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＞＞＞当今，很多青少年拥有手机，而越来越多的长辈因为晚辈在家庭聚会..
当今，很多青少年拥有手机，而越来越多的长辈因为晚辈在家庭聚会上只顾玩手机却不和他们聊天感到失落万分。请根据下图写一篇英语短文。内容要点如下： 1. 描述图画所反映的事件； 2. 对图中现象加以分析； 3. 针对这个现象提出建议。注意： 开头已写，不计入总词数；2. 考生可适当发挥，使文章内容充实、连贯；3. 词数120词左右It was Grandpa’s birthday party.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
题型：写作题难度：中档来源：不详
It was Grandpa’s birthday party.& It was not easy to have his children and grandchildren all back home together. But they just busied themselves in playing their cellphones, totally ignoring their grandpa, who let out a deep sigh and left the party.
There is no doubt that cellphones have a negative impact on our lives. Heavy use of cellphones actually widens the distance between teenagers and their elders, leaving the elders more lonely. Worse still, addition to cellphones might also leads to teenagers’ poor performance at school, which adds to elders’ worries.
As far as I’m concerned, it’s necessary to limit the time we spend using cellphones. And I attach great importance to communicating with our family members face to face, which helps build a harmonious family atmosphere.试题分析：题目要求根据所给图画写一篇英语短文，主要突出手机对青少年的影响。可以分三段来写。第一段客观描述图画所示现象；第二段分析这种现象出现的原因；第三段给出自己的建议。注意用第一人称进行写作，正确运用时态、从句、倒装等语法知识；注意单词拼写和标点符号的正确使用。【亮点说明】范文使用了固定句型：It was not easy to have his children；There is no doubt that...；it’s necessary to limit the time...等；范文注意使用But，Worse still，As far as I’m concerned来衔接前后句和上下文，使文章显得紧凑；范文使用了较多的定语从句：who let out a deep sigh and left the party；which adds to elders’ worries；we spend using cellphones；which helps build a harmonious family atmosphere等，语法知识运用灵活、得当；另外，范文还使用了较多的固定搭配：busied themselves in playing...；have a negative impact on our lives；leads to；attach great importance to communicating with...；face to face等，使文章内容充实，有说服力；范文还使用了现在分词短语totally ignoring their grandpa；leaving the elders more lonely作伴随状语。
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据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“当今，很多青少年拥有手机，而越来越多的长辈因为晚辈在家庭聚会..”主要考查你对&&图画作文&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
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因为篇幅有限，只列出部分考点，详细请访问。
图画作文的概念：
图画作文就是根据给出的一幅或几幅图画所提供的信息写短文。此类题的体裁较广泛，可以是 记叙文、说明文，也可以是议论文。图画式书面表达特点：
图画式书面表达是高考英语书面表达经常采用的形式，它是一种检查学生观察理解能力及语言运用能力的试题。主要特点有：1、试题提供一幅或一组图画及提示，考生围绕给定的主题写出若干句语境相符、语法正确、意思连贯的句子。2、此类题型关键是认真审题，从提示中了解所写的内容，列出提纲或拟个腹稿，然后分段表述，写出一篇脉络清晰、层次分明、文理通顺、意思连贯的短文。3、图画提示类作文涉及的题材比较广，可以是故事、新闻报道、地点介绍或说明，也可能是书信或日记等。&看图作文写作指导：
看图作文是以图画或图表来提供目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等场景，要求作者借助图画，通过联想将一组画面的直观内容转换成传神达意的文字形式，用于反映图中所表现的思想内容，从写作体裁上看，可说明介绍，可叙事记人，可写景状物，也可以发表议论。看图作文主要考查学生的观察能力、分析能力、想象能力、创造能力和语言表达能力。
1. 仔细审题:包括文体,人称,时态.// 理解到位：整体把握一组图的连贯性理解及题目要求。2. 归纳要点:保证文章内容的完整.// 基础到位：用简单句写出每幅图的主题句。3. 扩展成句:注意英语表达的习惯,根据提纲扩展句子.// 细节到位：注意每幅图的次要内容（时间，地点，方式，原因等）4. 连句成篇:利用一些表示转折,因果,选择等关系的关联词和过渡句,把句子连接起来.// 表达到位：按情节发展先后，承上启下整理成文。5. 全面检查:格式文体要点语法字数等，检查到位：对照各幅图，检查全文定稿。写作说明：　　　
要想写好图画式书面表达，同学们应注意以下几点：　　1、仔细审题。确定文体、时态及人称。&&&&& 看图书面表达以图画提供信息，但在汉语提示及“注意”中也蕴含着很重要的信息。如短文词数、文体及写作本文的原因或意图等。因此，在答题前一定要仔细审题，弄清文体、人称及所用时态。　　2、找全要点，兼顾图内图外内容。&&&&& 在动笔前，要认真读图、明确图示内容，把握好图中人物与人物、人物与地点、人物与画面以及图画内各部分的关系，以便做到既准确全面又详略得当。以多幅图作提示的，要注意图与图之间的关系，并注意图画内容的连续性及统一性(为统一主题服务，人称、时态等也要前后一致)；若是以一幅图作提示，则要弄清楚图画中所有内容的联系，明确哪些与主题有关，哪些与主题无关，从而确定哪些该详写、哪些该略写或不写。　　3、准确表达，尽量避免语法或拼写错误。&&&&& 把要点列出后，要善于把分散的要点用正确、简明、地道的语句进行表达，并按一定的逻辑关系连接。正确用好时态，单词拼写正确，避免汉语式英语等。同时注意调整好要点的出场顺序。4、仔细检查、修改。&&&&& 核对图中要点是否遗漏。时态、语态是否正确。文章句、段、篇是否连贯。单词大小写、拼写、标点符号是否准确无误。书写工整、美观，一篇好的作文不但要内容写的好，字迹也要美观、工整、漂亮。英语图画作文(Writing through Pictures)写作技巧：
一、看图作文的命题特点：看图作文就是依据图画所表现的情景，按照规定和要求进行写作。一般的看图作文就是就图说话：要求考生按照所给图画，通过合理的联想将一组画面的内容正确地表达出来。看图作文的命题形式可以多样化，即根据图画，要求学生写一篇日记，一封书信，一则通知，一篇记叙文或一篇说明文等；要求学生把一幅或几幅内容连续的图画有条理、有层次地再现出来。此题旨在考查学生的观察能力、分析能力、想象能力、创新能力以及遣词造句、组句成篇的书面表达能力。二、看图作文的准备过程：1、正确理解提示和要求。一般情况下，看图作文在提供图画的同时也附带有简要的文字提示，我们可以利用文字提示去正确地理解图意，得到要点。切忌孤立地看图而忽视文字提示。2、确定体裁格式。根据图片内容确定好题材与体裁，弄清是写人还是写景，是说明还是叙事，是书信还是日记或其他应用文体。3、确立人称。清晰把握作文的人称线条，切不可上下矛盾，混淆不清。4、确定时态和语态。弄清所要叙述的内容事实是已然、未然还是正在进行，从而确立主体时态。5、看懂图意；切中题意。正确理解图画的基本事实，并根据每幅画之间的联系，弄清要表达的主题和梗概。6、展开想象。仔细观察细节（图画中的人物、事件、地点、环境、时间、动作等），依据图画细节对画面的内容加以想象、扩充或补充。三、看图作文的基本步骤：1、列出要点。明确写作的具体内容，仔细寻找全部要点，做到要点无遗漏。2、依据内容要点，选择确立可供自己使用的熟悉词汇、短语和句型。做到“不求难，不求异，只求准”。3、将要点译成基本句子。尽量用熟悉、简单的结构表达，避免因用大量的长句和复合句而造成的语法错误。忌用汉语思维生造句子。4、按一定的时间、空间及逻辑顺序或情节发展对基本句子进行有序的排列组合。5、适当增加细节，运用适当的连接过渡词将句子连接成文。6、细心检查错漏：检查人称和主谓是否一致；检查时态和语态是否正确，检查语句和措词是否恰当；检查拼写和标点是否无误；检查内容要点是否齐全。四、看图作文切莫违犯以下八忌： 1、格式不对；2、要点遗漏；3、时态混乱；4、单词错误； 5、离题发挥；6、中式英语；7、标点滥用；8、书写马虎。五、常用句型：1、描述图片：As（正如）we can see in the picture, ...2、谈到现象：Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern that...3、陈述理由：The reasons are as follows.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& In the first place / to begin with, ...&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& What's more / Inaddition, ...&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Last but not the least, ...4、陈述自己的观点：As far as I am concerned,...&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &In my opinion, I hold the view that…&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &Based on the above reasons,...&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &From what has been discussed above, we may arrive at the conclusion that...
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The Teams Four teams of two debaters participate in each British Parliamentarydebate round. The teams supporting themotion are referred to as the "Proposition." The teams arguingagainst the motion are known as the "Opposition" teams. Two teams represent the Proposition: theOpening Proposition and the Closing Proposition. Two teams represent the Opposition: theOpening Opposition and the Closing Opposition. Each of these teams competes against all other teams in the round andwill be ranked 1st through 4th at the conclusion of thedebate.Opening Proposition Opening OppositionClosing PropositionClosing Opposition2. Speaker OrderEach speaker will present a single speech in the order prescribedbelow.SpeakerCommon Titles for SpeakerTimeOpening Proposition Team, 1st speaker"Prime Minister" or “Leader of the Proposition”7 minutesOpening Opposition Team, 1st speaker "Leader of the Opposition" 7 minutesOpening Proposition Team, 2nd speaker"Deputy Prime Minister" or "Deputy Leader of the Proposition"7 minutesOpening Opposition Team, 2nd speaker"Deputy Leader of the Opposition" 7 minutesClosing Proposition Team, 1st speaker "Member of the Proposition" "7 minutesClosing Opposition Team, 1st speaker"Member of the Opposition"7 minutesClosing Proposition Team, 2nd speaker"Proposition Whip" 7 minutesClosing Opposition Team, 2nd speaker"Opposition Whip" 7 minutes3. Speech timingEach speech will be 7 minutes. Points of Information are allowed after the first minute and before thelast minute of all speeches.Timing of the speech begins whenthe spe all material—including acknowledgements,introductions, etc.—will be timed. Atimekeeper will provide a series of signals during each speech as follows:TimingSignal1:00Single ring of a bell (POIs allowed)6:00Single ring of a bell (POIs no longer allowed)7:00Double ring of a bell (Conclusion of speaking time)7:15Continuous ringing (Conclusion of grace period)Once the double ring has sounded, speakers have a 15-second ‘grace period’, during which they should conclude their remarks. The grace period is not a time for new matter to be introduced, and any new matter offered in the grace period may be discounted by the adjudicators. Speakers continuing after this ‘grace period’ may be penalized by the adjudication panel.4.Speaker RolesEach speaker has a role and each speech has a specific purpose. The descriptions of speaker roles listed below are suggestive and are not intended to be exhaustive or exclusive. For reasons that vary from debate to debate, speakers may sometimes need to fulfill roles not mentioned here and speeches may be constructed to serve other purposes as long as Proposition speakers affirm the motion and Opposition speakers oppose it. All speakers, except the final speakers for the Proposition and Opposition (Proposition and Opposition Whips), should introduce new material. All debaters should refute the opposing teams’ arguments, except the Prime Minister.SpeakerRole and Responsibility"Prime Minister" or "Leader of the Proposition”The first speaker's responsibility is to present a case supporting the motion. The primary role of Opening Proposition team, initiated in this speech, is to establish the foundation for meaningful debate on the motion.“Leader of the Opposition" The Opening Opposition's primary team role is to counter the first Proposition team's case through direct or indirect refutation and/or provide substantive arguments against the motion. "Deputy Prime Minister" This speaker should refute the Leader of the Opposition's speech, and further develop the Opening Proposition team's case."Deputy Leader of the Opposition" This speaker supports his or her teammate, answering objections from the other side and introducing additional arguments or support."Member of the Proposition" This speaker should support the position developed by the Opening Proposition team by introducing an extension. A successful extension will develop a distinct argument identity for the Closing Proposition team while supporting the Opening Proposition team. The Member of the Proposition may also refute the arguments made by the Deputy Leader of the Opposition."Member of the Opposition" This speaker should support the position developed by the Opening Opposition team and must also introduce an extension. As with the Member Proposition, the Member Opposition’s extension will be most successful if it establishes a unique argument identity that distinguishes the Closing from the Opening Opposition while continuing the general direction of argument initiated by the Opening Opposition. The Member Opposition may also directly or indirectly refute the arguments of the Member Proposition."Proposition Whip" This speaker summarizes the Proposition’s arguments and summarizes the refutation of the Opposition side. With the exception of refuting the Member Opposition’s extension, the speaker should not introduce positive (new) matter."Opposition Whip" This speaker summarizes opposition to the extension and makes reply to each team's position in the debate. This speaker should not introduce positive (new) matter.5.The MotionsA single motion will be announced thirty minutes prior to the beginning of the debate and will be presented to all debaters simultaneously in a general assembly. A different motion will be used for each round.Motions typically focus on current issues or timeless controversies and are phrased in a way that is intended to be specific and unambiguous.6.Focus and content of debatesBritish Parliamentary debating is a contest of ideas in which the Proposition teams are responsible for providing reasons why the motion is true and the Opposition teams are responsible for providing reasons why the motion is not true or why the Proposition has failed to prove the motion true. All teams have a responsibility to refute, either directly or indirectly, arguments presented by the opposing side.Motions are written in plain language. The debaters—particularly the Opening Proposition team—should respect the meaning and focus of the motion. While the Opening Proposition team may clarify the meaning of terms in the motion, they should not attempt to alter the meaning of the motion. The Leader of the Proposition should provide any clarification of terms at the beginning of his or her speech.In the majority of cases, the clarification provided by the Opening Proposition team will serve as an adequate foundation for the rest of the debate. Should the Opening Proposition fail to make clear the focus of the debate, or if the interpretation offered by the Opening Proposition team completely inhibits meaningful debate or completely misinterprets the meaning the motion, the Opening Opposition may offer clarification of the terms of the motion. No teams beyond the Opening Proposition and Opening Opposition may substantially modify the terms of the motion. 7.PreparationAll debates shall commence 30 minutes after the motion has been announced. Debaters may consult any written materials during the preparation time. Except for the designated CASIO electronic dictionary, no access to other electronic media or electronic storage or retrieval devices is permitted after motions have been released. Printed and prepared materials may be accessed during a debate.Debaters may confer with their debate partner during preparation time. Debaters may also confer with one tutor from their university during the preparation time.Debaters may not confer with any other individuals (i.e.: coaches, other debaters, trainers, adjudicators, etc.) during the preparation time.The Opening Proposition shall have the right to prepare in the debating venue. All other teams must prepare in separate locations.Teams must arrive at their chamber within five minutes of the time of commencement of debate. Teams failing to arrive in time will forfeit the debate, at the discretion of the Chair of the panel.8.Points of InformationDebaters may request a point of information (either verbally or by rising) at any time after the first minute, and before the last minute, of any speech.The debater holding the floor may accept or refuse any points of information within this time. If accepted, the debater making the request has fifteen seconds to make a statement or ask a question. During the point of information, the speaking time of the floor debater continues. Management of Points of Information—for both the debaters offering and answering Points of Information—will be considered in the adjudicators’ ranking of teams and assignment of individual speaker points.No other parliamentary points such as points of order or points of personal privilege are allowed.Competition Administration1.Structure of the competitionThe Competition shall be run in two main phases: phase one, known as the ‘Preliminary’ rounds and phase two, known as the ‘Elimination’ rounds. There shall be one mock round, eight Preliminary rounds and four Elimination rounds. All teams entered in the Competition shall participate in the Preliminary rounds. Only the top 32 teams will participate in the Elimination rounds.2.The Mock RoundThe mock round will be held as part of the training for the FLTRP Cup. The pairing of the mock round will be random and the results of the mock round will not count for the Preliminary or Elimination rounds.3.Pairing the Preliminary RoundsIf the total number of teams entered in the Competition is not divisible by four, or during the Competition the withdrawal of teams results in a total number of teams not divisible by four, the tournament administrators shall employ “swing teams” to fill vacant slots. The swing teams shall be ranked in each round relative to the teams against whom they compete (i.e.: if a swing team is the best team in a round they should be ranked 1st) but will be ineligible to advance to the Elimination rounds.The first round of the Competition will be paired randomly.At the conclusion of each preliminary round (except for the last round) teams shall be ranked in order of their aggregate team points acc from highest aggregate to lowest. The teams should then be divided up into pools of teams with the same amount of aggregate team points, with pools being ranked from highest aggregate to lowest.If any pool (the “Upper Pool”) consists of an amount of teams equivalent to a number that is not divisible by four, then teams from the pool ranking immediately below that pool (the “Lower Pool”) may be promoted to the Upper Pool so that the Upper Pool consists of a number of teams that is divisible by four. The team selected for promotion must be selected randomly from the Lower Pool. If promotion of a team to the Upper Pool results in a number of teams in the Lower Pool not divisible by four, each consecutive pool should be adjusted in the same fashion until all pools have a number of teams divisible by four. Once the pools have been adjusted, the pools are paired into debates of four teams in such a way that equalizes the team positions in which each team will debate. The pairing should promote, to the greatest extent possible, equality of distribution of team positions over the Preliminary rounds. Preliminary rounds 1-6 shall be “open adjudication,” with oral adjudications given by the adjudication panel following each debate. Preliminary rounds 7 & 8 shall be “closed,” with no oral adjudication (including any disclosure of the results of the round) permitted.3.Selection of teams for the Elimination RoundsAt the conclusion of the Preliminary rounds, the teams shall be ranked in order according to 1) their aggregate team points from the eigh 2) their aggregate team scores, as determined by combining the individual speaker scores
3) head-to-head matches between two t and 4) preponderance of first place rankings. If, after these tie-breakers are applied, a tie still exists, the rankings of the tied teams shall be determined by drawing lots. The top thirty-two (32) teams ranked by this method shall be selected to compete in the Elimination rounds.4.Pairing of Elimination RoundsThere shall be four elimination rounds: Octofinals, Quarterfinals, Semifinals and Finals. Each Elimination round shall be paired by “folding” the bracket of the top 32 teams as determined by their aggregate team points. For example, the first Octofinal round would be comprised of the teams ranked 1st, 16th, 17th and 32nd. The second Quarterfinal round would be comprised of the teams ranked 2nd, 15th, 18th and 31st, and so on.5.Advancement of teams through elimination roundsAt the conclusion of each Elimination round debate (with the exception of the Final round), the adjudication panel shall select two of the four teams to advance to the next Elimination round. Those teams assume the highest rankings available in their room (i.e.: for the purposes of ranking, the two teams to emerge from the first Octofinal round will be ranked 1st and 16th, regardless of their ranking prior to the Octofinal round).For the Final round, the adjudication panel shall select one Championship team. All other teams in the Final round will be designated “Finalists.”6.Access to debatesIn preliminary rounds, observers may watch a debate round with the consent of the teams participating in the round. Similarly, those interested in photographing or recording video of the preliminary rounds must obtain the consent of the debaters participating in the round.Elimination rounds are open to all observers subject to the restrictions of the tournament administration and the constraints of the debating venue.7.Tabulation staffA tabulation staff shall be appointed and shall be responsible for the pairing and scheduling of the tournament according to the provisions spelled out in the Charter.Adjudication1.The Adjudication staffIn general, the Chief Adjudicator is responsible for monitoring the quality and efficacy of adjudication at the competition. Specifically, the Chief Adjudicator will participate in the training of adjudicators, administer and mark the adjudication test, rank adjudicators, oversee the placement of adjudicators into panels, oversee on-going evaluation of the adjudicators in the pool, identify the pool of Elimination Round adjudicators and Chair the Final Round. The Chief Adjudicator may select a number of Deputy Chief Adjudicators to assist with these responsibilities.The adjudication pool may be comprised of guest adjudicators, independent adjudicators, and others as deemed qualified by the Adjudication staff.The tutor from each university must serve as an adjudicator for the competition.2.The role of the adjudicatorsPrior to the competition, adjudicators should be ranked as either “Chairs,” “Panelists” or “Trainees.” Each debate should be adjudicated by at least one “Chair” level adjudicator. Ideally, each debate will be adjudicated by a panel comprised of one “Chair” and two “Panelist” level adjudicators.Each Preliminary round will be judged by panel comprised of an odd number of adjudicators, typically 3. Each Elimination round will be judged by a panel of adjudicators comprised of an odd number of adjudicators, typically 5. Each panel will have a designated Chair. Panels may include Trainee adjudicators who will participate in the deliberation of the debate but will not have their decision recorded. Following each round, the debaters will be dismissed and the each adjudicator must confer upon and discuss the debate with the other adjudicators to determine the rankings of the teams and determine the individual speaker marks. The panel will attempt to reach consensus in their adjudication. Should the panel be unable to reach consensus, the will of the majority of adjudicators on the panel will prevail. 3.The role of the ChairThe Chair will be responsible for administering the round (calling the house to order, acknowledging the speakers, maintaining order, etc.). Following the debate, the Chair should facilitate the panel’s deliberation to promote participation and input from the other panelists.Following the deliberation, the Chair should complete the ballot provided by the tournament administrators, noting particularly that the ballot accurately reflects the will of the panel with regard to team rankings and speaker scores. The ballot should be returned to the tournament staff prior to the oral adjudication. Once the ballot has been delivered, the Chair should invite the debaters back into the venue and provide an oral adjudication to the teams.Ranking teams in Preliminary RoundsFollowing each Preliminary round and as a result of the adjudication panel’s consideration, teams should be ranked from 1st place to 4th place. Ties in rank are not permitted.Teams automatically may receive 4th when they fail to arrive at the debate more than five minutes after the scheduled time for debate. Teams automatically may receive 4th place where the adjudicators unanimously agree that the team or one member of a team has harassed another debater on the basis of religion, sex, race, color, nationality, sexual orientation or disability. In any case, the debate should continue to provide all teams in the round the opportunity to earn a rank.Teams should be ranked on the basis of their matter and manner.Matter refers to the content and substance of a team’s arguments. Matter includes arguments and reasoning, evidence, examples, case studies, facts, statistics and any other material that a team uses to further the case. Matter includes both positive (or substantive) material and refutation (arguments specifically aimed to counter the arguments of the opposing team(s)).Matter should be relevant, logical and consistent. It should relate to the issues of the debate: positive material should support the case being presented and refutation should engage the material presented by the opposing team(s). Arguments should be developed logically in order to be clear and well reasoned and therefore plausible. The conclusion of all arguments should support the member’s case. Members should ensure that the matter they present is consistent within their speech, their team and the remainder of the members on their side of the debate. All members should present positive matter (except the final two members in the debate) and all members should engage in refutation (except the first member in the debate). The Government Whip may choose to present positive matter if it is relevant to refuting the Member of the Opposition’s extension.Manner refers to the strategy and presentation of a team’s arguments. Manner includes elements such as argument choice, speech structure, vocal and physical delivery, use of POIs, and so forth.Manner should enhance the team’s effort to prove or disprove the motion and should be compelling. To enhance their effort, the team should appropriately prioritize and apportion time to the dynamic issues of the debate, present their arguments in an order that is clear and logical, engage the arguments of the opposing side through direct or indirect refutation. Compelling manner is that which presents the material in a way that demonstrates a concern for vocal and physical presentation. Compelling teams deliver arguments with appropriate levels of passion, present their material in a way that attends to appropriate vocal and physical delivery, and avoid behaviors that detract from the force and effectiveness of their arguments.This description of matter and manner is necessarily incomplete. The adjudication panel should assess the totality of each team’s efforts (including, but not limited to, matter and manner) to achieve a just and fair decision. Participants in FLTRP CUP must be aware that they will experience many different debating styles from the different universities and experience levels represented therein. There is no single ‘correct’ or ‘right’ style to adopt in this competition. 1.Assigning speaker scoresAfter the adjudicators have agreed upon the ranking for each team, the panel should determine the speaker scores for each debater. Individual speaker scores should be assigned as follows, where a score of 75 would reflect an average effort at the tournament. PointsMeaning90-100 Excellent to flawless. The standard of speech you would expect to see from a speaker at the Grand Final level of the tournament. This speaker has many strengths and few, if any, weaknesses.80-89 Above average to very good. The standard you would expect to see from a speaker at the semi finals level or in contention to make to the finals. This speaker has clear strengths and some minor weaknesses.70-79 Average. The speaker has strengths and weaknesses and roughly equal proportions.60-69 Poor to below average. The team has clear problems and some minor strengths.50-59 Very poor. This speaker has fundamental weaknesses and few, if any, strengths.The aggregate of the two team members’ individual speaker scores will comprise their team’s team score. Each team must receive a team score appropriate to thei no “low point wins” may be assigned.For example, if the 2nd place team in the round is assigned an aggregate team score of 170 points, the 1st place team must receive at least 171 aggregate points. Ties in team scores are not permitted.2.DeliberationsThe deliberations of the adjudication p only the members of the adjudication panel and the timer may remain in the room for the panel’s deliberation. Trainee adjudicators may participate in the deliberation but shall not have their opinion recorded.All notes made of the round or the deliberation are the sole property of the adjudicators. The adjudicators may not be compelled to make available their notes of the round or the deliberation. Adjudicators should confer in a spirit of cooperation and mutual respect. The panel’s deliberations should not exceed 15 minutes.3.Oral AdjudicationFollowing the adjudication panel’s deliberation and after the ballot has been returned to the tournament staff, the Chair should offer the teams an oral adjudication that reveals the teams’ rankings, the reason for the panel’s decision and comments and suggestions for improvement. Team points should not be revealed during an oral adjudication.Other panelists may participate in the oral adjudication at their discretion and as time permits. The oral adjudication should not exceed 10 minutes.Debaters must not harass the adjudicators following the verbal adjudication.Debaters may approach an adjudicator for further clarification following t these inquiries must at all times be polite and non-confrontational.Oral adjudications shall be offered only in the Mock round and Preliminary rounds 1-6.4.Adjudication in Elimination Rounds In the Octofinal, Quarterfinal and Semifinal Elimination Rounds, the adjudication panels shall select two teams from each debate to advance to the next Elimination Round. In the Final Elimination Round, the adjudication panel shall select a single team as the “Champion” all other teams in the Final Round shall be designated “Finalists” without a ranking.The Semifinal and Final Round adjudication panels may be comprised, in part, of guest adjudicators. If guest adjudicators are used, they should be familiar with the format of debating and the rules of the competition as expressed in the Charter. In all cases, the number of Chair-level adjudicators should be greater than the number of guest adjudicators on the adjudication panel.Grievance Policy1.Constitution of the Grievance CommitteeThe Grievance Committee will be comprised of two members: one representative from the International Debate Education Association and one representative from the FLTRP. The Chief Adjudicator and the Convenor will act as an ex officio members of the Grievance CommitteeThe Grievance Committee will be responsible for hearing, investigating and resolving grievances brought by the participants in the FLTRP Cup.2.Definition of a GrievanceA grievance is an allegation of a rule violation or a breech of conduct on the part of (a) participant(s), competitor(s) or judge(s) in the FTLRP Cup. Grievances concern errors in the process of administering or contesting the round.Adjudicators’ decisions about substantive issues debated in the round are not subject to the grievance policy. With the exception of those decisions that are the product of some defect in procedure, the decision of the adjudicator(s) will not be overturned.To be valid, a grievance must be filed in writing with the Grievance Committee.Any matter may be discussed informally with the Chief Adjudicator or the Convenor prior to a participant filing a grievance.3.Processing a GrievanceFiling a Grievance A grievance should be filed as soon as possible after the event that gave rise to the grievance. In general, the grievance committee will not consider grievances that address events from a round immediately previous after the subsequent round has begun.The written grievance should contain the following informationa. Name, role (debater, coach, tutor, adjudicator, etc.) and university affiliation of the participant filing the grievance.b. Date, time, location and round in which the event that gave rise to the grievance occurred.c. Participants who observed or participated in the event that gave rise to the grievance.d. A brief description of the event that gave rise to the grievance.e. Identification of the section of the FLTRP Cup Charter that allegedly was violated.f. The remedy sought by the participant who filed the grievanceUpon receiving a written grievance, the Grievance Committee may interview the grievant(s).If the Grievance Committee feels an investigation is warranted, they shall move the grievance to the investigation stage.If the Grievance Committee feels that no further investigation is warranted, they shall declare the grievance dismissed.Investigating a GrievanceThe Grievance Committee may interview any participant whom they believe will help them understand the events that gave rise to the grievance.Interviews of participants may be conducted in private.The Grievance Committee may review any documents they believe will help them understand the events that gave rise to the grievance.The investigation phase of the grievance processing should be concluded as soon as possible.Resolving a GrievanceThe Grievance Committee has broad discretion when deciding how a grievance will be resolved.In general, the resolution for a grievance will be focused on preventing the circumstances that caused the grievance from arising again.A written notice of the decision of the Grievance Committee shall be provided to the Chief Adjudicator and the Convener, with copies to the affected participants.4.Finality of Decision: Any decision of the grievance committee is final and may not be appealed.Compiled by Steven L. Johnson. August, 2009.This Charter relies, in part, on material adapted from the following sources:The Constitution of the World Universities Debating ChampionshipsThe World Universities Debating Championships RulesThe International Debate Education Association’s Four-Team Debate Rules
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