fruit和food何时用作fruit可数吗,请举例谢谢

关于my favorite food/fruit 的问题_百度知道
关于my favorite food/fruit 的问题
为什么我们以前学的是My favorite fruits are apples 怎么现在变成my favorite fruit is apples
提问者采纳
两个都对,都可以,其本质是一回事 第二个是把苹果当成了一个品种
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其他1条回答
fruit当指水果的统称的时候一般是用作不可数名词,就是说后面的单词形式要用单数。 当fruit指的是水果的种类的时候是可数名词,后面动词用复数。 前面的fresh只是充当定语,并不影响后面要用的动词形式。
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>>>用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.Fruit and vegetables are(health..
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.Fruit and vegetables are &&&&&&&&&& (health) food. 2.You should be &&&&&&&&&& (friend) to your classmates. 3.How ______ (beautifully) the Great Wall is! 4.His birthday is on the &&&&&&&&&& (twenty) of Match . 5.Are the jeans &&&&&&&&&& (make) of cotton? 6.The&&&&&&&&&&& (colour) skirt fits me very well.7.Put these books on these&&&&&&&&&&& (shelf). 8.He would like all& his friends ______ (have) a shower at the same time. 9.Please give me two hundred &&&&&&&&&& (France) francs (法郎). 10.Amy's parents sent her a bicycle for her ______ (nineteen) birthday.
题型:填空题难度:中档来源:0112
1. healthy &2. friendly& 3. beautiful&& 4. twentieth &5. made 6.colourful&& 7. shelves&& 8. to have&& 9. French&& 10. nineteenth
马上分享给同学
据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.Fruit and vegetables are(health..”主要考查你对&&形容词,可数名词(单数名词,复数名词),序数词,实义动词的过去分词,被动语态&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
现在没空?点击收藏,以后再看。
因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
形容词可数名词(单数名词,复数名词)序数词实义动词的过去分词被动语态
形容词:简称adj.或a,形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏与否,形容词在句中作定语,表语,宾语补足语。她是一个好学生,她学习努力。She is a good student, and she works hard.这辆自行车很贵。This bike is expensive.对不起,我现在很忙。I am sorry, I'm busy now.你为这次会议做好准备了吗? Have you got everything ready for the meeting?形容词的语法功能:一、作定语He is the greatest writer alive.他是依然健在的伟大的作家。Somewone else has done it.别人已经做了这事。二、作补语形容词做主语补足语和宾语补足语时,可以表示其现状、状态,也可以表示某一动作的结果,并常用在表示“认为,看待”的动词如believe,prove,consider等候。例如:The news made her sad.这消息使他感到非常悲伤。Don't marry young.不要早婚。三、作状语形容词或形容词短语可作状语,形容词作状语时,可以看作是“being+形容词”结构的省略,可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、强调或伴随状况等意义。例如:Enthusiastic,they are co-operative.热心的时候他们是很合作的。Rich or poor, young or old, we all have problems.不管是穷人还是富人,不管是年轻人还是老人,我们都有问题。四、做表语The ship was adrift on unknown seas.那艘船在陌生的海域漂流。五、做主语Old and young joined the discussion.Rich or poor meant the same to him.作感叹语Very good!Say it again.Stupid!He must be crasy.形容词的几个特殊用法:most 同形容词连用而不用 the, 表示 " 极,很,非常, 十分"。 It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 I cannot do it, it's most difficult. 我干不了这件事,太难了。 "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..." 表示 " 越... 就越..."。 The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。 The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。 The more, the better. 越多越好。 " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。 It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了. It's pity he is getting poorer and poorer. 真可怜他越来越穷了。 The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。 The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。 This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。&I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。 the + 形容词 表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。 I like to have a talk with the young. 我喜欢同年轻人谈话。 The rich sometimes complain their empty life. 富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活。 The police led the old man across the street. 警察领老人横过马路。
以-ly结尾的形容词1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,brotherly,仍为形容词。改错:(错) She sang lovely.  &&&&&&&&&& (错) He spoke to me very friendly.   (对) Her singing was lovely.  (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2)有些以-ly 结尾的词既为形容词,也为副词。daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,earlyThe Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.
too+adj.+to句型&& “太…而不能”& He is too young to go to school.&=He isn’t old enough to go to school.&=He is so young that he can’t go to school.形容词的位置:1.形容词一般放在名词前作定语?&& 单个形容词修饰名词时,一般要放在名词的前面。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。例如:?&& a red flower一朵红花?an interesting story一个有趣的故事?&& six blind men 六个盲人?my own house我自己的房子?如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定,越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面,音节多的形容词放在后面。&& 2.当形容词所修饰的词是由some,any,every,no等构成的不定代词时,形容词必须置于名词之后。例如:?&& &&& She has something new to tell me.?她有一些新的情况告诉我。?&& &&& I have nothing important to do today.?今天我没有重要的工作要做。?&& &&& Do you know anybody else here??这儿你还有认识的人吗??&& 3.形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时,形容词必须置于名词之后。例如:?&& &&& It is a problem difficult to work out.?这是一道难以解决的问题。?&& &&& Edison is a student difficult to teach.?爱迪生是个很难教的学生。?&& &&& This is a kind of flowers easy to grow.?这是一种易栽的花。?&& 4.用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。例如:?&& &&& All people,young or old,should be strict with themselves.?&& &&& 所有的人,无论老少,都应该严格要求自己。?&& &&& We are building a new school, modern and super.?&& &&& 我们正在建一所现代化的高档次的新型学校。?&& &&& All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. 所有的国家,无论穷富都应该互相帮助。?&& 5.有少数形容词,如enough和possible,既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修饰的名词之后。例如:?&&& Do you have enough time(time enough)to prepare?你有足够的时间做准备吗??&&& Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或许它将成为一次可能的机遇。6.有些形容词,置于名词之前与之后,含义不尽相同。例如:?&& the writer present 出席的作者?&& the present writer 现在的作者?7.表示长,宽,高,深,及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。This river is about 100 metres wide.The building is more than 50 metres tall.&He is less than 40 years old.8. enough修饰名词时,在名词前后都可以。They said that they had enough food.=&They said that they had food enough.&enough 修饰形容词和副词,位于其后。&He is old enough to join the army.&He isn’t old enough to go to school.9.形容词else通常放在疑问代词,疑问副词或不定代词后&what/who/where/when/when else&something/anything/nothing…else&What else did you do?&Do you have anything else to say?10.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。This is the book easy to read.这是一本容易读的书。形容词知识拓展:名词化的形容词:有些形容词可以和定冠词连用,表示一类人或事物,这时,它相当于一个名词,可作主语或宾语;表示一类人时,看作复数,表示一类事物时,通常看作单数。Robin Hooh(罗宾汉) hated the rich and loved the poor.The old are taken good& care of in American.the+形容词,常见的短语有:the old/the young/the sick/the white/the black/the rich/the poor/the dead(死者)形似副词的形容词:以-ly结尾的词通常是副词,但是下列词为形容词。friendly& lonely (孤独的) ;lively (活着的);lovely(可爱的)复合形容词的类型:(1)名词+过去分词& man-made satellite 人造卫星(2)形容词+现在分词& a good-looking man(3)形容词+名词& second-hand cars(4)数词+名词-ed&& three-legged chairs三条腿的椅子(5)数词+名词& 400- metre race(6)副词+现在分词& hard-working students(7)副词+过去分词& well-known writers(8)形容词+形容词& a dark-red jacket(9)形容词+过去分词& ready-made clothes 成品服装含有形容词的常用句型:(1) It’s+adj. of sb. to do sth.(good/ kind/nice/polite/clever/foolish… )It’s very kind of you to help me.(2) It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.(difficult/easy/hard/dangerous/usefulinteresting/important…)It’s important for us to learn English well.(3)下列形容词后常跟动词不定式&表示情感或情绪的形容词:glad,pleased,sorry,sad,afraid,thankful…&I'm glad to see you.表示能力,意志或推测的形容词:ready,able,sure,certain…&I’m sorry to hear that.某些现在分词和过去分词可作形容词the moving story 令人感动的故事a moved boy&& 一个被感动的男孩a frightened child 一个被吓到的孩子a frightening film 一个恐怖电影可数名词:是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西;因此它有复数形式,当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时,句子的谓语也应用复数形式。 名词单数变复数的规则:
巧记以f\fe结尾的可数名词复数妻子骑牛拿起刀,wife,calf,knife ↑追得贼狼满街跑,thief,wolf →→→变f或fe为v,再加es碰倒架子丧己命,shelf,self,life ↓手帕树叶半空飘。handkerchief,leaf,half ↓名词复数的不规则变化:1.不规则形式:child→children(儿童)man→men(男人)woman→women (女人)an Englishman→two Englishmen(英国人)foot→feet(脚)tooth→teeth(牙)mouse→mice(老鼠)ox →oxen(公牛)goose→geese(鹅)2.单复同形:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese, species,means,Swiss除人民币,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, a meter,twometers3.集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数:people police cattle是复数(OK :a person,a policeman,ahead of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss )(Error:a people,a police,a cattle )表示国民总称时,作复数用。(The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。)4.以s结尾,仍为单数的名词maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。news是不可数名词。5.表示由两部分构成的东西,glasses(眼镜) trousers (长裤) clothes(衣服)若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双)a pair of glasses& two pairs of trousers suit(套)6.另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思goods (货物) waters (水域) fishes (各种鱼)可数名词变复数的几种形式:&1) 单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.  &2) 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.   3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies.    4) 以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs,proofs, chiefs. &5) 以o结尾的名词,有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.&&其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos.    6) 不规则名词:foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→men, woman→women, mouse→mice. 7) 单复数同形的名词:sheep,fish,dee. 注意:fish表示种类时,也用fishes这样的形式。 序数词:是数词的一种,主要在英语语法中讲到,在汉语中表示为“第几”。如:first, second, third, fourth 序数词的读法与写法:序数词写法:1 first ;2 second&; 3 third& ;4 fourth&; 5 fifth ;6 sixth ;7 seventh; 8 eighth;9 ninth ;10 tenth ;11 eleventh ;12 twelfth ;13; thirteenth ;14 fourteenth;15 fifteenth 16 sixteenth ;17 seventeenth ;18 eighteenth;19 nineteenth;20 twentieth ;30 thirtieth ;40 fortieth ;50 fiftieth ;60 sixtieth ;70 seventieth;80 eightieth&; 90 ninetieth
多位序词:由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一one thousand three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十two hundred and fifty-second 第二百五十二
缩写:有时,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有:first——1st ;second——2nd ;third——3rd; fourth——4th ;sixth——6th ;twentieth——20th;twenty-third——23rd 其中lst,2nd,3rd为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。序数词前不加the的情况:在英语中,使用序数词时前面要加定冠词 the,但是,在下面的情况下则不加 the:1.当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时,序数词前不用 the。Mother was my first teacher in my life.妈妈是我生命中的第一个老师。Tom is Lily's third boyfriend. 汤姆是莉莉的第三个男朋友。2.当表达分数时,序数词前不用 the。One fifth of the students here are from the country. 这儿1/5的学生来自农村。Three fourths of the students here are from the country. 这儿的3/4的学生来自农村。3.当表达“又一,再一”时,序数词前不用 the,但可加不定冠词。Please give me a second chance. 请再给我一次机会。The poor woman had a third baby. 那个可怜的妇女又生了第三个宝宝。4.当表达“年月日”时,尤其在朗读时,序数词前要加 the。He was born on June 6th, 1974. 他出生在日。5.当序数词在句中作状语时,序数词前不用 the。Who got there second? 谁第二个到那儿的?I finished the work first. 我最先完成那项工作。6. 当表达考试(比赛等)中获得的名次时,序数词前不用 the。She stands first in her class. 她在班上成绩排名第一。基数词变序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th。一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d。八去t,九除e,ve要用f替,ty将y变成i,th前面有个e。若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。整十基数变序数,先把ty变成tie,要是遇上两位数,十位基数,个位序,th最后加上去。或者一,二,三变字体;th从4上起;8加h,9减e;用f 代ve;ty变为tie。
序数词的语法功能及用法:序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。 The second is what I really need. 第二个是我真正需要的。(作主语) He choose the second. 他挑选了第二个。(作宾语) We are to carry out the first plan. 我们将执行第一个计划。(作定语) She is the second in our class.在我们班她是第二名。(作表语) 注:序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词 the;但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,则表示“再—”,“又—”。 We'll go over it a second time. 我们得再念第二遍。 We've tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time? 我们已经试过三遍了,还必须试一次(第四次)吗? 表示顺序的序数词只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可,不需要添加定冠词。 the first lesson——Lesson One&&& the fifth page——Page 5(five) the twenty-first room——Room 21(twenty-one)过去分词的用法也有两个特点:一是表示完成,二是表示被动。实意动词过去分词变化规律和他的过去式变化规律几乎是一样的:①一般情况直接加ed,如ask—asked,work—worked ②以不发音的e结尾,只加d,如love—loved,dance—danced ③以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变为ied,如try—tried,study—studied ④以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词,先双写末尾一个字母,再加ed, 如stop—stopped,permit—permitted 注意:以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled,尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—traveled/traveled。特例:picnic—picnicked,另外还有很多动词的过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需熟记。实意动词过去式与过去分词的区别:过去式是发生过的事; 过去分词形式是发生了并且对现在造成影响的事 。过去式是用来作谓语的 过去分词用于完成时结构的谓语。另外,在两者的形式也有所差异,有的过去式和过去分词一样 ,有的不一样 .比如: begin began begun 就不一样 teach taught taught 就一样 用的时候一定要分清过去分词结构:1. 过去分词独立结构过去分词有时可有其独立主语,二者构成一种独立分词结构。过去分词独立结构多用于书面语中,常用作状语,用来表示时间、条件、原因、伴随情况等。如:He rushed into the room,his face covered with sweat.他满脸是汗跑进屋来。(表伴随)This done,we went home.做完此事,我们就回家了。(表时间)All our savings gone,the couple started looking for jobs.积蓄全部用完了,这对夫妻就开始找工作。(表原因)That point settled,the speaker went on to the next one.那个问题讲完了,演讲人继续讲下一个问题。(表时间)2. with/without+宾语+过去分词表示伴随情况的独立结构With everything taken into consideration,we all think this is a very good plan.每件事都考虑到了,我们都认为这是一项不错的计划。With different methods used,different results are obtained.采用不同的方法,得到不同的结果。She went angrily away without a word spoken.她一个字也没说,就生气地走了。3. 过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语(1) 过去分词(短语)在感官动词和使役动词等之后作宾语补足语,这些词语有: have 让,使 keep 使处于某状态 get 使得see 看见 hear 听见 find 发现feel 感觉到 leave 使处于某状态 make 使want 想要 start 引起 notice 注意observe 观察 watch 注视 set 使处于某状态如:The work left him exhausted.这个活使得他筋疲力尽。The doorkeeper heard the chain and bolts withdrawn.看门人听见门上的链和拴被拉开了。The tenant found the house renovated.房客看到房子已整修过了。It’s better to leave some things unsaid.有些事倒是不说的好。I don’t want my name linked with him.我不要把我的名字和他联系在一起。The person concerned should like this matter settled immediately.当事人希望此事立刻得到解决。(2)过去分词(短语)在使役动词get或have之后作宾语补足语,表示的动作往往是由别人完成的。如:I had my car repaired我把我的车修好了。(别人修的)I had my hair cut我理发了。(别人给我理的)We must get the television set repaired我们必须把电视机修好。(被别人修)He had his window broken to pieces.他的窗户给打破了。(被他人打破)初中英语不规则动词过去式、过去分词表:(1)AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)cost(花费)cost&&&cost&&&&&&&&&&&& cut(割)&&cut&&&&&& cut&&&&&&&&&&& &spit&&&&& spit/spat&&&& spit/ spat(英)hit(打)&&&&hit&&&&&& &hit&&&&&&&&&&& &hurt 伤害)&hurt&&&&hurt&let(让)&& &let&&&& & let&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& put(放) put&&&& &putread (读)read& &read(2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)beat(跳动)& beat& beaten(3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)become(变成) became become&&&&&&&&& awake&& awoke& awokencome(来) came come&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&run(跑)& ran& run(4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)dig(挖)& dug& dug&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& build& built&&& builtget(得到)& got& got/gotten&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& catch& caught&& caughthang(吊死)& hanged& hanged&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& deal&& dealt&&&& dealthang(悬挂)& hung&&&&& hung&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& feed&&& fed&&&& fedhold(抓住)& held& held&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& find&&& found&& foundshine(照耀) shone shone&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& sit(坐)&& sat& satpay&&& paid&&&& paid&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& win (赢)& won& wonsend&& sent&&&& sent&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& meet(遇见)& met& metshoot&& shot&&&& shot&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& keep (保持) kept& kepttell&&& told&&&& told&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& sleep(睡)&& slept& sleptwin&&& won&&&& won&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& sweep(扫)& swept&& sweptfeel(感觉)& felt& felt&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& smell(闻)& smelt/smelled&& smelt/ smelledleave(离开) left& left&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& build(建设) built& builtlend(借出)& lent& lent&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& send (传送)&&&& sent& sentspend(花费) spent spent&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& lose (丢失) lost& lostburn (燃烧) burnt& burnt&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& learn(学习)& learnt& learntmean(意思是) meant& meant&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& catch(抓住) caught& caughtteach(教)& taught& taught&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& bring(带来) brought&& broughtfight (战斗) fought& fought&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& buy(买)& bought&& boughtthink(想)& thought thought&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& hear (听见) heard heardsell(卖)& sold& sold&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& tell(告诉)& told& toldsay(说)& said& said&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& find(找到)& found foundhave/has(有) had& had&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& make(制造) made madestand(站)& stood stood&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& understand明白understood understood(5) ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)begin(开始) began begun&&&&&&&&&&&&&& take(取)& took& takendrink(喝)& drank drunk&&&&&&&&&&&&&& mistake(弄错) mistook&& mistakenring(铃响)& rang& rung&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ride(骑)&& rode& riddensing (唱)& sang& sung&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& do(做)& did& doneswim(游泳) swam swum&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& write(写)& wrote writtenblow(吹)& blew& blown&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& go(去)went& gonedraw (画)& drew& drawn&&&&&&&&&&&&&& lie(平躺)& lay& lainfly(飞)& flew& flown&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& see(看见)& saw& seengrow(生长) grew& grown&&&&&&&&&&&&&& wear (穿) wore& wornknow(知道) knew known&&&&&&&&&&&& be ( am, is, are )(是)was, were& beenthrow(投掷) threw thrown&&&&&&&&&&&&& show(出示) showed shownbreak(打破) broke broken&&&&&&&&&&&&& choose(选择) chose chosenforget(忘记) forgot forgotten (forgot)&&& bear& bore& borne/bornspeak(说,讲) spoke spoken&&&&&&&&&& draw& drew& drawnwake(醒)& woke woken&&&&&&&&&&&&&& dream& dreamt/ dreamed& dreamt/ dreameddrive(驾驶) drove driven&&&&&&&&&&&& hide&&& hid&& hiddeneat(吃)& ate& eaten&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& lay& laid& laid&& 放置fall(落下)& fell& fallen&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& lie& lied&& lied&& 撒谎give(给)& gave&&& given&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& lie&& lay&& lain&& 躺rise(升高)& rose& risen&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& see&&& saw&& seenshake& shook&& shaken&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& steal& stole&&& stolencan----could&&&&&&&&&&& may---might&& will---would&&& shall---shouldmust----must语态:是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。被动语态的构成:被动语态的基本结构:主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者)① 一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词如:Trees are planted every year. ② 现在进行时 am/is/are+ being +过去分词如:The road is being repaired.&③ 现在完成时 have/has + been +过去分词如:The work has been finished. ④ 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词如:The story was told by him. Many birds were killed last year. ⑤过去进行时 was/were+ being + 过去分词如:&The new house was being painted when I got home. ⑥过去完成时 had +been+ 过去分词如: He told me that the work had been finished. ⑦一般将来时& will +be + 过去分词如:The problem will be discussed tomorrow. ⑧ 过去将来时 would/should +be +过去分词如: He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.⑨情态动词的被动语态情态动词+ be +过去分词&&&& 如:The problem must be solved soon.Children should be taught to love animals.被动语态使用注意:1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 如:happen, break down, come out......What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 如: write, sell, ride.....This pen writes well. This new book sells well. 3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带“to”,但变为被动语态时,须加上“to”。 例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us. He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.构成be+done.主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤:①把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语②把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词,并注意其人称和数随主语的变化,而动词的时态则保持不变。③原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现(注代词的宾格),如不需要则可省略。 ④其它的成分(定语、状语)不变。不用于被动语态的情形: ①不及物动词没有被动语态 这类动词有take place, happen, come about, break out, appear, disappear, last,& arise等。 例如:A fire broke out during the night. ②某些静态动词不用于被动语态 这类动词有have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble等。&例如:My shoes do not fit me. ③宾语为相互代词和反身代词时不用于被动语态 例如:We should help each other. 关于主动形式表示被动意义:①系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式。 例如:The building looks very beautiful. ②当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 例如:The book sells well. ③有的动词本身含有被动意味,通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。 例如:Her eyes filled with tears. ④不定式to blame, to let用作表语时,通常要用主动表被动。 例如:Who is to blame? ⑤某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。 例如:The book is difficult to understand. ⑥不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 例如:Do you have time to help us? ⑦在too...to do sth.和...enough to do sth. 这两个结构中,若主语与其后不定式为to do sth.被动关系,则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用 被动式)。 例如:The writing is too faint to read. ⑧be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。 例如:This movie is worth seeing. ⑨在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。 例如:The house needs cleaning. 表示“据说”的三类被动句型:①It is said that...句式 例如:It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number. ②There is said that...句式& 例如:There is said to be plenty of oil off our coast. ③sb./sth.is said that...句式 例如:Mr. Brown is said to have died of liver cancer. 被动语态各时态构成 :
一般现在时
am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时
was/were+过去分词
现在进行时
am/is/are being+过去分词
过去进行时
was/were being+过去分词
一般将来时
will be+过去分词
过去将来时
would be+过去分词
现在完成时
have/has been+过去分词
过去完成时
had been+过去分词
情态动词be+过去分词情态动词的被动语态:一、理解含情态动词的被动语态的概念含情态动词的被动语态说明某个被动性动作所反映出的感情和态度。初中阶段可用于被动语态的情态动词有“can、may、must、need、should”等,分别表示“能够被……”,“可以被……”,“必须被……”,“需要被……“,应该被……”等。二、掌握含情态动词的被动语态的不同句式的变换方法含情态动词的被动语态的疑问句、否定句的变化均借助于情态动词完成。(一)一般疑问句直接将陈述句被动语态中的情态动词提前。如:Mustthisworkbedoneatonce?这项工作必须立即完成吗?Shouldyourhomeworkbefinishedbeforesix?你的家庭作业应在六点前完成吗?(二)特殊疑问句由疑问词加上一般疑问句被动语态构成。如:Whenmustthisworkbedone?这工作必须在什么时候完成?Wherecanthelostbookbefound?这本失踪的书能在什么地方被找到?(三)反意疑问句借助情态动词构成附加疑问部分。如:Thisbridgecanbebuiltnextyear,can'tit?这座桥明年能建成,是吗?Thisbookshouldn'tbetakenoutofthelibrary,shouldit?这本书不应被带出图书馆,是吗?(四)否定句在情态动词后面加上“not”或“never”即可,但“must”表“必要”时否定式为“needn't”。如:Thisworkneedn'tbedoneatonce.这项工作没必要立即做。Thisdustbinshouldn'tbeputhere.这个垃圾箱不应放在这儿。三、含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答应保留原情态动词,但“must”表“必须”时,其否定回答应用“needn't”、“need”表“必要”时,其肯定回答应用“must”。如:—Shouldmyexercisesbefinishedtoday?我的作业应在今天完成吗?—Yes,theyshould.是的,应在今天完成。(No,theyshouldn't.不,不应在今天完成。)—Musthisexercisebookbehandedinatonce?他的练习本必须立即上交吗?—Yes,itmust.是的,必须立即上交。(No,itneedn't.不,不必立即上交。)—Needhebeoperatedonatonce?他必须立即手术吗?—Yes,hemust.是的,他必须。(No,heneedn't.不,他不必。)
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