腾 .从而成为西汉帛画“引魂升天 的历史依据.但仔细观察两幅帛画.子弹库出土帛画男性墓主乘的不是飞龙而是一般龙舟,陈家大山出土帛画的女性墓主乘的是如一弯新月的独木舟.龙舟在楚地战国时已普遍流行.如屈原投江死后.人们为怀念他.用龙舟为他招魂并投抛粽子使水族勿食其肉.此风俗沿袭至今.过去都认为画中龙舟下云纹状图案为“云彩 .其实为龙舟下的水波纹.龙舟前部下面还有一条游鱼.两幅战国帛画的墓主人都乘坐舟船的原因是:当时的人无法理解生老病死自然法则.虔诚地设计了种种宗教活动.尽量确立一种能自圆其说的宗教信仰.不仅在中国.世界许多古老民族都认为阳间与阴间有一水相隔.即人们常说的“阴阳界 .对于死者如何到阴间的途径.各民族有着多种说法.但有极大的共性.认为死后鬼魂要顺利进入阴间.就必须经过一条水域.如不能横渡这片水域.死者阴魂就要在阳间游荡.成为孤魂野鬼.所以.古希腊丧葬时要在死者口中放一枚小钱作为渡资,从唐代到清代.皇帝死后口中含一颗宝珠.可让死者鬼魂进入冥间得以照明.古葬礼中往往有死者灵魂上阴间之路的仪式.两幅战国帛所画当是该仪式的一部分.以祈求墓主横渡阴阳河一路顺风. 众多书籍都认为“升天 是死者的最高境界.于是把马王堆帛画中那复杂诡异的画面内容都牵强到“引魂升天 这一笼统而无证据的说法中去.帛画包括神话世界中的天上.人间.地下三部分.实际就是汉代先民想象中的宇宙空间.画工着意突出墓主在人间层上的中心位置.天上.地下诸神的青睐和关照.反映出墓主强烈的支配欲.实际上.这一“宇宙空间 是为了给阴间的墓主提供一个如生前那样舒适的生活空间. 注:①些:音suò.句末语气词.只出现在中.大约是古代楚地的方言. 13-14题为选择题.请在答题卷相应题号处作答.(13题选两项给5分.选对一项给2分.多选不给分) 13．下列理解符合原文意思的两项是 A．汉镇墓文中有“天为阳.地为阴 之语.鬼为阴类.不可能位于上天.只能位于阴间的“幽冥 . B．为怀念屈原.人们用划龙舟和抛粽子的方式使水族勿食其肉.这一行为沿袭至今.成为风俗. C．两幅战国帛画所画墓主人乘坐舟船.正是古代葬礼中送亡灵上阴间之路整个仪式的生动再现. D．不单单是中国.世界上许多古老的民族都有类似“阴阳界 的文化信仰. E．马王堆帛画中那复杂诡异的画面内容都牵强到“引魂升天 这一说法笼统而且没有证据. 14．根据本文提供的信息.下列说法符合文意的一项是 A．专家们长期以来对帛画中的舟船.水波.游鱼等内容失察.可见他们是在以先入为主的思维方式解说画面内容. B．现在国内有关帛画的主要书籍都认为和是灵魂升天图.呈现了“墓主在神化动物导引下飞翔升腾 的场景. C．汉代先民想象中的宇宙空间包括神话世界中的天上.人间.地下三部分.帛画中的墓主居于人间层上的中心位置.表现了墓主的支配欲. D．本文的观点.代表了汉代帛画主题思想研究的最新成果.作者倡导的科学.务实的科研精神具有重要意义. 15．纵观全文.作者在否定“引魂升天 这一主题时用了哪些证据?请分点概括. 16．作者认为马王堆帛画原本的共同主题是什么?请简要回答.
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