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雅思阅读难点解析Cambridge IELTS 6: Test 1
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chniques according to whether the writer states they　　Aare currently exclusively used by Australians　　Bwill be used in the future by Australians　　Care currently used by both Australians and their rivals　　9. sensors　　按照对应扫描的查读方式,在D段中出现了‘With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete‘s clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete‘s ability to run.‘.在判断是否是澳洲/其他国家目前/将来在使用这种技术时,考生的目光自然转向了涉及到地点的Melbourne ,但若此时一味求速度而草率作答,则是不可取的.应充分注意到上文还有‘With the…‘,从而返回前文阅读,上文中出现了AIS, 而由第一段得知AIS是指 the Australian Institute of Sport, 方可确定答案为:B　　在的第三种题型Short Answer 中,Question 12也成为了一部分同学的拦路虎.　　12. What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?　　在进行短答题时,首先需明白答案的类属,是什么性质的内容;其次要了解其根本特征.上述问句中 produced 和plan分别揭示了这2方面的内容.What is produced 说明是一种产品或技术, plan 说明是在赛事前的准备阶段.　　返回原文查读,在E段中不仅有特殊符号的‘competition model‘引人注意,还出现了well before, 来应对题目中plan 所揭示的内容.细读全句:Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‘competition model‘, based on what they expect will be the winning times.　　该题的特点是学生必须能理解其中的同意代换,才能做出正确的答案.上文中before和prepare 是对题目中plan的代换,championship （锦标赛） 是题目中event（赛事）的代换produced 在文章中体现为developing, 这样以来,what is produced 就昭然若揭了:a ‘competition model‘.　　总而言之,考生在应对每篇文章的不同题型时,除了需加强实力外,还需掌握一些应对策略,在使用这些策略时又不可以过于刻板,有时不仅需要‘同题异做‘（另案讨论）,还需考虑到一篇passage 里面不同题型的先后解题顺序,以便在有效的时间里最大限度地优化成绩,而所有上述这些要领的把握都需要实践练习来巩固.　　下 篇　　剑桥真题六中Test 1的Passage 2（Delivering The Goods）无论在本次考试的三篇文章中还是雅思整体考试的平均水平中都算是难度不低,一方面是因为涉及到海上运输的具体细节,不是每一位同学都能熟悉这个话题并很快适应;另一方面是题目的题型所带来的难度,其中2种难度较高的题型Matching 和带有box的Summary 都出现了,下面将就出现的难点做一解析.　　当考生注意到这篇文章后面的三种不同的题型时,应该意识到要将做题顺序做一调整.通常对于大多数考生而言,尤其是中国大陆的考生,对于细节判断题的TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN 领悟较好,所以应考虑先做,这样不仅合理地争取了时间,也利于&&&&&4&&&&
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IELTS6 TEST1
SECTION 1 &Questions 1-10
Questions 1-4
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Notes on sports club
&Example&&&&&&&&&&&&& Answer
&Name of club:&&&&& &&&Kingswell
　Facilities available: Golf
　　&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1.......................
　　&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2.......................
Classes available: & &&Kick-boxing
　　&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 3.......................
　Additional facility:&4....................... (restaurant opening soon)
Questions 5-8
Complete the table below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO NUMBERS for each answer.
MEMBERSHIP SCHEMES
facilities
subscription
5￡..............
6￡....................
from 7 .......to........
Restricted
from 10.30 to 3.30
weekdays only
8￡................
Questions 9 and 10
Complete the sentences below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
9 To join the centre, you need to book an instructor's ................... .
10 To book a trial session, speak to David.................... ().
SECTION 2 &Questions 11-20
Questions 11-16
What change has been made to each part of the theatre?
Choose SIX answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G, next to questions 11-16.
RIVENDEN CITY THEATRE
A &doubled in number
B &given separate entrance
C &reduced in number
D &increased in size
E &replaced
F &strengthened
G &temporarily closed
Part of the theatre
11 &box office & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&&&
12 &shop & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&&&&
13 &ordinary seats & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&&&&
14 &seats for wheelchair users & & & & & & & & &&&&
15 &lifts & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&&&&
16 &dressing rooms & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&&&
Questions 17-20
Complete the table below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Starting time
Tickets available
Royal Hunt
of the Sun
October 13th to
17..................
18.................. pm
for 19..................
and.....................
20￡.................
SECTION 3 &Questions 21-30
Question 21
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
What is Brian going to do before the course starts?
A &&attend a class
B&& write a report
C& &read a book
Questions 22-25
Complete the table below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
College Facility
Information
inform them 22................ about special dietary requirements
23................
long waiting list，apply now
Careers advice
drop-in centre for information
Fitness centre
reduced 24................ for students
includes books，journals，equipment room containing audio-visual materials
ask your 25................ to arrange a password with the technical support team
Questions 26-30
Complete the summary below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
Business Centre
The Business Resource Centre contains materials such as books and manuals to be used for training. It is possible to hire 26................... and 27................... .There are materials for working on study skills (e.g. 28..........) and other subjects include finance and 29...................&.
30................... membership costs ￡50 per year.
SECTION 4 &Questions 31-40
Questions 31-37
Complete the table below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
Social history of the East End of London
1st-4th centuries
Produce from the area was used to 31................ the people of London.
5th-10th centuries
New technology allowed the production of goods made of 32................ and................ .
11th century
Lack of 33................ in the East End encouraged the growth of businesses.
16th century
Construction of facilities for the building of 34................ stimulated international trade.
Agricultural workers came from other parts of 35................ to look for work.
17th century
Marshes were drained to provide land that could be 36................ on.
19th century
Inhabitants lived in conditions of great 37................ with very poor sanitation.
Questions 38-40
Choose THREE letters, A-G.
Which&THREE&of the following problems are mentioned in connection with 20th century housing in the East End?
　　A&& unsympathetic landlords
　　B&& unclean water
　　C&& heating problems
　　D &&high rents
　　E&& overcrowding
　　F &&poor standards of building
　　G&& houses catching fire
Questions 1-7
Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
NB&&& You may use any letter more than once.
a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports
an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations
a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity
how some AIS ideas have been reproduced
how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated
an overview of the funded support of athletes
how performance requirements are calculated before an event
Questions 8-11
Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states they
&&&A&&&are currently exclusively used by Australians
&&&B&& will be used in the future by Australians
&& C&&&are currently used by both Australians and their rivals
Write the correct letter, A,B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.
protein tests
altitude tents
Questions 12 and 13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.
What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?
By how much did some cyclists' performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?
READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.
&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& DELIVERING THE GOODS&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
The vast expansion in international trade owes much to a revolution in the business of moving freight
A& & International trade is growing at a startling pace. While the global economy has been &&&expanding at a bit over 3% a year, the volume of trade has been rising at a compound annual rate of about twice that. Foreign products, from meat to machinery, play a more important role in almost every economy in the world, and foreign markets now tempt businesses that never much worried about sales beyond their nation's borders.
B& & What lies behind this explosion in international commerce? The general worldwide decline in trade barriers, such as customs duties and import quotas, is surely one explanation. The economic opening of countries that have traditionally been minor players is another. But one force behind the import-export boom has passed all but unnoticed: the rapidly falling cost of getting goods to market. Theoretically, in the world of trade, shipping costs do not matter. Goods, once they have been made, are assumed to move instantly and at no cost from place to place. The real world, however, is full of frictions. Cheap labour may make Chinese clothing competitive in America, but if delays in shipment tie up working capital and cause winter coats to arrive in spring, trade may lose its advantages.
C& & At the turn of the 20th century, agriculture and manufacturing were the two most important sectors almost everywhere, accounting for about 70% of total output in Germany, Italy and France, and 40-50% in America, Britain and Japan. International commerce was therefore dominated by raw materials, such as wheat, wood and iron ore, or processed commodities, such as meat and steel. But these sorts of products are heavy and bulky and the cost of transporting them relatively high.
D& & Countries still trade disproportionately with their geographic neighbours. Over time, however, world output has shifted into goods whose worth is unrelated to their size and weight. Today, it is finished manufactured products that dominate the flow of trade, and, thanks to technological advances such as lightweight components, manufactured goods themselves have tended to become lighter and less bulky. As a result, less transportation is required for every dollar's worth of imports or exports.
E& & To see how this influences trade, consider the business of making disk drives for computers. Most of the world's disk-drive manufacturing is concentrated in South-east Asia. This is possible only because disk drives, while valuable, are small and light and so cost little to ship. Computer manufacturers in Japan or Texas will not face hugely bigger freight bills if they import drives from Singapore rather than purchasing them on the domestic market. Distance therefore poses no obstacle to the globalisation of the disk-drive industry.
F && This is even more true of the fast-growing information industries. Films and compact discs cost little to transport, even by aeroplane. Computer software can be &exported' without ever loading it onto a ship, simply by transmitting it over telephone lines from one country to another, so freight rates and cargo-handling schedules become insignificant factors in deciding where to make the product. Businesses can locate based on other considerations, such as the availability of labour, while worrying less about the cost of delivering their output.
G& & In many countries deregulation has helped to drive the process along. But, behind the scenes, a series of technological innovations known broadly as containerisation and intermodal transportation has led to swift productivity improvements in cargo-handling. Forty years ago, the process of exporting or importing involved a great many stages of handling, which risked portions of the shipment being damaged or stolen along the way. The invention of the container crane made it possible to load and unload containers without capsizing the ship and the adoption of standard container sizes allowed almost any box to be transported on any ship. By 1967, dual-purpose ships, carrying loose cargo in the hold* and containers on the deck, were giving way to all-container vessels that moved thousands of boxes at a time.
H && The shipping container transformed ocean shipping into a highly efficient, intensely competitive business. But getting the cargo to and from the dock was a different story. National governments, by and large, kept a much firmer hand on truck and railroad tariffs than on charges for ocean freight. This started changing, however, in the mid-1970s, when America began to deregulate its transportation industry. First airlines, then road hauliers and railways, were freed from restrictions on what they could carry, where they could haul it and what price they could charge. Big productivity gains resulted. Between 1985 and 1996, for example, America's freight railways dramatically reduced their employment, trackage, and their fleets of locomotives - while increasing the amount of cargo they hauled. Europe's railways have also shown marked, albeit smaller, productivity improvements.
I& & In America the period of huge productivity gains in transportation may be almost over, but in most countries the process still has far to go. State ownership of railways and airlines, regulation of freight rates and toleration of anti-competitive practices, such as cargo-handling monopolies, all keep the cost of shipping unnecessarily high and deter international trade. Bringing these barriers down would help the world's economies grow even closer.
* hold: ship's storage area below deck
Questions 14-17
Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-I.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.
a suggestion for improving trade in the future
the effects of the introduction of electronic delivery
the similar cost involved in transporting a product from abroad or from a local supplier
the weakening relationship between the value of goods and the cost of their delivery
Questions 18-22
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE& & & & & & & & &if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE& & & & & & & &if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN& & & &if there is no information on this
International trade is increasing at a greater rate than the world economy.
Cheap labour guarantees effective trade conditions.
Japan imports more meat and steel than France.
Most countries continue to prefer to trade with nearby nations.
Small computer components are manufactured in Germany.
Questions 23-26
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-K, below.
Write the correct letter, A-K, in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.
&THE TRANSPORT REVOLUTION
Modern cargo-handling methods have had a significant effect on&23...............as the business of moving freight around the world becomes increasingly streamlined.Manufacturers of computers, for instance, are able to import&24................. from overseas, rather than having to rely on a local supplier. The introduction of&25................. has meant that bulk cargo can be safely and efficiently moved over long distances. While international shipping is now efficient, there is still a need for governments to reduce&26................. in order to free up the domestic cargo sector.
A &tariffs & & B &components & C &container ships&D &output & E &employees & &
F &insurance costs &G &trade & &H &freight &&I &fares &&J &software &
&K &international standards
READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.
Climate Change and the Inuit
The threat posed by climate change in the Arctic and the problems faced by Canada's Inuit people
A& &Unusual incidents are being reported across the Arctic. Inuit families going off on snowmobiles to prepare their summer hunting camps have found themselves cut off from home by a sea of mud, following early thaws. There are reports of igloos losing their insulating properties as the snow drips and refreezes, of lakes draining into the sea as permafrost melts, and sea ice breaking up earlier than usual, carrying seals beyond the reach of hunters. Climate change may still be a rather abstract idea to most of us, but in the Arctic it is already having dramatic effects - if summertime ice continues to shrink at its present rate, the Arctic Ocean could soon become virtually ice-free in summer. The knock-on effects are likely to include more warming, cloudier skies, increased precipitation and higher sea levels. Scientists are increasingly keen to find out what's going on because they consider the Arctic the 'canary in the mine' for global warming - a warning of what's in store for the rest of the world.
B& &For the Inuit the problem is urgent. They live in precarious balance with one of the toughest environments on earth. Climate change, whatever its causes, is a direct threat to their way of life. Nobody knows the Arctic as well as the locals, which is why they are not content simply to stand back and let outside experts tell them what's happening. In Canada, where the Inuit people are jealously guarding their hard-won autonomy in the country's newest territory, Nunavut, they believe their best hope of survival in this changing environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science. This is a challenge in itself.
C& &The Canadian Arctic is a vast, treeless polar desert that's covered with snow for most of the year. Venture into this terrain and you get some idea of the hardships facing anyone who calls this home. Farming is out of the question and nature offers meagre pickings. Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago, surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish. The environment tested them to the limits: sometimes the colonists were successful, sometimes they failed and vanished. But around a thousand years ago, one group emerged that was uniquely well adapted to cope with the Arctic environment. These Thule people moved in from Alaska, bringing kayaks, sleds, dogs, pottery and iron tools. They are the ancestors of today's Inuit people.
D& &Life for the descendants of the Thule people is still harsh. Nunavut is 1.9 million square kilometres of rock and ice, and a handful of islands around the North Pole. It's currently home to 2,500 people, all but a handful of them indigenous Inuit. Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the territory's 28 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing. Provisions available in local shops have to be flown into Nunavut on one of the most costly air networks in the world, or brought by supply ship during the few ice-free weeks of summer. It would cost a family around f7,000 a year to replace meat they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat. Economic opportunities are scarce, and for many people state benefits are their only income.
E& &While the Inuit may not actually starve if hunting and trapping are curtailed by climate change, there has certainly been an impact on people's health. Obesity, heart disease and diabetes are beginning to appear in a people for whom these have never before been problems. There has been a crisis of identity as the traditional skills of hunting, trapping and preparing skins have begun to disappear. In Nunavut's 'igloo and email' society, where adults who were born in igloos have children who may never have been out on the land, there's a high incidence of depression.
F& &With so much at stake, the Inuit are determined to play a key role in teasing out the mysteries of climate change in the Arctic. Having survived there for centuries, they believe their wealth of traditional knowledge is vital to the task. And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom, increasingly referred to as &lnuit Qaujimajatuqangit&, or IQ. &In the early days scientists ignored us when they came up here to study anything. They just figured these people don't know very much so we won't ask them,& says John Amagoalik, an Inuit leader and politician. 'But in recent years IQ has had much more credibility and weight.' In fact it is now a requirement for anyone hoping to get permission to do research that they consult the communities, who are helping to set the research agenda to reflect their most important concerns. They can turn down applications from scientists they believe will work against their interests, or research projects that will impinge too much on their daily lives and traditional activities.
G &&Some scientists doubt the value of traditional knowledge because the occupation of the Arctic doesn't go back far enough. Others, however, point out that the first weather stations in the far north date back just 50 years. There are still huge gaps in our environmental knowledge, and despite the scientific onslaught, many predictions are no more than best guesses. IQ could help to bridge the gap and resolve the tremendous uncertainty about how much of what we're seeing is natural capriciousness and how much is the consequence of human activity.
Questions 27-32
Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-G.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-G from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, ⅰ-ⅸ, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
ⅰ & The reaction of the Inuit community to climate change
ⅱ & Understanding of climate change remains limited
ⅲ & Alternative sources of essential supplies
ⅳ & Respect for Inuit opinion grows
ⅴ & A healthier choice of food
ⅵ & A difficult landscape
ⅶ & Negative effects on well-being
ⅷ & Alarm caused by unprecedented events in the Arctic
ⅸ & The benefits of an easier existence
Example & & & & & & & & & &Answer
Paragraph A & & & & & & & & ⅷ
Paragraph B
Paragraph C
Paragraph D
Paragraph E
Paragraph F
Paragraph G
Questions 33-40
Complete the summary of paragraphs C and D below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from paragraphs C and D for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 33-40 on your answer sheet.
If you visit the Canadian Arctic, you immediately appreciate the problems faced by people for whom this is home. It would clearly be impossible for the people to engage in&33.................... as a means of supporting themselves. For thousands of years they have had to rely on catching&34.................... and&35.................... as a means of sustenance. The harsh surroundings saw many who tried to settle there pushed to their limits, although some were successful. The&36.................... people were an example of the latter and for them the environment did not prove unmanageable. For the present inhabitants, life continues to be a struggle. The territory of Nunavut consists of little more than ice, rock and a few&37.................... In recent years, many of them have been obliged to give up their&38.................... lifestyle, but they continue to depend mainly on&39.................... for their food and clothes.&40.................... produce is particularly expensive.
The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide and water consumption in two different countries.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
WRITING TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Today, the high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of advertising and not the real needs of the society in which they are sold.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
The examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar topics.
● Do you enjoy dancing? [Why/Why not?]
● Has anyone ever taught you to dance? [Why/Why not?]
● Tell me about any traditional dancing in your country.
● Do you think that traditional dancing will be popular in the future? [Why/Why not?]
SPEAKING 2
You will have to talk about the topic for one to two minutes.
You have one minute to think about what you are going to say.
You can make some notes to help you if you wish.
Describe someone in your family who you like.
You should say:
　　how this person is related to you
　　what this person looks like
　　what kind of person he/she is
and explain why you like this person.
SPEAKING 3
Discussion topics:
Family similarities
Example questions:
In what ways can people in a family be similar to each other?
Do you think that daughters are always more similar to mothers than to male relatives?
What about sons and fathers?
In terms of personality, are people more influenced by their family or by their friends? In what ways?
Genetic research
Example questions:
Where can people in your country get information about genetic research?
How do people in your country feel about genetic research?
Should this research be funded by governments or private companies? Why?
SECTION 1 &&&&Questions 1-10
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SECTION 2 &&&&Questions 11-20
/upload/class/files/34.mp3
SECTION 3& &&&Questions 21-30
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SECTION 4 &&&&Questions 31-40
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