the studentsten homework是什么意思 before supper.怎么填中文是 学生们必须在晚

I had finished my homework before supper. I finished my homework before supper 这两句翻译的区别是?_百度知道
I had finished my homework before supper. I finished my homework before supper 这两句翻译的区别是?
过去完成时,与一般过去时的用法,这句如何体现?
提问者采纳
前一句强调晚饭前完成了作业这个状态,后一句是强调完成作业这个动作。
提问者评价
这个说法有点理解了.谢谢.也谢谢二楼.
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第一句:我已经在晚饭前就完成了我的作业。第二句:我在晚饭前完成了我的作业。第一句更强调过去的动作对现在的影响。
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出门在外也不愁the studentsten homework before supper.怎么填中文是 学生们必须在晚_百度知道
the studentsten homework before supper.怎么填中文是 学生们必须在晚
提问者采纳
The students are supposed/required/expected to finish their homework before supper.The students should/must/have to finish their homework before supper.
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出门在外也不愁当前位置:
>>>根据句意和所给中文写出句中所缺的单词。1. _____(最后),I fin..
根据句意和所给中文写出句中所缺的单词。
1.& _____(最后),I finished my homework before supper.2.& People in the 1980s _____(穿着) clothes like these.3.& I&_____ (试) on many clothes , so I felt very&_____ (累).4.& This story is not interesting at all. It’s very&_____ .5.& I can carry that light bag. It’s not&_____ enough.6.& Do you often watch football _____on TV?7.& Eddie is a very l_____dog. He is sleeping all the time.8.& Trainers are usually very c_____.9.& The students r_____ a lot of money for Project Hope.10.That building over there looks very&_____ (现代的). Who&_____ (设计) it?
题型:填空题难度:中档来源:同步题
1.finally &&& 2. wore&&& 3. tried tired& &&&&& 4. boring&&& 5. heavy 6. matches 7. lazy&&& &8. comfortable&&&& 9. raised&&&& 10. modern, designs
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据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“根据句意和所给中文写出句中所缺的单词。1. _____(最后),I fin..”主要考查你对&&单词、词组,可数名词(单数名词,复数名词),分词,动名词,一般过去时&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
单词、词组可数名词(单数名词,复数名词)分词动名词一般过去时
根据最新人教版版和牛津版的初中英语教材的词汇量,一个水平较高的初中毕业生的词汇量应在2400左右。初中的单词和词组词汇量要求数量会不断增长。初中单词节选100例:1dryadj干的,干燥的2ill& adj 病的3hope& v 希望4composition& n 作文作品5 remember& v 记起,想起6 were& v 动词be(are)的过去式7 bit& n 一点儿,小片8 a bit& phr. 一点儿9 healthy& adj 健康的,健壮的10 grow up& phr. 成长,长大11 visit& v 参观,访问,拜访12 ago& adv 以前13 the day before yesterday& phr 前天14 enjoy& v 喜欢,享受...乐趣15 world& n 世界16 at the same time& phr. 同时17 a moment ago& phr. 刚才18 just now& phr. 不久以前,刚才19 reply& n & v 答复,回答20 by the way& phr. 顺便说,顺便问一下21 match& n 比赛,竞赛22 cold& adj 冷的,寒冷的23 drive& v 驾驶24 plan& n 计划25 diary& n 日记26 make telephone calls& phr. 打电话27 go out& phr. 外出,到外面28 India& n 印度29 went& v 动词go的过去式30 rain& v 下雨31 rained& v 动词rain的过去式32 momery& n 记忆力,存储器33 pack& v 打包,打行李34 everything& pron 每件事,每样东西,一切35 umbrella& n 伞,雨伞36 anyone& pron 任何人37 date& n 日期38 season& n 季节39 write down& phr. 写下,记下40 January& n 一月41 March& n 三月42 June& n 六月43 July& n 七月44 August& n 八月45 December& n 十二月46 spring& n 春天47 last& v 持续,耐久48 weather& n 天气49 warm& adj 暖和的,热情的50 come out& phr. (花)开,发(芽),出来51 heavily& adv 打量地,猛烈地,厉害地52 crop& n 庄稼,收成53 really& adv 确实,真正地54 snow& n & v 雪,下雪55 snowman& n 雪人56 all the year round& phr. 一年到头57 true& adj 真的,真实的58 nearly& adv 将近,几乎59 unlike& prep 不像,和...不同60 opposite& adj 对面的,相反的61 sunny& adj 晴朗的,阳光充足的62 cloud& n 云63 cloudy& adj 多云的,阴天的64 wet& adj 湿的65 rainy& adj 多雨的,下雨的66 wind& n 风67 windy& adj 有风的,风大的68 snowy& adj 多雪的,降雪的69 later& adv 以后,后来70 later on& phr. 后来,稍后71 ring& v (钟,铃等)响,摇铃72 ring up& phr. 打电话73 west& n & adj 西方、西部(的)74 strange& adj 奇怪的,陌生的75 sunshine& n 日光,阳光76 melon& n 瓜77 radio& n 收音机78 report& n & v 报导,报告79 north& n & v 北方(的),北部(的)80 south& n & v 南方(的),南部(的)81 at times& phr. 有时,偶尔82 northeast& n 东北,东北部83 temperature& n 温度84 above& prep 在...上面85 daytime& n 白天86 below& prep 在...下,低于87 northwest& n 西北,西北部88 lift& v (云,雾等)消散,(雨)停止89 worse&& adj & adv ( bad,ill的比较级)更坏,更差90 foggy& adj 有雾,多雾的91 low& adj 低的,浅,矮的92 birthday& n 生日93 invite& v 邀请,招待94 film& n 影片,电影95 hold& v 拿,握96 hold on& phr. (打电话时)等一等,不挂断97 message& n 消息,信息98 take/leave a message& phr. 捎/留口信99 ready& adj 准备好的,乐意的100 sandwich& n 三明治,夹心面包片初中词组总结:1.be born 出生于2.visit sb 拜访某人3.tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某事 tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事4.tell sb&not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事a)tell sb how to do sth 告诉某人怎样做某事b)go to a place to do sth 去某个地方做某事c)go to England to study English 去英国学习英语5.study at a middle school 在中学学习6. go boating 去划船 go fishing 去钓鱼7.go swimming 去游泳 go shopping 去购物 go skating 去滑冰8.at weekends 在周末9.at the age of 在……年龄10.come here at half past two every Saturday afternoon 每个星期六下午两点半来这儿11.take pictures 照相12.in one’s spare time 在业余时间13.come here to do sth. 来这儿做某事14.come in 进来15.sit down 坐下 stand up 起立16.ask sb. some questions 询问某人一些问题17.on May 2,1984 在日18.tell sb. the name of the street and the house number 告诉某人街道名字和房间号码19.like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 like to do sth.喜欢做某事20.become a teacher 成为一名教师 want to be a doctor 想成为一名教师21.return to China=come back to China 返回中国22.teach English at a famous medical college 在一所著名的医科大学教英语23.tall and healthy 个高又健康24.short and slim 个矮又苗条25.be clever and quick in doing things 在做事上聪明伶俐26.come here to learn singing 来这儿学唱歌27.tell sb.a funny story 给某人讲述有趣的故事28.on foot 步行a)on one’s way to school 在上学的路上b)on one’s way home 在回家的路上c)on one’s way to the hospital 在去医院的路上d)on one’s way to the cinema 在去电影院的路上e)on one’s way to see a film 在去看电影的路上29.see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某莫事 see sb.doing sth.看见某人正在做某事a)hear sb. do sth 听到某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事b)make sb.do sth 迫使某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事c)1et sb.do sth.让某人做某事 had better do sth.最好做某事30. fall to the ground 倒在地上31.go over 走过去,复习功课32. hurry to school 勿忙去上学33.be late for the first class 第一节课迟到34.say with a smile 微笑地说35.be glad to do sth.高兴做某事36.do a good thing (deed) 做一件好事37.fall ill=be i11 生病,患病38.take sb. to a hospital 把某人送到医院39.rain heavily 下大雨40.on the road 在公路上41.not know what to do 不知道该做什么42.just then 正在那时43.come up 走进,上来44.in front of 在……前面45.thank sb. again and again 反复感谢某人46.drive away (汽车)离开run away 跑开take away 拿走47.right away 立刻48.right now 此刻,刚才,现在49.get home 到家 get there 到达哪儿 get here 到达这儿50. yesterday morning 昨天晚上51.leave the hospital 离开医院52.no buses=not any buses 没有车53.say to sb.对某人说 say to oneself 自言自语54.fall off 跌落55.need to get up early 需要早起床56.hurt my arm 胳膊受伤57.What's wrong with you?=What's the matter with you? 你怎么了?58.do one's homework on the computer 在电脑上做作业59.have four English lessons 上四节英语课60.once a week 一周一次 twice a year 一年两次 three times a month 一个月三次61.do more listening and speaking 做大量的听说练习do some cleaning 扫除do some washing 洗衣服do some shopping 购物62.make good progress in English 在英语方面取得很大进步63.help a lot in our studies 在学习上给子很大帮助64.teach sb. English 教某人英语65.get to school 到达学校66.give sb.lessons 给某人上课67.ask sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事ask sb.not to do sth.要求某人不要做某事68.let sb. do sth.让某人做某事1et sb. not do sth.让某人不要做某事69.not……until 直到……才70.make one's lessons interesting 使某人的课上的很有趣71.tell sb. how to do sth.告诉某人怎样做某事72.try to learn new things be oneself 设法靠自己学一些新的知识73.want to be a history teacher 想成为一名历史老师74.grow up 长大75.in future 在将来76.computer room (电脑)机房77.language lab 语言室78.finish middle school 中学毕业79.want to become (be) a designer 想成为一名设计家80.wish to be doctor 希望成为一名医生81.an American boy 一个美国男孩儿82.study in a high school 在高中学习83.in Grade Eight 在八年级84.finish primary school 小学毕业85.start school at the age of seven=begin to school when I was seven 七岁开始上学86.move to Washington with his family 和他全家搬到华盛顿87.be interested in 对……感兴趣88.want to become a doctor of Chinese medicine 想成为一名中医89.come here to learn Chinese 来这儿学习中文90.a nice school 一所好的学校91.instead of 代替92.in many ways 在许多方面93.be different from 与……不同94.by the way 顺便说95.come back home 回家96.be sorry for 为…难过,遗憾97.feel sorry for 为…难过,遗憾98.burn away 燃烧没了99.open the door 开门100.take sb. in one's arms 拥抱某人101.have some medicine 吃药102.have a football match 进行一场足球比赛103.have a meeting 开会104.walk back 向后走105.give sth. back to sb. 把某物还给某人106. work through the night 通宵工作107.get through the examinations=pass the exam 通过考试108.happen to 发生l09.knock at the door 敲门110.want to do sth. 想做…111.fall down 掉下来112.begin to do sth. 开始做…113.have some tea 喝茶114.have sports 进行体育锻炼115.have a bad coId 得了重感冒116.have a good time 玩的很高兴117.keep back 向后退118.so…that 如此…以至于…可数名词:是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西;因此它有复数形式,当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时,句子的谓语也应用复数形式。 名词单数变复数的规则:
巧记以f\fe结尾的可数名词复数妻子骑牛拿起刀,wife,calf,knife ↑追得贼狼满街跑,thief,wolf →→→变f或fe为v,再加es碰倒架子丧己命,shelf,self,life ↓手帕树叶半空飘。handkerchief,leaf,half ↓名词复数的不规则变化:1.不规则形式:child→children(儿童)man→men(男人)woman→women (女人)an Englishman→two Englishmen(英国人)foot→feet(脚)tooth→teeth(牙)mouse→mice(老鼠)ox →oxen(公牛)goose→geese(鹅)2.单复同形:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese, species,means,Swiss除人民币,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, a meter,twometers3.集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数:people police cattle是复数(OK :a person,a policeman,ahead of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss )(Error:a people,a police,a cattle )表示国民总称时,作复数用。(The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。)4.以s结尾,仍为单数的名词maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。news是不可数名词。5.表示由两部分构成的东西,glasses(眼镜) trousers (长裤) clothes(衣服)若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双)a pair of glasses& two pairs of trousers suit(套)6.另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思goods (货物) waters (水域) fishes (各种鱼)可数名词变复数的几种形式:&1) 单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.  &2) 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.   3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies.    4) 以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs,proofs, chiefs. &5) 以o结尾的名词,有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.&&其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos.    6) 不规则名词:foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→men, woman→women, mouse→mice. 7) 单复数同形的名词:sheep,fish,dee. 注意:fish表示种类时,也用fishes这样的形式。 分词:就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词;尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n结尾的英语动词性形容词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,如时态,语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾语的性能。分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式。现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于:现在分词表示"主动和进行",过去分词表示"被动和完成"(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。 现在分词构成形式:①一般在动词原形末尾加ing,如do→doing、sing→singing、comfort→comforting②以不发音的e、ue结尾的动词,先去e,再加ing,如dance→dancing、hike→hiking、write→writing、make→ making,take→taking③以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词加ing,如see→seeing、toe→toeing、dye→dyeing④以重读闭音节结尾的动词,并且末尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这一字母,再加ing,如cut→cutting、swim→swimming注:结尾是x则不必双写,如relax→relaxing⑤以ie结尾的动词,要把ie变成y再加ing,如die→dying,lie→lying.⑥以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ing,如picnic→picnicking,traffic→trafficking
过去分词构成形式:1.规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。(然而要注意的是,过去分词并不是过去式)work---worked---worked ,& visit---visited---visited(2)、以不发音的“ e ” 结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。live---lived---lived(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,try---tried---tried,fry---fried---fried.[1](4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。stop---stopped---stopped& ,& drop---dropped--dropped(5)、以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ed,picnic→picnicked& ,traffic→trafficked2 、不规则动词:见不规则动词表分词用法: 1、分词作状语    分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。    分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。当现在分词表示的动作发&生在谓语动词之前时, 则用现在分词的完成式,且所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生, 则用现在分词的一般式。完成或被动关系用过去分词。    ①现在分词:The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.    ②过去分词:Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.&Given&& better attention, the plants could grow better.    2、“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)+分词”结构    现在分词或过去分词作状语时,有时可以在分词前加while,when, once, although,&until, if等连词。    ①现在分词:When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for& the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……    ②过去分词:Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it& well.    Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.    3、分词作定语    分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。   &We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.   &This is really an exhausting day to all of us!    We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.    After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.    More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with& developed countries    4、分词作宾语补足语    现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语,作宾语补语的成分。 例:I see him passing my house every day.I caught him stealing things in that shop.I smelt something burning.5、分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。过去分词表示主语的感受或状态,主语多为人。现在分词表示主语的性质,而且主语多为物; ①过去分词:We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.She felt confused, and even frightened.②现在分词:He was very amusing.That book was rather boring.很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语:exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.动名词:如果一个动词加上了ing变成了名词,那么这个词称动名词。 动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。由于动名词是由动词变化而来,它仍保留着动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用,作主语、宾语、表语、定语。动名词的结构和形式:动名词的否定结构:动名词的否定结构由not 动名词组成。如: Trying without success is better than not trying at all. 实验没有成功也比不实验好。 He hated himself for not having work hard. 他悔恨自己没有用功。 I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before. 很抱歉,没有早给你打电话。 He felt sorry for not having done the work well. 他为没有把工作做好感到难过。 I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going. 我看不去对你倒好了。(not going 是动名词一般式的否定形式) There is no denying the fact that he si diligent. (no denying 也是动名词一般式的否定)
动名词复合结构:通常情况下,动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语。如果动名词动作的发出者不失谓语动的主语时,则需要有自己的逻辑主语物主代词或名词所有格加动名词就构成了动名词的复合结构,这种结构在句中可以作主语,宾语等。 (1)逻辑主语是有生命的名词作主语时,必须用名词或代词所有格,作宾语时(尤其在口语中),也可用名词普通个或人称代词宾格。如: Do you think my going there will be of any help? 你看我去会有什么帮助吗?(宾语) The student’s knowing English well helps him in learning French. 这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。(主语) Do you mind my(me) smoking ? 你介意我抽烟吗?(宾语) They insist on Mary’s (Mary) going with them there. 他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。(介词宾语) (2)逻辑主语是无生命名词是,通常只用名词普通格。如: Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof? 你听见雨点打在屋顶上了吗? Is there any hope of our team winning the match ? 我们对赢得比赛有希望吗? (3) 逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this that , somebody , someone , nobody, none, anybody, anyone 时,只用普通格。如: She was woken up by somebody shouting outside. 她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了。
动名词的形式(一般式,完成式和被动式):(1) 动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如: We are very interested in collecting stamps. 我们对集邮很感兴趣。 His coming will be of great help to us . 他来对我们大有帮助。 但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词 after, on,upon, 或for之后,常用一般式代替完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。如: I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景。 On hearing that bad news , the mother couldn’t help crying. 一听到这个糟糕的消息,母亲就禁不住哭了起来。 Excuse me for coming late. 我来晚了,请原谅。 Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助。 (2) 动名词的完成式所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。 He regrets not having taken part in the work. 他后悔没有参加这项工作。 We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。 (3)动名词的被动式:当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时,用被动语态。如: I like being given harder work. 我喜欢接受难点的工作。 She is proud of being admitted into the university. 她为被大学录取而感到自豪。 The meeting was put off without his having been consulted. 会议延期并未和他商量。 He doesn’t mind having been criticized. 他不介意过去受到的批评。 动名词与现在分词的关系:动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中,这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。这两种形式的另一个相同之处是:它们都是由动词变化而成的,它们都保留了动词的某些特征,它们都能带自己的宾语、状语,而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。例如:Speaking in the public,he will surely be very cheerful .(现在分词短语,作状语)他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。She hates speaking in the public.(动名词短语,作宾语)她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。
动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是:①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如:My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换)②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如:The story is interesting .不可改为:Interesting is the story.2.动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于:动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。试比较:①a swimming boy和a swimming suit前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”,即a boy who is swimming,现在分词swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作;而后者的意思是“游泳衣”,即a suit for swimming,动名词swimming表示suit 的用途。②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”,即a child who is sleeping,现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态;而后者的意思是“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)”,即 a car which is used for sleeping,动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途。动名词用法口诀:动名词常泛指,句法作用宾/表/定与主,时态/语态之形式,一般/完成/被动式。Being done 系被动,不含任何进行意。用作主语请留意,常用it作形式主语,不指未来发生事,表达的信息系已知。用作表语请记清,作用相当一名词,检验方法很简单,主与表换位能成立。用作定语也易辩,表示名词之用途。用作宾语稍复杂,关键留意谓语动词(跟动名词作宾语的常用动词附后),时态同谓动作比较,先于谓动用完成式,其逻辑主语不固定,在句中/句外均有之。否定式其前加not,复合式其前加物主词,非句首宾格词也可用,尤其口语中更如此。说明:1、主-----主语 2、宾-----宾语 3、表------表语 4、定------定语 5、谓动---谓语动词
动名词的用法: 一、动名词作主语&1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如:    &&&& Swimming is a good sport in summer.    2. 用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。    动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如: It is no use telling him not to worry.    常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等。    注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。    3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如:    There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。   &4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如:    No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). (禁止吸烟)    No parking. (禁止停车)    5. 动名词的复合结构作主语    当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如:   &Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.    二、动名词作宾语 1.作动词的宾语    某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:admit, appreciate, excuse, stand, advise, allow, permit, avoid,& consider, enjoy, finish&&&&& They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继续走,说个不停。&I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。    Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic &regulations.    每当马克违反交通规则时,他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。   &2.作介词的宾语    We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.&我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。    Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?&我们休息呢还是开始干活?    3.作形容词的宾语    The music is well worth listening to more than once.&&这种曲子很值得多听几遍。    We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。 三、动名词作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语、动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。    Your task is cleaning the windows.&& 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)    What I hate most is being laughed at.& 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 四、动名词作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:    a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking    a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing   &a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading    a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring    sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping 动名词是非限定动词的一种形式,由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征,又有名词的特征,故称。动名词也有时态和语态的变化,如表所示(以及物动词write为例),不及物动词没有语态的变化。
动名词使用注意事项:1) 动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数2) 在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词3) 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语例:I would appreciate you calling back this afternoon.4) 有些词后只能接动名词
understand...5) 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法it’ it’s no/little/hardly any/ it’s not/hardly/ it’ spend money/ there’ there’ there’ what’s the use/point6) 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可remember,forget,try,stop,go on,continue,stop,regret,cease,mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式,但意义截然不容。例:remember to do/doing:①I remembered to post the letters.(指未来/过去未来将要做的动作)②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.(我记得做过这个动作)&forget与remember的用法类似。&regret的用法:①I regret to inform you that…(我很遗憾地通知你……)②I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.(为了“二十年前的离开”而遗憾。)&try to(努力)与try +–ing(试验):①You really must try to overcome your shyness.②Try practicing five hours a day.一般过去时:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。基本结构:主语+动词过去式+其他;否定形式①was/were+②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词;一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他。一般过去时句法结构:肯定形式主语+动词过去式+其他例句:She often came to help us in those days.否定形式①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词例句:I didn't know you like coffee一般疑问句①Did+主语+do+其他? ②Was\Were+主语+表语?例句:Did I do that?用表格整理如下:
记忆口诀:一般过去时并不难,过去动作、状态记心间。动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。否定句很简单,didn't 站在动原前,其它部分不要变。一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动原、其它部分依次站。特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记!一般过去时中动词过去式变化规则:
过去式和过去分词
lookedtalked
以不发音字母e结尾
likearrive
likedarrived
以“辅以字母+y”结尾
变y为i,再加ed
fliedstudied
以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写词尾+ed
stoppedplanned&结构句型:1.一般句子I watched TV last night.2.一般疑问句Did you watch TV last night?3.there be 句型There was an apple on the table last night.Was there an apple on the table last night一般过去时注意事项:1.注意主句与从句中时态的一致性如果主句用了过去时,从句中一般也要用过去式,或者过去进行时、过去完成时等。例如:He believed that he was right. 他相信自己是对的。I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。I thought they were with you. 我以为他们和你在一起。2.在口语中, 一般过去时并不一定指真正的过去,而只是表示一种礼貌性语气。例如:I wondered (wonder) if you could do me a favor. 不知你可否帮我一个忙。I wanted (want) to ask if I could borrow your car. 我想问问可否借用你的车。I hoped (hope) you could (can) give me some advice. 我希望你能帮我出点主意。Did (Do) you want to see me? 你想见我吗?3.used to used to 是一个词组,表示“过去曾经是……而现在已经停止了”的动作。例如: I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。(而现在不这样了)I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(而现在不在早晨散步了)一般过去式用法:(1)一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生,也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去的事情。句式:主语+动词过去式+宾语+其它I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟茱莉雅说了几句话。He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子,抽烟抽得可凶了。(2) 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:yesterday,last week ,in& the& past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等.(句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时,取决于动作是否对现在有影响)。Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗?(你现在不饿吗?)Yes,I have. 是的,我已经吃过了。(已经吃饱了,不想再吃了。)When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的?(关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。)I had it about ten minutes ago. 我大约是十分钟以前吃的。)Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。I ate it at 6:45。我在六点四十五分吃了。(3)带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时。如:yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(两天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前几天)、once upon a time(很久以前)、 just now(刚才)、in the old days(过去的日子里)、before liberation(解放前…)、 When I was 8 years old(当我八岁时…)、at+一个时间点Did you have a party the other day?前几天,你们开了晚会了吗?Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷锋是个好战士。注:在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。(4)表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时。这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了。(5)表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与always,never等连用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。(只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。)比较:Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。(说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.彼得太太 总是带着一把伞。(表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦)I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。(不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)(6)如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do(过去常常做,而现在不那样做了)He used to drink alcohol.他过去喝酒。(意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(意味着现在不在早晨散步了)比较:I took a walk in the morning.我曾经在早晨散过步。(只是说明过去这一动作)(7)有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时。I didn''t know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。(因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.)I thought you were ill.我以为你病了呢。(这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病)一般过去时三变技巧:一变:肯定句变为否定句技巧1.当句中含有情态动词或助动词could,would,should等时,可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如:I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket.技巧2.当句中含有系动词was,were 时,可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如:I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you called me. 技巧3.当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在该动词之前加did not / didn't,动词还原,构成否定句。例如:The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs.二变:陈述句变为一般疑问句技巧1.移动词语的位置。将was,were, could,would,should等移到句首。例如:He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself?技巧2.添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在主语之前加did,动词还原。例如:Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old?三变:陈述句变为特殊疑问句技巧1.确定疑问词:人who / whom,物what,地点where,时间when / what time,原因why,频率how often,长度how long,距离how far等等。例如:They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert?技巧2.辨认结构形式:疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+...? 例如:The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen?
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