板条_板条的意思_板条是什么意思_板条什么意思_板条的解释_911查询
输入词条名称进行查询，例如 板条
板条 板条的意思 板条是什么意思 板条什么意思 板条的解释
板条美食板条材料主料：面粉、玉米粉 辅料：瘦猪肉、黄瓜、豆芽菜、青蒜、胡萝卜 调料：黄酱、料酒、鸡汤、鸡精、酱油、葱花、姜片、食用油做法1、将面粉、玉米粉放到盆里，加入水调和成面团，揉均匀，饧一会儿待用； 2、将猪肉切成小丁，黄瓜、胡萝卜、青蒜洗净切成丝，豆芽菜掐去根部，再将胡萝卜丝、豆芽菜放入开水中焯一下捞出过凉备用； 3、坐锅点火放入油，油热煸炒葱花、姜片、肉丁煸炒，烹入料酒加入黄酱、酱油、鸡汤、鸡精用微火把酱炒至枣红色盛入小碗中； 4、将饧好的面团放到案板上，撒上面干，将面擀成薄厚均匀的大圆片，边擀边撒面粉以免粘连，然后切成4寸宽的长片，把长片叠起来再切成韭菜叶宽的条，即杨板条； 5、坐锅点火放入清水，水开后将板条抖散到锅中，煮至板条浮起注入少许凉水，再烧沸捞出板条过凉 ，盛入碗中，放入肉丁炸酱、黄瓜丝、胡萝卜丝、青蒜丝、豆芽菜即可，食用时放适量醋拌匀。 特点：劲道利口，粗粮细做。 提示：白面与玉米面的比例最好是2：1，玉米面多了煮时易碎；板条不易煮太软，要吃的劲道爽口。地质学名词板条板条英文：plate lath释文：板块内具有相对独立运动和变形表现的构造单元,形态上为长度远大于宽度的条状体,马宗晋等(2003)提出。板块运动并不完全是整个板块整齐划一的运动,板块内部也可划分次级单元和发生板内变形。如太平洋板块东侧垂直洋中脊走向的一系列长数千千米、近东西向的转换断层,如门多西诺断裂带等把板块切割成一系列近等间距、宽达上百千米的条状体。这些条状体都有拗曲,而且不同条状体拗曲的顶点明显错位；相邻条状体的磁异常条带宽度差别往往也很大,说明它们的开裂速度不完全相同。此外在大洋板块俯冲下插过程中,板块插入部分反复挠曲,其前端很易被撕裂,也会形成一系列的条状体。太平洋板块各俯冲带,甚至同一俯冲带的不同地段显示出俯冲运动的差异就是很好的证明。所以可将这些条状体称为板条构造,简称板条。大陆板块内部也可划分出板条,如中国大陆被几条明显的纬向构造分出的一些条带。深入研究板条构造不仅有助于探讨板块的运动学和动力学问题,对地质灾害和矿产的分布、成因研究也有一定意义
声明：此内容系本站根据您的指令自动搜索到的结果，不代表本站赞成其中所述的内容或立场！百科全书为您提供板条,板条的意思,板条是什么意思,板条什么意思,板条的解释
别人正在查
不错，请分享给大家！本页网址：911查询 全部查询
(共20个)占卜求签
(共17个)民俗文化
(共15个)交通出行
(共10个)学习应用
(共25个)休闲娱乐
(共10个)站长工具
(共9个)身体健康
(共12个)其他
& 　京ICP备号-6　别的不说，直接上一份干货，去之前先给我全部背完了再说，否则没有什么生存能力可言...===========================================================一份日常英语参考家居日用品英文refrigerator 冰箱
automatic rice cooker 电饭锅
steamer 蒸锅
grill 烧烤架
toaster 烤面包机
egg beater 打蛋器
ice crusher 刨冰机
food processor 食品加工机
paper towel 纸巾
apron 围裙
tableware 餐具
plate 盘子
cupboard 碗橱
dining table 餐桌
larder 食品柜
drop-leaf table 可以折叠边缘的桌子
chopping board 案板
cutlery tray 装餐具的容器
dish drainer 晾干餐具的容器（类似铁丝筐）
table cloth 桌布laundry bag 洗衣袋
pail 洗衣桶
ironing board 烫衣板
steam and dry iron 蒸汽电熨斗
electric iron 电熨斗
laundry drier 烘干机
spin-drier 旋转式脱水机
washing machine 洗衣机
radiator 暖气片
electric fan 电扇
stand fan 落地电扇
oscillating fan 摇头电扇
bed light/bed lamp 床头灯
fluorescent lamp 日光灯
ceiling lamp/pendant lamp 吊灯
desk/table lamp 台灯
wall light 壁灯
floor lamp 落地灯
chandelier 枝状吊灯water gauge 水表
outlet/receptacle 插座
paste 浆糊
adhesive tape 胶条
packing paper 包装纸
string 绳子
carpenter 木工
electrician 电工
utility man 杂务工
plumber 管道工
painter 油漆工
vacuum hose holder 吸尘器管子的托架
watering can 浇水壶blanket 毛毯
cushion 垫子
quilt 被子
cotton terry blanket 毛巾被
feather quilt 羽绒被
cotton quilt 棉被
bedding 床上用品
mosquito net 蚊帐
pillow 枕头
bolster 长枕
pillow case 枕套
carpet 地毯 （一般指大的整块的，铺房间的那种）
rug 地毯（一般指小块的，放在沙发等边上的那种）bathtub 浴缸
hand shower 手握式淋浴器
shower nozzle 喷头
tap faucet 水龙头
plastic curtain 防水浴帘
shower cap 浴帽
bath slipper 洗澡用拖鞋
bath mat 防滑垫
towel hanger/holder 毛巾架
towel ring 毛巾环
bath towel 浴巾
soap stand 肥皂盒
shampoo 洗发露
conditioner 护发素
dryer 吹风机
razor 刮胡刀
toothpaste 牙膏
toothbrush 牙刷bed frame/bed base 床架
headboard 床头板
sofa bed 沙发床
folding guest bed 折叠床
loftbed frame架在空中的床（下面可放沙发、桌子等）
bunkbed frame 上下铺的床
slatted bed base 板条床
sprung base 弹簧床
bedspread 床罩
sheet 床单
mattress 床垫 （厚的那种）
mattress pad 床垫 (薄的那种)
bed canopy 支在床上的篷子 （一般用于儿童床上的装饰）
bedside table 床头柜Banqueting chair 宴会椅
Barstool 吧椅
Bathroom accessories 浴室配套装置
Bathroom combination 浴室组合柜
Bathroom consoles 浴室多用架
Bathroom furniture 浴室家具
Bathroom vanity 浴室盥洗台
Birch door 桦木门
Board-room and conference table 会议桌
Bookcase 书柜
Bookshelf 书架
Built-in kitchen 配套厨房家具
Bunk 双层床
Bunk bed 双层床Children’s chair 儿童椅
CKD(complete knock down) 整体拆装式家具
Clothes rail 挂衣杆
Cocktail cabinet 吧柜，酒柜
Cocktail table 鸡尾酒桌
Coffee table 茶几，咖啡桌
Combine-unit 组合柜
Composite furniture 复合家具
Console 小桌Contract programmes 订做家具
Cot 童床（婴儿床）
Couch 长沙发椅
Cupboard 橱柜
Cupboard wall unit for flat 套房衣柜
Curtain 窗帘，挂帘
Customized furniture 订做家具Double-bed 双人床
Double function sofa-bed 双人沙发床
Double sided mirror 双面镜
Draughtsman chair 吧椅
Drawer 抽屉
Dressing table 梳妆台Easy chair 轻便椅
End table 茶几
Entrance hall furniture 门厅家具
Exterior door户外门Filing cabinet 文件柜
Fireplace壁炉
Fitment 固定家具
Fitting 家居用品
Flower stand 花架
Folding chair 折叠椅
Folding furniture 折叠家具
Folk furniture 民间家具Junior desk chair 学生书桌椅Kitchen block /kitchen rock 厨房地砖
Kitchen cabinet 餐具柜
Kitchen chair, stool and bench 厨房椅、圆凳及条椅
Kitchen fitment 厨房固定家具
Kitchen table 厨房餐桌
Kitchen unit 厨房成套家具Mirror for chest of drawers 多屉柜梳妆镜
Multi-purpose sofa 多用沙发
Multi-purpose table 多用桌Nest 茶几Occasional furniture 配套家具，休闲家具
Occasional table 休闲桌
Office furniture 办公家具
Office seating 办公座椅
Office table 办公桌
Partition wall 隔断School table 课桌
screen 屏风
secretaire 写字桌(尤指有抽屉及分类格者)
Secretarial chair 秘书椅
sectional sofa 拼合沙发
semi-CKD 半拆装家具
separate wine cabinet 独立厨柜
serving table 送餐桌
chaise longue 长靠椅
shelving combination 组合架
shoe rack 鞋架
side table 小桌
sideboard 餐具柜
simmous bed 席梦思床
single bed 单人床
slat stool 板条凳
sleeper sofa 可睡沙发
sofa bed 沙发床
sofa table 沙发桌
soft chair 软椅
steel cot 钢丝床；弹簧床
spring-seat chair 弹簧座椅
square stool 方凳
square table 方桌
steel chair 扶手椅
steel desk 钢制写字台
steel safe 保险柜
step stool 梯凳
stool 凳子；搁脚凳
storage for umbrellas 伞架
straight back chair 直背椅
safe 保险箱
studio couch 单人沙发床
trunk 衣箱；小型旅行箱
swivel armchair 帆布折叠躺椅
swivel-top stool 转动凳以下部分是比较潮的英语单词微博 Microblog
山寨 copycat
异地恋 long-distance relationship
剩女 3S lady(single，seventies,stuck)/left girls
熟女 cougar(源自电影Cougar Club)
裸婚 naked wedding
炫富 flaunt wealth
团购 group buying
人肉搜索 flesh search
潮人：trendsetter
发烧友： fancier
骨感美女：boney beauty
卡奴：card slave
下午茶 high tea
愤青 young cynic
性感妈妈 yummy mummy
亚健康 sub-health
灵魂伴侣 soul mate
小白脸 toy boy
精神出轨 soul infidelity
人肉搜索 flesh search
钻石王老五 diamond bachelor
时尚达人 fashion icon
御宅 otaku
橙色预警 orange signal warning
预约券 reservation ticket
上相的,上镜头的 photogenic
80后：80's generation
百搭：all-match
限时抢购：flash sale
合租：flat-share
荧光纹身：glow tattoo
泡泡袜：loose socks
裸妆：nude look
黄牛票：scalped ticket
扫货：shopping spree
烟熏妆：smokey-eye make-up
水货：smuggled goods
纳米技术：nanotechnology
正妹 hotty
对某人念念不忘 get the hots for
草莓族 Strawberry generation
草根总统 grassroots president
笨手笨脚 have two left feet
拼车 car-pooling
解除好友关系 unfriend v.
暴走 go ballistic
海外代购 overseas purchasing
跳槽 jump ship
闪婚 flash marriage
闪电约会 speeddating
闪电恋爱 whirlwind romance
刻不容缓，紧要关头 crunch time
乐活族 LOHAS(Lifestyle Of Health And Sustainability)
一夜情 one-night stand
偶像派 idol type
脑残体 leetspeak
挑食者 picky-eater
伪球迷 fake fans
狂热的 gaga eg: I was gaga over his deep blue eyes when I first set eyes on him
防暑降温补贴 high temperature subsidy
奉子成婚 shotgun marriage
婚前性行为 premarital sex
开博 to open a blog
房奴车奴 mortgage slave
上课开小差 zone out
万事通 know-it-all
赌球 soccer gambling
桑拿天 sauna weather
假发票 fake invoice
二房东 middleman landlord
笑料 laughing stock
泰国香米 Thai fragrant rice
学历造假 fabricate academic credentials
暗淡前景 bleak prospects
毕业典礼 commencement
散伙饭 farewell dinner
毕业旅行 after-graduation trip
节能高效的 fuel-efficient
具有时效性的 time-efficient
很想赢 be hungry for success
面子工程 face job
指甲油 nail varnish
学历门槛 academic threshold
王牌主播 mainstay TV host
招牌菜 signature dishes
城市热岛效应 urban heat island effect
逃学 play hooky, 装病不上班 play hooky from work
一线城市 first-tier cities
高考 the National College Entrance Examines
录取分数线 admission scores
保障性住房 indemnificatory housing
一决高下 Duke it out
囤积居奇 hoarding and profiteering
灰色市场 Grey market
反倾销 anti-dumping
吃白食的人 freeloader
公关 public relation
不幸的日子，不吉利的日子 black-letter day
吉利的日子 saints' days
廉租房 low rent housing
限价房 capped-price housing
经适房 affordable housing
替罪羔羊 whipping boy
对口支援 partner assistance
电脑游戏迷：gamer
家庭主男：house-husband
小白脸，吃软饭的：kept man
二奶：kept woman
麦霸：Mic king / Mic queen
型男：metrosexual man(范指那些极度重视外貌而行为gay化的直男，型男属于其中的一种)下面这部分对女生比较有用一，化妆品/护肤品/洗涤护肤: skin care
洗面奶: facial cleanser/face wash(foaming,milky,cream,gel)
爽肤水: toner/astringent
紧肤水：firming lotion
柔肤水：toner/smoothing toner （facial mist/facial spray/complexion mist）
护肤霜: moisturizers and creams
保湿：moisturizer
隔离霜，防晒：sun screen/sun block
美白：whitening
露：lotion，霜：cream
日霜：day cream
晚霜：night cream
眼部gel: eye gel
面膜: facial mask/masque
眼膜: eye mask
护唇用：lip care
口红护膜：lip coat
磨砂膏: facial scrub
去黑头: (deep) pore cleanser/striper pore refining
去死皮: exfoliating scrub
润肤露（香体乳）:lotion/moisturizer
护手霜: hand lotion/moisturizer
沐浴露: wash二，化妆品/护肤品功能
acne/spot（青春痘用品）
active（赋活用）
after sun（日晒后用品）
alcohol-free（无酒精）
anti-（抗、防）
anti-wrinkle（抗老防皱）
balancing（平衡酸硷）
clean-/purify-（清洁用）
combination（混合性皮肤）
dry（干性皮肤）
essence（精华液）
facial（脸部用）
fast/quick dry（快干）
firm（紧肤）
foam（泡沫）
gentle（温和的）
hydra-（保湿用）
long lasting（持久性）
milk（乳）
mult-（多元）
normal（中性皮肤）
nutritious（滋养）
oil-control（抑制油脂）
oily（油性皮肤）
pack（剥撕式面膜）
peeling（敷面剥落式面膜）
remover（去除、卸妆）
repair（修护）
revitalite（活化）
scrub（磨砂式(去角质)）
sensitive（敏感性皮肤）
solvent（溶解）
sun block（防晒用）
toning lotion（化妆水）
trentment（修护）
wash（洗）
waterproof（防水）三，化妆品/彩妆
彩妆: cosmetics
遮瑕膏: concealer
修容饼：shading powder
粉底: foundation (compact,stick)
粉饼: pressed powder
散粉：loose powder
闪粉：shimmering powder/glitter
眉粉: brow powder
眉笔：brow pencil
眼线液（眼线笔）：liquid eye liner, eye liner
眼影: eye shadow
睫毛膏: mascara
唇线笔: lip liner
唇膏: lip color/lipstick（笔状 lip pencil，膏状 lip lipstick，盒装 lip color/lip gloss）
唇彩: lip gloss/lip color
腮红: blush
卸装水: makeup remover
卸装乳: makeup removing lotion
帖在身上的小亮片: art
指甲: manicure/pedicure
指甲油: nail polish/color/enamel
去甲油：nail polish remover
护甲液：nail saver
发: hair products/accessories
洗发水: shampoo
护发素: hair conditioner
锔油膏: conditioning hairdressing/hairdressing gel /treatment
摩丝: mousse
发胶: styling gel
染发: hair color
冷烫水: perm/perming formula
卷发器: rollers/perm rollers四，化妆品/化妆工具
工具: cosmetic applicators/accessories
粉刷: cosmetic brush, face brush
粉扑: powder puffs
海绵扑: sponge puffs
眉刷: brow brush
睫毛夹: lash curler
眼影刷: eye shadow brush/shadow applicator
口红刷: lip brush
胭脂扫: blush brush
转笔刀: pencil sharpener
电动剃毛器: electric shaver-for women
电动睫毛卷: electric lash curler
描眉卡: brow template
纸巾: facial tissue
吸油纸: oil-absorbing sheets
化装棉: cotton pads
棉签: q-tips＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝　 1、eye cream/eye care/eye gel：眼霜或者眼部保养品或者眼胶　　2、masque：面膜,是面膜产品的通称.　　面膜的其他表示方法有*mask-面具*pack-外盒,包　　3、day&night：指白天专用的产品和晚上专用的产品　　4、exfoliate：剥落,脱落.一般看到exfoliate基本上就是去角质的产品了.　　其他表示方法:scrub去除杂质　　5、essence：精华,要素;指精华液,美容液,精华露.　　essential-精华的;soul-精髓;extract-萃取精华　　6、lotion：化妆水,洗涤剂.英文法文表示一致,都是lotion　　有些品牌也用lotion作为乳液的用词,不过严格来讲,最好是在lotion前面加上milk(乳液,乳状物),或者milky(乳状的),也就是milk/milky lotion　　化妆水的其他用语:water　　乳液的其他用语:fluid-流动的,液体(英文法文通用);liquid-液体物质　　7、foam：泡沫,或者可以挤出来的泡沫,可以产生泡沫的产品　　8、soap：肥皂,块状的产品　　肥皂类其他用语:bar　　9、make up remover：卸妆　　卸妆的其他用语:cleanser, cleansing, clean off, clean out都有清洁,扫除的意思,但有时会跟洗脸产品的标示有重叠,要留意是否注明[可以清除彩妆]　　10、balm：香油,芳香性树脂,大多指护唇油(罐装的唇膏)　　护唇膏的其他用语:lipsalve-嘴唇用油膏;lip ointment-唇用软膏　　11、shake well before use：使用前请先摇匀　　通常这一类产品都含有不同密度的物质,所以要先摇匀　　摇匀的其他用语:brandish-摇动;jiggle-轻轻晃动;joggle-轻摇　　12、tissue-off：用完以后要以面纸或者化妆棉,擦掉的产品　　擦拭的其他用语:well-wipe off　　需要[剥,撕]的其他用语eel off　　13、wash-off：水洗,用后要洗掉的　　水洗的其他用语:water-rinsing-sweep　　14、pat：轻拍,轻抚,轻压　　拍打的其他用语ab-以手按压;flap-拍打,扑打　　有些产品需要稍加画圆,按摩.外文是:massage-onto-在肌肤上面按摩;circular movement-画圆移动～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～nail polish 指甲油
cosmetics case 化妆箱
high heels 高跟鞋
gloves 手套
wrist watch 手表
pendant 项饰
necklace 项链
neck scarf 围巾
earrings 耳环
bracelet 手链, 手镯
cuff links 袖扣
ascot 宽领带
pocket watch 表袋
hair net 发网
shampoo 洗发水
cream rinse 营养发水
hair spray 发胶
powder puff 粉扑
compact 带镜粉盒
astringent 化妆水
perfume 香水
skin milk 乳液
cold cream 油底霜
atomizer 喷雾式香水
hand mirror 手镜
bobby pin 发夹
false eyelash 假睫毛
lipstick 口红
tie pin 领带夹
tissue 面纸
purse 手提包
brooch 胸针
shawl 披肩
neckerchief 领巾还有，来例假是：I'm having my period吼吼~~~
Because I have pimples 痘痘in the face.
毛孔：poreT型区：T-zone or T area超市物品英文名称(很全很强大)饼干类 Biscuits
零嘴 Snacks
各式洋芋片 Crisps
宠物食品 Pet. Food
糖业类 Confectionery
厕所用品 Toiletries
榖类食品 Cereals
家禽类 Poultry
各式腌菜 Pickles
以下将常用的食品的中英对照作整理, 以方便大家采购:
A. 肉品类 (鸡, 猪, 牛)
D. 其它A. 肉品类 (鸡, 猪, 牛)
鸡 以身体部位分：
大鸡腿 Fresh Grade Legs
鸡胸肉 Fresh Grade Breast
小鸡腿 Chicken Drumsticks
鸡翅膀 Chicken Wings
其它部位及内藏，英国人都不吃，或给猫、狗吃的。
猪肉 则分：
绞肉 Minced Steak
猪肝 Pigs Liver
猪脚 Pigs feet
猪腰 Pigs Kidney
猪心 Pigs Hearts
猪肚 Pig bag
没骨头的猪排 Pork Steak
连骨头的猪排 Pork Chops
卷好的腰部瘦肉 Rolled Pork loin
卷好的腰部瘦肉连带皮 Rolled Pork Belly
做香肠的绞肉 Pork sausage meat
醺肉 Smoked Bacon
小里肌肉 Pork Fillet
带骨的瘦肉 Spare Rib Pork chops
小排骨肉 Spare Rib of Pork
肋骨 Pork ribs (ps 可煮汤食用)
汉堡肉 Pork Burgers
一块块的?C肉 Pork-pieces
猪油滴 Pork Dripping
中间带骨的腿肉 Casserole Pork
有骨的大块肉 Joint
小块的瘦肉 Stewing Beef
牛肉块加牛腰 Steak & Kidney
可煎食的大片牛排 Frying steak
牛绞肉 Minced Beef
大块牛排 Rump Steak
牛键肉 Leg Beef
牛尾 OX-Tail
牛心 OX-heart
牛舌 OX-Tongues
带骨的腿肉 Barnsley Chops
肩肉 Shoulder Chops
腰上的牛排肉 Porter House Steak
头肩肉筋、油较多 Chuck Steak
拍打过的牛排 Tenderized Steak
[注]牛杂类在传统摊位市场才可买到，超级市场则不贩卖。有：
牛肠 Roll, 牛筋 Cowhells, 蜂窝牛肚 Honeycomb Tripe
牛肚块 Tripe Pieces, 白牛肚 Best thick seamB. 海产类
鲱 Herring
比目鱼 Plaice
鱆鱼 Octopus
乌贼 Squid
花枝 Dressed squid
鲭 Mackerel
北大西洋产的鳕鱼 Haddock
鳟鱼 Trout (ps适合蒸来吃)
鳕鱼块 Cod Fillets (可做鱼羹，或炸酥鱼片都很好吃)
海鳗 Conger (Eel)
海鲤 Sea Bream
鳕鱼类 Hake
红鲣 Red Mullet (可煎或红烧 来吃)
熏鲑* Smoked Salmon
带有黑胡椒粒的熏鲭* Smoked mackerel with crushed pepper corn
鲱鱼子 Herring roes
鳕鱼子 Boiled Cod roes
*以上两种鱼只需烤好手放柠檬汁就十分美味了
海鲜 则有：
牡_?Oyster
蚌 Mussel(黑色、椭圆形、没壳的即为淡菜)
蟹肉条 Crab stick
虾仁 Peeled Prawns
大虾 King Prawns
田螺 Winkles
小螺肉 Whelks Tops
小虾米 Shrimps
小贝肉 Cockles
龙虾 Lobster
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------蔬菜可买到的有：
马铃薯 Potato
红萝卜 Carrot
洋葱 Onion
茄子 Aubergine
芹菜 Celery
包心菜 White Cabbage
紫色包心菜 Red cabbage
大黄瓜 Cucumber
蕃茄 Tomato
小红萝卜 Radish
白萝卜 Mooli
西洋菜 Watercress
玉米尖 Baby corn
玉米 Sweet corn
白花菜 Cauliflower
葱 Spring onions
大蒜 Garlic
大白菜 Chinese leaves
大葱 Leeks
芥菜苗 Mustard & cress
青椒 Green Pepper
红椒 Red pepper
黄椒 Yellow pepper
洋菇 Mushroom
绿花菜 Broccoli florets
绿皮南瓜 Courgettes (形状似小黄瓜，但不可生食)
香菜 Coriander
四季豆 Dwarf Bean
长形平豆 Flat Beans
透明包心菜 Iceberg
莴苣菜 Lettuce
芜菁 Swede or Turnip
辣椒 Chillies
小芋头 Eddoes
大芋头 Taro
蕃薯 Sweet potato
菠菜 Spinach
绿豆芽 Beansprots
玉米粒 Corn
高丽小菜心 Sprot
水果 类有：
柠檬 Lemon
香蕉 Banana
葡萄 Grape
黄绿苹果 Golden apple (脆甜)
绿苹果 Granny smith (较酸)
可煮食的苹果 Bramleys
桃子 Peach
草莓 Strawberry
芒果 Mango
菠萝 Pine apple
奇异果 Kiwi
杨桃 Starfruit
蜜瓜 Honeydew-melon
樱桃 Cherry
荔枝 lychee
葡萄柚 Grape fruit
椰子 Coconut
无花果 FigD. 其它
长米 Long rice (较硬，煮前最好先泡一个小时)
短米 Pudding rice or short rice (较软)
糙米 Brown rice
泰国香米* THAI Fragrant rice
糯米* Glutinous rice
*可在中国商店买到。
高筋面粉 Strong flour
中筋面粉 Plain flour
低筋面粉 Self- raising flour
小麦面粉 Whole meal flour
砂糖 Brown sugar（泡奶茶、咖啡适用）
红糖 dark Brown Sugar（感冒时可煮姜汤时用）
白砂糖 Custer sugar（适用于做糕点）
糖粉 Icing Sugar（可用在打鲜奶油及装饰蛋糕外层）
冰糖 Rock Sugar
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
面条 Noodles
方便面 Instant noodles
酱油 Soy sauce(分生抽浅色及老抽深色两种)
醋 Vinegar
太白粉 Cornstarch
麦芽糖 Maltose
芝麻 Sesame Seeds
麻油 Sesame oil
蚝油 Oyster sauce
胡椒 Pepper
辣椒粉 Red chilli powder
芝麻酱 Sesame paste
腐皮 Beancurd sheet
西贾米 Sago
椰油 Creamed Coconut
味精 Monosidum glutamate
花椒 Chinese red pepper
豆鼓 Salt black bean
鱼干 Dried fish
海带 Sea vegetable or Sea weed
绿豆 Green bean
红豆 Red Bean
黑豆 Black bean
大红豆 Red kidney bean
冬菇 Dried black mushroom
酸菜 Pickled mustard-green
粉丝 Silk noodles
燕菜 Agar-agar
米粉 Rice-noodle
竹笋罐头 Bamboo shoots
八角 Star anise
馄饨皮 Wantun skin
干粟子 Dried chestuts
金针 Tiger lily buds
红枣 Red date
荸荠罐头 Water chestnuts
木耳 Fungus (an edible fungus)
虾米 Dried shrimps
腰果 Cashewnuts
(中文翻译 -
- Thank you so much
for this awesome translation!) I didn't study abroad in America. I grew up in America and I actually studied abroad in China. But I'll try to give what I believe is good, general advice and I can answer more specific questions in the comments.This is what I wish I could say to each international student,Orientation1. ContactRight off the bat, you'll meet new friends and people who can help you. If they're Chinese, then you'll probably still be able to use all the normal Chinese means of contact (QQ, 微博, 人人). But I encourage you to meet Americans and international students from other countries, and to keep in touch with them, it's best if you have a,Cell phoneProbably the most important contact method. Texting is just as prevalent here as in China. I know a lot of international students bring unlocked phones to the States these days, but for those who don't, you'll have to buy a cell phone the American way.GmailAlmost everybody uses Gmail. Gmail gives you access to Gchat, which is a ubiquitous chat application because it's built into Gmail. Gmail also gives you access to Google Docs, which is really useful for collaborating on projects.FacebookFacebook is especially useful to help you keep track of the classmates you meet every day. It's a great way to learn names.LinkedInLinkedIn is somewhat like a Facebook for job-hunting. Your LinkedIn profile is your resume.2. Local ID'sMost international students I've met use their passports as their main ID until they learn to drive and receive a driver's license. I think this makes their life unnecessarily difficult (unless you plan to buy a car and start driving right away).First, you'll need a Social Security Number (SSN). A Social Security Number is really, really important: it's the equivalent of a 身份证 in China. A Social Security Number is required to apply for a state Identification Card, to apply for jobs and to file taxes. This document from the Social Security Administration, , explains how international students (F-1, M-1 or J-1 visas) can apply for SSN's. According to the document, if the school has authorized students on F-1 visas to work on or off campus, then the student can apply for a Social Security Number. For a student to apply for work eligibility and the SSN, you'll need,F-1, M-1 or J-1 visaI-94 form (Arrival/Departure record - from the airport)I-20 form (Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status - from the school)A reference letter from the school confirming your student status and work eligibilityAn employment letter from your employerAsk your counselor or academic advisor for the work eligibility letter. The easiest way to get the employment letter would be to work on campus or for a Chinese business. Once you receive a Social Security Number, then you can apply for a state Identification Card.Every state offers an Identification Card (ID card). The ID card looks like a driver's license, but is used only for identification. This can be really useful for job applications, opening bank accounts, renting apartments, buying alcohol, etc. (A driver's licence is both the driver's license and the state ID.) With an ID card, you won't have to carry your passport around (because nobody wants to lose that), and with your student ID, you'll be able to present two forms of ID in the rare situation that an office really wants to confirm your identity. 3. American friendsThis is the best way to learn English and American culture. Too often, I see international students gather into social circles divided by country. Although hanging out with other Chinese students may seem natural and fun, you should be aware of what you're sacrificing.By speaking Chinese all the time, you don't get to practice EnglishAmericans will be intimidated by the large group of Chinese speakers surrounding you and won't approach youHaving quickly made Chinese-speaking friends, you may lose the incentive to approach AmericansNot belonging to an American group of friends means missing out on opportunities to assimilate into American cultureNot belonging to an American group of friends means missing out on opportunities to expand your professional networkDuring the first couple weeks of college, everybody is very open to making new friends. In most cases, if you talk to them, they'll talk to you. Everybody eats with everybody else and it's a lot of fun getting to know people. But after that 2-3 week period, people settle into their groups of friends and it becomes increasingly harder to enter those social circles. So make it a priority to play and meet people during those first few weeks.Don't seek Americans with the goal of learning E that relationship would be too artificial. Just find people you like and start hanging out with them. Spend time doing fun things with them.However, being friends isn't the same as being best friends. In the American social circle, there are many stages of familiarity roughly broken down as,Acquaintance / classmate / coworkerFriend of friendFriendGood friendsBest friends / familyMaking a friend is not the same as making a best friend. Being friends means hanging out together, but still with a considerable amount of personal space. For example, a friend that you hang out with would still want time to hang out with other friends, and they would still be uncomfortable talking about personal information such as their address or their salary.4. FoodUnless you live in an area with a large Chinese community, it's hard to find good Chinese food. The sooner you get used to two staples of the American diet, the easier life will be,CheeseSaladsAlmost all American food has some form of cheese or cream in it, even salads. You can ask for no cheese on everything you order, but then many dishes will also have no taste and no texture. Liking cheese opens up all the convenient options of American cuisine,SandwichesPizzaPastaAmericans can eat some combination of those three foods for every lunch, dinner and snack. Pizza happens to be the cheapest college food. Usually, if there's an organized event, there will be free pizza.5. Roommate agreementMost students will experience roommate conflicts. A roommate agreement created at the beginning of the year can help reduce misunderstandings and maybe even prevent conflicts. The roommate agreement should list potentially problematic scenarios and propose ways to solve them. For example,What happens when one roommate wants a guy/girl to stay for the night?What's a comfortable temperature for each roommate?How loud can people play music or watch tv?What's the cleaning schedule?What is each roommate's contact information?If you really have a strong opinion on something (for example, you really like cold temperatures), then don't say that you don't mind out of politeness. Agreeing to anything other than how you truly feel will only lead to confusion down the road. It's also hard to foresee every problematic situation. So if an unexpectedly uncomfortable situation arises, don't ignore it and wait for it to arise again. Don't rationalize to yourself that it wasn't a big deal. If it really isn't a big deal, then it shouldn't be hard to talk to your roommate about it. Try to find an opportunity to talk to your roommate privately, explain how you feel and ask how she or he feels. Ask for your roommate's opinion first and let her or him help you. Keep in mind that most of the time, conflicts are really the results of misunderstandings. Clear the misunderstanding and the conflict usually dissipates.If a conflict is serious, then ask your Resident Assistant or Resident Director for help.
6. ChurchThis might seem like an unorthodox suggestion, but it has nothing to do with religion. The church community is always welcoming towards new members. As long as you go to church activities with an open mind, you'll find some of the most generous and helpful people in your community. They genuinely want to help you, so don't take advantage of their kindness. I recommend going to social activities hosted by the church or small B I don't recommend attending the sermons on Sunday because the speeches may be hard to follow and the topic could be boring to people who are unfamiliar with Christianity.Of course, the members of the church will want to teach you about God and Jesus, but those are actually great opportunities for you to improve your English. Reading the Bible aloud is helpful in both reading comprehension and pronunciation, and you can treat it like literature if you don't want to believe it. If you don't want to go anymore, just explain that you're getting busier with work and there won't be any hard feelings.Academics
7. Picking classes (undergrad)If you want to aim for top grades, then picking classes is half the battle. I think most Chinese students have an idea about the difference between studying to get good grades a picking classes takes advantage of that same distinction. You may have some language difficulties when you first arrive, so the first priority is to mitigate that disadvantage. When you pick classes, you should Avoid classes with reading and writing (Literature, History, Economics, Sociology, Journalism, etc)Pick classes where you already know the material (Math, Biology, Chemistry, Physics)Look up professor ratings on a site such as , and pick professors that give out high grades on averageWhen you go through orientation, you'll have a chance to meet with an academic advisor who will help you pick classes. Don't trust 100% what she or he advises! Figure out how to pick classes and choose them weeks beforehand. Why? Because most advisors recommend that freshman take a broad range of classes to fulfill core graduation requirements. This means that they'll probably recommend that you take1 math class1 literature class (bad!)1 history / economics class (bad!)1 science class1 major-related classOut of 5 of the classes in your first semester, you'll have 2 that are probably unrelated to your major, but that you'll really struggle in. The two reading/writing-based classes will also distract you from your other classes. Nobody needs that stress while adapting to a new culture. Also, if the reading/writing classes are only required for core credits, then there's usually no required order in which you have to take them, so there's no reason to take th wait until you're a junior or senior with more English experience before tackling them. Instead, your freshman schedule could look like2 math classes2 science classes1 major-related classThe reason I recommend science classes is because there's less reading and writing, plus you probably already know all the material. Introductory level science classes in American colleges are actually high school level science classes in China.If a class is full, don't worry. Sign-up for the wait-list. The common way for Americans to register for classes is to sign-up for more classes than they can handle, and then drop the ones that they don't like. There's no penalty for dropping a class within the first weeks of the semester. This is actually encouraged by universities because they want students to experiment with different classes. This also means that classes are oversubscribed and seats will usually free up after the first two weeks. If you are on the wait-list, tell the professor on the first day of class. Then email the professor with your name and student ID and explain that you are on the wait-list and would like to be added to the class. Then continue to attend the class as if this proves that you're serious about taking the class. After the first two weeks, the professor will usually add all the students on the wait-list to the class. When I was in college, I was on the wait-list for one class every single semester, and in only one case could the professor not add me to the class. But even in that situation, I talked to the professor and we figured out a way that I could earn the equivalent credits through independent research.A special note to computer science majors: A significant number of American computer science students have years of programming experience before they start college. Unfortunately, the projects in the introductory level courses are usually harder because of that. Even with harder projects, there will be students who have enough experience to ace the these students really shouldn't be in the intro-level courses, but you'll have to put up with them. Don't be discouraged if they finish a week-long project in a day. You're here to learn, not to show off. Treat a computer science class like an art class. For people who didn't start programming at an early age, practice is your best friend (and maybe also ).
8. Asking questionsProfessors expect students to ask questions. If you don't understand something in lecture or you want the professor to repeat something, raise your hand and ask a question."Professor, could you repeat what you just said?""Professor, could you explain what X means?""Professor, could you give an example of X?"
9. Office hoursAll professors and teaching assistants (TA) must have a set time each week where they are available to help students. The syllabus will detail when the office hours are. Add the office hours to your schedule as if they were classes.In many ways, office hours are even more important than lecture. Lecture is mostly to introduce students to concepts in the textbooks. Office hours are much more important because you can ask detailed questions about the class material and homework. It's also extremely important to build a personal relationship with the professor and teaching assistant. EDIT: 10. Research papersIf you are studying for a humanities degree, papers are your bread and butter. You'll work on a paper almost every day. Even if you're studying towards a technical degree you'll have to write at least a couple papers. The most important step to starting an essay is to understand the prompt. Ask the professor for examples of essays, or at the very least topics, that students have written about in the past. This helps you understand what the professor expects. You don't have to make any new disco as long as you match and surpass the professor's expectations, you'll get the A. It's useful to fill in your bibliography as you do your research. If you wait until after you finish your essay, you might have trouble remembering which ideas came from which source. Do it up front and the bibliography is finished automatically.Also don't be hesitate to change your thesis in light of new ideas. It's much better to improve your thesis rather than to twist your research to fit a weak one. It's a good idea to go to office hours and ask for the professor's opinion on any new thesis ideas. Professors actually love these sorts of discussions and they can validate whether your thesis meets their expectations or not.You'll definitely want to start writing early. Writing is a very non- sometimes paragraphs string sometimes a single sentence is an immovable obstacle. A useful method is to write a sentence every day. No matter how late it is at night or how inept that one sentence happens to be, write it. If the sentence was really no good, then edit it out later. Oftentimes, that sentence will lead into a paragraph, and you'll have the essay finished weeks before everyone else. But finishing the essay is only half the work. Revising the essay is just as important. High schools in America emphasize the process of peer-review. After you finish a draft of your essay, ask a friend or classmate to read it over for you and critique it. A fresh set of eyes will reveal obvious ways to improve the essay. Another helpful service is the campus writing center. This is a service, mostly run by student volunteers, where you can bring your writing and have it reviewed by experienced writers. Be open-minded about this process. Sometimes, other people will see a fundamental flaw in the thesis or question the reasoning you used to arrive at your conclusion. Addressing these suggestions patiently will almost certainly improve your essay.EDIT: 11. Group projectsWorking in groups can be one of the most challenging assignments because it requires a combination of good communication skills, an independent work ethic and leadership skills. American students start working in group projects as early as elementary school and the projects only increase in complexity throughout middle and high school. With so much experience (and a habit of procrastination), they're comfortable with not finishing a project until the last moment. But unless you're very confident in your skills, don't take on the same mentality. Start working on the project before they do so that the project won't have to be so stressful.My suggestions about enrolling in math and science classes in the first two years is part of the strategy to avoid group projects until later in your academic career. Math and science classes typically have less group work, and even when they do, the work is usually easily divisible, not mutually dependent and doesn't require actual collaboration. Everyone in the group can complete a portion of the tasks and then combine the results.Group projects in humanities classes are usually different. These projects can involve Formulating a thesis (collaborative)Researching for supporting evidence (individual)Agreeing on a conclusion (collaborative)Writing the research paper (collaborative/individual)Making the presentation (collaborative/individual)Presenting your research together (collaborative)If you're lucky, the professor will assign each group a research topic, but if not, then collectively agreeing on a research thesis can be a hard task unless the group has a passionate leader. Because all subsequent work is dependent on having a research topic, make sure to set a meeting time and decide on that as soon as possible. You can say, "I think it'd be good if we decide on a research topic as soon as possible. How about we meet Tuesday afternoon to discuss it? Is everyone free at that time?"At the first meeting, encourage every one list out ideas for possible topics. If you don't understand a topic, don't hesitate to ask about its meaning. Ask the group members if they can all agree on the most interesting topic or if they want to vote on the best ones. With the research topic in hand, start dividing the work. Strong group members will volunteer to take on certain tasks. This is a good time to talk about your strengths and weaknesses. For example, if you're not strong at writing, but you're good at making Powerpoint presentations, then volunteer to compile the presentation.Meet regularly (probably once a week) until the deadline. The last couple meetings should be reserved for practicing the presentation. Practicing as a group is important so that the group is familiar with the order of the speakers, the order of the topics, and how long each topic lasts. Usually there is a time limit to the presentation, so practicing will let the group know if changes need to be made to meet the time limit. All those factors help create the impression of a professional presentation. Also ask each other questions that the audience might have after viewing your presentation.If the group dynamics aren't working well (for example, if a group member is completely ignoring their responsibilities), it's important to address that sooner rather than later. First, ask if that group member needs help. Don't agree to do her or his work, but provide suggestions. If that doesn't change things for the better, go to office hours and talk to the professor. Tell the professor how the group has decided to divide the work, how one group member hasn't been contributing and what the rest of the group has already tried in order to motivate that person. This ensures that the professor will understand how to grade each member of the group.
12. Don't cheatAmerican universities take cheating very seriously. In many undergrad and graduate programs, getting caught cheating is an automatic failure in the class. But the transcript will show an XF, which stands for academic dishonesty, instead of the normal F for failing. Future employers and academic programs will all be able to see the XF when they review the transcript. Independence
13. CarUnless you live in New York City, cars are the way to get anywhere. You'll need a car to go shopping, to get to work, to go to the hospital, to go the movies, to go the park, to visit friends, to travel. When you move off-campus, you'll need them to get to class. Having a car really opens up options for internship opportunities. I'd recommend buying a used car from a certified dealer, such as Carmax. (If you're interested in buying a used car directly from an owner, then bring a trustworthy mechanic to inspect the car.) A car that's 3 to 5 years old can be $5,000 to $10,000 cheaper than a new car. Also, your car insurance rates will be much lower.Usually, when you buy something from a store in America, you simply pay the marked price, no haggling necessary. However, buying a car is one of the few commonly acceptable times to negotiate the price. If you're buying a new car, definitely bring along somebody who's bought a car before.
14. Credit cardA credit card is wonderfully convenient. But in addition to its convenience, it can help you establish your financial record by building consumer credit and a better credit score. Having more consumer credit and a good credit score will help you take out loans to purchase a car of a house. So how does consumer credit work?Very simply, each time you use your credit card for purchases, it almost like taking a small loan. The credit card company pays for the goods and then you pay back the credit card company later. At the end of the month, you have the option of paying off the month's credit card balance (and you definitely should) or pay interest on the balance. If you consistently pay off your credit card balance on time, then you're proving that you're financially reliable and your credit score will go up. Your credit score also increases if you make loan payments on time, such as student loans, car loans or home loans.The algorithms that determine your actual credit score are complicated and mostly proprietary, but you can read more about it on Wikipedia, .Flourish
15. Jobs and internshipsAmericans really value doing, over knowing. Generally, it's more impressive to have work experience and awards than to have a high GPA. That's why it's very important for international students to gain work experience, especially through internships. Usually, if an internship goes well, it's very simple to transition to a full-time position at the same company after graduation. Internship experience can also help you negotiate a higher starting salary.Internships are sometimes difficult to find, especially for international students. The standard way of finding an internship is to attend the career fair and submit resumes to recruiters. To me, this is a very difficult way to find a good internship because it's hard to differentiate yourself on a piece of paper.I've found that directly contacting a leader in the company you want to work for is a much better method. First, research the company's projects. Figure out which roles are very suitable for your skillset. Especially pay attention to the jobs that you naturally find fun or interesting because employers are always looking for people who are passionate about the work. Starting from the top of the organization, contact people who can make a hiring decision. This saves a lot of time, because if the CEO says 'Yes', then you're in.Try to 1) meet them in person if you can, 2) otherwise call them, 3) and as a last resort, email them.Explain that you've studied their company's projects and you're especially interested in a certain project.Ask them questions about the project you want to work on, "Could you explain Project X in more detail?" This helps convince them that you're genuinely interested.Ask to meet the team. This really shows that you're interested in the project and serious about the work.Hopefully, at the end of that exchange, you'll either have landed an interview or a perhaps even a verbal offer. Don't discuss salary un negotiating the salary also requires a lot of research and preparation and is a separate topic.
16. PartiesIf you've done a good job of assimilating into American society, you'll get invited to a college party sooner or later. These gatherings can range from mild drinking to unsafe debauchery. A couple reminders,The drinking age is 21. You can't purchase alcohol from a restaurant or bar if you're under 21. Sure, students under 21 drink and party all the time on campus, but why risk it.Don't drink and drive. Keep the roads safe for everyone. If you can't drive, ask a friend for a ride or call a cab.Remember that it's alright to politely refuse a drink. You can say anything from, "Nah, I'm going to take a break," to "Sorry, I don't like the taste of that."- - - - -As always, if you have the courage and patience to translate this into Chinese, then go for it! =PHowever, I might need to edit my answer in response to questions and I may ask people to help me update any translations.
以下包含许多干货，非常值得新同学研读。感谢
同学的提醒，已更新10，11。 原文，翻译如下。-------------------------------------------------------------------------------我并没有在美国留学，我在美国长大并且在中国留学。不过，我会给出我认为重要的建议。其他更细致的问题我会在评论里回答。以下是我希望我可以说给每个留学生的话，-------------------------------------------------------------------------I. 入乡随俗1. 联系工具很快，你就会认识帮助你的新朋友。如果他们是中国人，那么你可以继续使用以前的联系工具（QQ，微博，人人）。不过，我建议你去和美国人、别国留学生接触。如果你想和他们保持联系，你最好有以下工具手机手机，可能是最重要的联系方式。在美国，用手机发短信，和在中国一样流行。我知道，许多留学生带解锁的手机去美国，但是如果你没有，那么你需要买一部美国的手机。Gmail这里基本所有人都会使用Gmail。申请Gmail之后，你就有使用Gchat的权限。因为Gchat建立在Gmail之内，所以它是一个应用广泛的聊天工具。申请Gmail还会可以给你使用Google Docs的权限。你会发现在做集体项目的时候，Google Docs是个非常有用的合作工具。FacebookFacebook能有效的帮助你与你每天见的同学保持联系。而且，它是个帮助你记住人名的好地方。LinkedInLinkedIn相当于求职版Facebook。你LinkedIn上的个人资料页面相当于你的求职简历。2. 身份证明我遇到的大多数留学生，在考取驾照之前，把护照当他们的身份证使用。我觉得“不考驾照只能用护照”这种认识局限，使他们生活不必要的麻烦起来（除非你一来就计划买车并且考取驾照）。为了解决这种麻烦，首先，你需要社会安全号码(SSN)。社会安全号十分、十分重要：这个号码相当于中国的身份证号。在申请州内身份证，申请工作，以及报税的时候，社会安全号是必须的。这份来自社会安全局的文件 , , 解释了国际学生(F-1, M-1 or J-1签证持有者) 如何申请社会安全号。根据这份文件，学校如果允许持F-1签证的学生在校内外工作，这个学生就可以去申请社会安全号。为了找到合法工作，并且申请到社会安全号，你需要这些东西：F-1，M-1 或者 J-1 签证I-94表（来自机场的 抵达/离境记录）I-20表（来自学校的 合法学生身份证明）来自学校的 证明你的学生身份和工作资格的推荐信来自雇主的 雇用信关于工作资格的推荐信，你可以咨询你的法律顾问或者是学院顾问。至于雇用信，最简单的方式，应该是在学校内找一份工作。一旦你拿到社会安全号，你就可以申请州内的身份证了。每个州都有自己的身份证（ID卡)。ID卡看起来十分像驾照，但是它只能用于身份证明。（驾照则可同时用于驾驶证明和身份证明）。一张ID卡能有效方便你申请工作，银行开户，租房，买酒，等等。有了自己的ID卡，你就不需要带着你的护照出行了（没人想把护照弄丢）。外加你的学生证，在需要特别确认你身份的特殊情况，你就可以出示两种身份证明，增加可信度。3. 美国朋友最好的练习英语、学习美国文化的方式，是交个美国朋友。我总是看见，留学生聚集在他们自己国人的社交圈内。虽然中国人和中国人玩看起来顺其自然，又有意思。但是，你需要注意到这种社交模式，牺牲了什么东西：总是说中文，你没有机会练习英语美国人会因为你身边一大堆说中文的人被吓跑，不想接近你迅速交到说中文的朋友，你可能就此失去了接触美国人的动机不进入美国的朋友圈子意味这你会失去吸收美国文化的机会不进入美国的朋友圈子意味着你会失去拓展你职业圈子的机会在大学刚开始的几周，每个人都会很开放的去结交新朋友。在大多数情况下，如果你跟他们说话，他们就会跟你说话。每个人和新朋友吃饭，交到新朋友，一切有趣，而开放。但是，2-3周之后，人们就开始呆在他们自己的朋友圈子内。这个时候开始，进入他们的社交圈，变得越来越难。不要抱着学英语的心态和美国人交朋友。这样的友谊，显得太刻意。找到你真正喜欢的人，和他们出去玩，和他们做有趣的事。但是，交朋友并不意味着交心。在美国社交圈内，依照熟悉程度，朋友被大概分为以下的种类点头之交/同学/同事朋友的朋友朋友好朋友密友/家人交普通朋友和交心不是一回事。做普通朋友，意味着你们可以一起出去玩，但是彼此保有私人空间。举个栗子，一个和你一起出去玩的普通朋友，依然会想找时间和别人出去玩。当他们和你讨论私人话题，比如家庭住址和薪水的时候，依然会有顾忌。4. 饮食除非你住在一个有大量中国人的地区，不然，你很难找到好吃的中国菜。你越快适应美国的饮食文化，你的日子越好过。奶酪沙拉几乎所有美国食品，都带一点奶酪和奶油，甚至包括沙拉。你点任何东西，都可以选择不要奶酪，但是没有奶酪，许多菜就失去了口感和味道。习惯奶酪，能为你在美国饮食文化中开辟一片新天地。三明治比萨饼意粉美国人可以年复一年，日复一日，早餐到晚餐，只吃这三种东西，或者这三种东西的组合。比萨饼是大学里最便宜的食物。一般来说，组织群体活动的时候，主办方会提供免费比萨。5 室友合约许多学生会面临与室友的冲突。一份刚开始就达成的室友合约可以帮助你们减少误解，有效避免冲突的可能性。室友合约应该列出可能发生问题的情况，并且有解决方案针对不同问题。比如：室友想让同性/异性朋友过夜，该如何处理？房间的温度应该调在多少？放音乐或看电视应该调到多大声？清扫宿舍的时间表是什么？每个室友的联系方式是什么？如果你对某方面有非常强烈的要求（比如，你想让房间温度低一些），那么你不要出于客气而说你无所谓。违背你真实感受，去妥协，长此以往会造成困扰。你们不可能预见所有问题。所以，如果有什么意想之外、不舒服的情况发生，不要忽略它们，坐等它们再次发生。不要给自己催眠：“这不是什么大事”。如果真不是什么大事，你应该可以很轻松的反映给你室友并解决掉。尝试和你室友私下交流一次，说一说你的感受，并听一听他的感受。事先询问室友的意见，并让他们帮助你。记住，大多数时候，误解是冲突之源。消除误解，冲突便烟消云散。如果你们的冲突十分严重，那么去向你的宿舍管理员，或宿舍指导员，寻求帮助。6. 教堂以下可能看起像非正统的建议，但是这和宗教信仰无关。教会一直欢迎新加入者。只要你带着一个开放的思维去参加教会活动，你会发现很多乐于助人的人。他们真诚的想帮助你，所以，别因为他们的善良，去占他们的便宜。我建议你多去教会、佛教协会组织的社会活动。但是，我不建议你去参加周日的布道会。因为，布道的内容很难理解，并且，演讲的主题对不了解基督教的人，甚是无聊。当然，教堂的成员会尝试向你传教，向你介绍上帝和耶稣。这些是你提高英语的好机会。大声诵读圣经，帮助你提高阅读理解和发音。如果你不信教，你可以把圣经当做纯粹的文学作品去阅读。如果你今后不想去教会了，直接说你任务繁重，他们不会为难你。-------------------------------------------------------------------------II. 力学笃行7. 选课如果你想得到好成绩，选课的功劳占到一半。我觉得，许多中国学生会认为，“拿到好成绩”和“学到真本事”是两回事。好的选课技巧，可以帮助你兼顾这两点。刚开始的时候，你可能会有语言障碍，所以要注意去避免这个短板。在你选课时，你应该：避免大量阅读和写作的课程（文学，历史，经济，社会学，传媒，等等）选择一些包含你熟悉内容的课程（数学，生物，化学，物理）查询教授评级网站，比如 ，选择高分的教授。当你参加学校Orientation的时候，你会有机会去见你的课程顾问（academic advisor），他们可以帮助你选课。不要100%相信他们的建议！你该提前几周研究选课，开始选课。为什么？因为许多顾问会推荐大一学生跨领域广泛选课，以满足毕业核心课程要求。他们可能会建议你选一节数学课一节文学课（差评！）一节历史/经济课（差评！）一节科学课一节专业课看这份课程表。第一学期的五节课之中，有两节与你专业无关的课程，但是你会被那两门鸡肋课程搅的不得安宁。这两门基于英语读写的课程，会让你大量分心。在适应新文化的关键时期，没有人希望面对这样的压力。另一方面。如果这些读写课程只是为满足核心课程学分，一般来说，学校不对上课顺序做硬性要求。因此，你根本没必要第一学期就上它们。等到你大三或者大四，有更多英语基础后，你再处理这些课。你的大一课表应该看起来这样子：两节数学课两节科学课一节专业课我推荐科学课的原因是因为它们需要更少的英语读写，更别说，你可能以前就熟悉这些知识了。美国大学的初级科学课程，实际上就是中国高中的课程内容。如果班级已满，别担心，去加wait list。美国人最常用的招数是注册很多的课程，多到它们无法处理过来的课程，然后在开学几周内，drop掉一些他们不喜欢的。大学实际上推荐这种做法，因为他们希望学生去体验不同的课程。这也意味着，有些课，开学被挤爆，过两个礼拜之后，位子就会被空出。如果你在wait list上，在上课第一天就告诉教授，然后给教授送email，写上你的名字和学生号，并且解释你在wait list上，你想进班。然后，你继续像已经选进班的同学那样去上课。这样可以体现你想上这门课的诚意。两周过后，教授一般会把所有wait list上的学生正式加进课程。当我在念书的时候，我每个学期都有一节课在wait list上，教授最后没把我加进来的情况，我只碰到一次。但即使是那次没加进课，我和教授聊了聊之后，研究出了一种可以通过做独立研究项目，替代相关学分的方法，解决了学分的问题特别的小建议给计算机专业的同学：许多美国计算机专业学生，入校前就已经有了许多年的编程经验。正是因为如此，计算机入门课程的项目会比你想象的难。甚至面对这些略难的项目，那些有经验的学生可以不费吹灰之力搞定。这些学生的水平，实际不在入门课程的等级。不过，你不得不和他们一起上课。不要因为你花了一个礼拜搞定的项目，而他们就花了一天这种事，而沮丧。你是来这里学习的，不是来这里寻找存在感的。把计算机的课当做艺术课来上。对于那些没有编程经验的同学，书山有路，勤为径，代码不熟，做练习。（， 也是你的良师益友）8. 勤问问题教授都期待学生提出问题。如果，在课堂上没理解某样东西，或者你希望教授重复某项知识，你可以举手并且提问"Professor, could you repeat what you just said?"“教授，可以重复一下你刚刚说的吗？” "Professor, could you explain what X means?"“教授，可以解释一下X是什么意思吗？""Professor, could you give an example of X?"”教授，可以举出一个关于X的例子吗？“9. Office hours所有教授或者TA一定会在每周定下固定的一段Office hours，用于授业解惑。一般课程说明（syllabus）会注明office hour的时间和地点。把office hour的时间加到你的时间表里。从很多方面来说，office hours比课堂更重要。课堂上，教授主要是在给学生介绍教科书上的概念。office hour里，你可以问更多关于课堂资料和作业的细节问题。同时，和教授以及TA建立人际关系，十分、十分重要。更新：10. 学术论文如果你正在修人文学科的学位，论文是你的必需品——你几乎每天都需要写paper。甚至，即使你正在修科学学科的学位，你也需要写若干篇paper。理解论文题目，是开始写文章时最重要的一步。向教授寻求一些过去学生的范文，或者至少寻求一些他们写过的主题，这一步可以让你很好的了解教授的要求。你不必要在你的论文里包含一些新发现，而是你写的越符合教授的预期，你越容易拿到A。当你正在写论文的时候，边写边列出参考文献，对你更有帮助。如果你等到你写完再去填写参考文献，你可能很难记住你的哪一个观点是出自哪一篇文献。从一开始就填写，你的参考文献会自然而然的被完成。另一方面，当你想要更换你的论文主题时，不要犹豫。使用一个更好的论点，比你用一个弱爆的论点，和一个别扭的、为了论述而论述的论文，要好上太多。去老师的office hour， 询问老师对于论文主题有没有什么意见。实际上教授非常喜欢这样的讨论。他们能通过这样的过程来审视你的论点是否符合他们的要求。论文，当然越早开始越好。写作是非线性的过程。有时，段落与段落能自然的连接起来；有时，简单的一句话就是无法克服的干扰。一个有用的办法是——每天都写一句话。不管现在多晚了，或者这句话有多么的笨拙，写下来。如果这句话真的写的不好，那么晚些时候再去修改它。大多时候，这样的一句话，可以发展成一个段落，你也会比所有人，早一个礼拜完成你的论文。但是，写完一篇论文，只是完成一半的工程；修改文章也是非常重要的。美国的高中强调同学之间的互评。当你完成了文章的草稿，问问你的朋友或者同学是否愿意帮你阅读并修改。一个旁人的审视，能帮你很好的提升文章。另一个tip是充分运用校园里的writing center。这个大多由学生志愿者组成的服务机构，能帮你提高写作技巧，并且让有经验的写作者帮你修改。放开心去接受这个过程吧。有的时候，旁人能指出你论点的基本错误，或者质问你的论据是否能得出结论，耐心的消化这些建议，几乎能100%的提高你的论文。更新：11. 小组项目和一个小组一起做project，可能是一个最有挑战的作业。它需要组员同时有——优秀的沟通技巧，独立的工作素养，卓越的领导能力。美国的学生从小学就开始参与小组项目。随着年级的增长，他们的小组项目变得越来越复杂。正是因为有着如此丰富的小（tuo）组（yan）经（zheng）验，他们几乎不拖到最后一分钟不会开始做project。除非你也对自己十分自信，不然，不要和他们有一样的心理。在他们开始之前，你就应该开始着手做事，这样你才不会在最后压力山大。我那些关于在前两年选修数学和科学课程的建议，也一方面出于你可以在刚入学时避开小组project的考虑。数学和科学课程，一般不会有太多小组作业。而且，即使他们有，那些小组project也很容易被分工，并不需要有真正的交叉合作。每个组员都可以完成他们的那部分任务，最后将结果糅合。在人文课程中，小组project 往往是不一样的。完成project的过程可能包括形成论点（共同完成）进行论据的搜集（个人完成）在结论达成共识（共同完成）撰写学术论文（共同/个人完成）做学术演讲（共同/个人完成）演示你们的研究成果（共同完成）如果你很幸运，教授会给每个小组分配一个研究主题。如果没有，除非你们有一个很有决断力的领导，不然，在论点上达成共识，就是一个非常困难的任务。所有的后续工作，都是基于一个共同达成的研究主题，所以，最好确保你能尽早的和小组开会，决定这一点，你可以说“我觉得最好能尽早决定研究主题。我们礼拜二下午见个面，讨论一下，怎样？大家都有时间吗？“"I think it'd be good if we decide on a research topic as soon as possible. How about we meet Tuesday afternoon to discuss it? Is everyone free at that time?"在你们的第一次会议中，鼓励所有人都能头脑风暴，列出他们能想出的所有主题。如果你不理解某个主题，直接问他是什么意思，不要犹豫。问一问组员是否愿意在某一项主题上达成共识，或者用投票决定最好的那一个。当你们论点在手，你的强力队友就会自愿接手最重要的任务。这时是个阐明你的擅长与不擅长部分的好时机。比如，你不擅长写作，但是你很擅长制作幻灯片，你可以自发提议去完成演讲的部分。在project上交之前定时和小组见面（比如每周例会）。最后的几次会议，应该做一做关于演讲的练习。以小组为单位的练习，是非常重要的。因为这样，组员可以熟悉演讲者的顺序，演讲话题的顺序，以及每个话题的长度。演讲常常有时间的限制，练习可以让整个小组根据时间做出调整。注意好这些要点，可以帮助小组给听众留下一个专业的印象。你们还可以问一问彼此关于观众可能会提出的问题。如果小组合作不佳（比如一个组员完全忽视了他的责任），那么越早的提出这些问题越好。首先，问一问那一位组员是否需要帮助。不要答应帮他/她完成任务，只是提供建议。如果这样并没有改善状况，去office hour和教授谈一谈。告诉教授，你们小组的分工，这个组员不给力的表现，以及其他的小组成员的对TA已经尽力的无奈。这样可以确保教授给每个组员合适的分数。12. 别作弊作弊在美国的大学里是很严重的事情。很多本科和研究生的项目里，一旦抓到作弊，本门自动挂科。并且，成绩单上会显示XF，而不是F，以此表明你是因为学术欺诈，而不是因为普通原因，挂掉这门课。未来的雇主、科学院校、其他大学，都会在你成绩单上看见XF的记录。-------------------------------------------------------------------------III. 独立自主13. 车除非你住在纽约，车，是你出行的最佳方式。你要开着车，去购物，去上班，去医院，去看电影，去公园，去旅行，去找朋友耍。当你搬出宿舍之后，你还需要开着车，去上学。有一辆车，大大增加了你做实习的机会。14. 信用卡使用信用卡很便利。除了它的便利之外，它还能帮助你建立你的良好的信用记录和消费记录。有了更多消费记录和更好的信用记录，你可以拿到更好的房贷，更好的车贷。那么，信用记录是怎么建立的呢？很简单。每次你用你的信用卡消费的时候，你就相当于贷了一次小额贷款。信用卡公司帮你为商品付款。之后，你再还款给信用卡公司。在每月月末，你会有机会付清你一个月的信用卡贷款（而且你必须付清）和利息。如果你持续的按期还款，那么就证明你的经济稳定，你的信用分数就会增长。计算具体信用分数的算法十分复杂，几乎是专利。但是你可以从wiki了解更多相关知识 。-------------------------------------------------------------------------V. 得心应手15. 工作和实习美国人重实践，轻理论。总之，有工作经验和奖项比高GPA更让人印象深刻。这就是为什么留学生通过工作，特别是通过实习，获得工作经验，是十分重要的事。一般来说，如果一份实习进行的很顺利，毕业后在同公司转正成全职会很简单。实习经验还能帮助你和HR交涉，得到更高的薪水。实习，在某种程度上说，有些难找，特别是对于留学生。一般寻找实习的方法，是去参加学校的招聘会，把你的简历递交给招聘人员。但是，对于我来说，这是一个难以找到好实习的方法，因为，在薄薄的一张纸上，描绘自己整个人，很难啊。我发现，更好的方法是，直接联系你目标公司的领导首先，调查公司的现有项目找到你在项目能发挥特长、适合的角色。特别是注意那些你觉得很有趣的工作。雇主总是想雇佣一个能在工作中保持激情的员工，兴趣带来的激情，无需伪装。从公司组织最上端入切入，联系一个可以做留/走决定的人。这样可以节省大量时间。不管其他人，只要CEO说了“可以”，你，就可以。尝试着 1）和他们见面 2）不然，打电话给他们 3）最后手段，发email给他们解释你了解到的，公司项目的相关信息，突出你对这个项目特别的兴趣问一些关于项目的问题，“能不能更详细的解释一下项目X？” 这会帮助你给公司人员留下了 “我很感兴趣”的印象。要求和小组成员见面。这种行为，显示出你对项目真正有兴趣，并且打算认真对待这份工作。最理想的情况是，在交涉的最后，你得到一份面试机会，甚至是一份口头协议。直到第二次面试之前，不要讨论薪水。在交涉薪水问题之前，你需要大量相关研究和准备。况且，薪水和面试问题，是不同的话题。16. 派对如果你很好的融入了美国社会，你早晚会被邀请参加一个大学派对。这些派对，有喝酒聊天小聚会，也有大麻毒品性趴体。几点提醒：合法喝酒年龄为21岁。如果你低于21岁，你不能从酒吧或餐馆里购买酒精饮料。当然，目前，小于21岁的学生都放肆的在校园里喝酒，开趴体。但是，你何必冒这个风险呢。为了每个人的安全着想，不要醉酒驾驶。如果你不能开车，让朋友送你一程，或叫辆计程车。记住，拒酒是没问题的。你可以委婉的说，“今日鄙人略有不适，酒精暂免”，也可以强硬的说，“酒精之味向来不喜，对不起再见”。
见过电影里面人家的海。