From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Manipravalam was a literary style used in medieval liturgical texts in , which used an admixture of
and . Manipravalam is termed a mixture of
and . Tamil language was the language of the region, part of , at the time of Manipravalam's genesis and use and its introduction caused a significant transition of Malayalam from Tamil in Kerala. Mani-pravalam literally means ruby-coral, where Mani means ruby in Tamil while Pravalam means Coral in Sanskrit. Malayalam is referred to as ruby and Sanskrit as coral. This was prevalent in
religious literature in
and literary works in .
Since Tamil
did not have characters to represent some Sanskrit sounds, letters from the
were used to represent them. Native words and grammatical endings were written using Vatteluttu, and Sanskrit words were written using Grantha. Essentially, it was a hybrid script composed of Vatteluttu and the Grantha script.
A parallel literary tradition existed during the period that derived inspiration from the Tamil poetic tradition, known by the name pattu. Leelathilakam, a work on grammar and , written in the last quarter of the 14th century in Kerala, discusses the relationship between Manipravalam and Pattu as poetic forms. It lays special emphasis on the types of words that blend harmoniously. It points out that the rules of Sanskrit
should be followed in Manipravalam poetry. This particular school of poetry was patronized by the upper classes, especially the Nambudiris. The composition of this dialect also reflects the way Aryan and Dravidian cultures were moving towards a synthesis.
Dramatic performances given in , known by the names of
and , often used Sanskrit and Malayalam. In Koodiyattom, the clown (vidooshaka) is allowed to use Malayalam while the hero recites
in Sanskrit. , a legendary court poet in the period of the
kings, is believed to have started this practice. The language of Kramadeepikas and Attaprakarams, which lay down the rules and regulations for these dramatic performances, is considerably influenced by the composite literary dialect of Manipravalam. Various
on the life of the
were in manipravalam.
It is suggested that the advent of the Manipravalam style, where letters of the
coexisted with the traditional
letters, made it easier for people in Kerala to accept a Grantha-based script ?rya e?utt?, and paved the way for the introduction of the new writing system. Eventually Va??e?utt? was almost completely supplanted by ?rya e?utt?, that is, the modern .
The Illustrated weekly of India, (1965). Volume 86. Bennett, Coleman & Co., Ltd. pp. 35-37
Blackburn, Stuart (2006). Print, folklore, and nationalism in colonial South India. New York, Springer. p. 29. After about AD 1500, translations from Sanskrit did appear, and unassimilated words began to flood literary T eventually a hybrid idiom (manipravalam) mixing Sanskrit and Tamil words, and Sanskrit words with Tamil inflections, was devised
The Information & Public Relations Department, .
Govindaraju, V , Srirangaraj, Setlur (2009). Guide to OCR for Indic Scripts: Document Recognition and Retrieval. New York, Springer. p. 126.  . Malayalam is closely related to the languages of Tamil and Sanskrit. The language started as a variant of Tamil that was spoken in regions of Kerala. A significant transition from Tamil happened with the introduction of a form of literature called Mani pravalam which freely mixed words from Sanskrit into the language. Most words in traditional Malayalam has its roots in either Tamil or Sanskrit. Due to its lineage to both Sanskrit and Tamil, the Malayalam alphabet has the largest number of letters among the Indian languages.
Menon, T. K. Krishna (1990). . Asian Educational Services. p. 9.  . In Lilatilakam, a very old work on Malayalam grammar, it is shown that Manipravalam is a combination of Malayalam and Sanskrit. The work then says that Tamil there means Malayalam. Tamil was a generic term for all Dravida languages in remote times
Ke Rāmacandr?an Nāyar (1971). Early Manipravalam: a study. Anjali. Foreign Language Study. pp.78
Ayyappappanikkar, Sahitya Akademi - (1997) Medieval Indian literature: an anthology: Volume 2 .Page 300
. Government of Kerala.
, Bhasha India.From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kalabhavan Mani is a
actor and singer. He began his career in
film industry, later he became a busy artist in
industry, especially in villain roles. Although he began his career as a , Mani proved his versatility roles such as serious actor, heroic and villain. He has acted in a number of
films. He proved his acting talent in , in which he plays a blind street singer. He has won
in 1999 for Vasanthiyum Lakshmiyum Pinne Njaanum
Mani was born on 1 January 1971 to Chenathunad Kunnisseri Veettil Raman and Ammini, in , . He is married to veterinary doctor Dr.Nimmy on 22 September 2000 and has a daughter, Sree Lakshmy!. He had a very humble life and was an
driver from .
He started his career as a
artist in Kalabhavan, . He started his acting career in the
film Aksharam as an
driver. Since then, he has acted in several movies as a comedian. His first serious role was in . He has acted in more than 80 films in
and more than 20 in Tamil.
He is also a professional playback singer and a singer of Nadan Paattu (folk songs). His first album was Kannimanga Prayathil. Mani has since established a parallel industry of 'Nadan Pattukal', selling a record number of releases. He has released a few religious songs and Mappila Pattukal.
Mani's career started portraying comedic roles primarily in M he later shifted to serious roles. Eventually he became popular all across South India portraying negative characters in an unusual style. Despite all the popularity, Mani is known for his down-to-earth personality and for providing humanitarian aid to people in need.
2002 - Best Villan (Tamil) - Gemini
2008 - Vanitha Chandrika Award for Best Villain -
2010 - Special Jury Award
Other Awards
2014 Bharat Gopi Fountation Award
It was reported that two forest officials were assaulted allegedly by actor Kalabhavan Mani at Kannankuzhi, near , on Tuesday night (14-May-2013). Range officer U.G. Ramesan and beat forester P. Raveendran sustained injuries on the chest, hands, legs and eyes. The forest officials said that Mani was inebriated.
On December 2013, a complaint was lodged against actor Kalabhavan Mani for misbehaving towards customs officials of the . It has been alleged that the actor, who reached from , misbehaved during customs checking. The customs said the actor threw the bangle which he was wearing when asked whether it was gold.
Later the Customs sources said the
footage of Nov 28, 2013 when he went abroad was examined and it was found that he was wearing the bangle. Hence, he was asked to deposit Rs 5,000 as redemption fine and Rs 2,000 as penalty. The matter was adjudicated by
Saz Navaz and the bangle released.
Police officer
Vishwanathan, Charlie, Charles
Sharp Shooter Suresh
Looyi pappan
Sub Inspector Purushothaman
Sub Inspector Imran Khalid
Sakhav Dasan
Circle Inspector
Sooryakiran
C I Bhargavan
Garudan Raghavan
Manaf Hussain
Changampuzha Pavithran
Jeevan Isaac
Nanthileththu Madhavan
Sankarankutty
Karinkal Pappachan
C I Wahid Abdul Rahman Haji
Madhavankutty
Ponnayaya Thevar
Muthu Chettiyar
Rajagopalan Nair
Ottachavittu Chacko / Johny Kutty / Chacko
Ravanan/Varghese Antony
Lokanathan
Ben Johnson / Pathrose
Police officer
Trade Union Leader
Korathu Raghavan
Chalakkudy Manikanthan (an impersonation of himself)
Manikuttan
Ramakrishnan
Praav / Maniyan
Karimpuli Antony
Classy Kariyachan
Kuppikandam Hamsa&Kannan Bhai
Moythu Pilakkandi
Vakkathi Vasu
Kochu Kurup
Malleswaran
Thiruppathy Perumal / Muniyandi
Phayaalvan Phalgunan
Appu Kuttan Nair, Thomachan
Udumbu Vasu
Kuttan, 'Karumadi'
Gunashekharan
Thankachan
Sudhakaran
'Major' Kuttan
Kattipalli Pappan
Fr. Vettikalan
Sathyanarayanan
Bakkar Parappanangadi
Gopalakrishnan
Superfast Chandren
Fishmonger
Papanasam (2014)
Sankarapuram (2014)
Yarukku Therium (2012)
Kadhal Kisu Kisu" (2003)
(2010) as Pachaimuthu (Cameo)
(2009) as Rajan Vasudev
(2007) as Sakkara Pandi
(2006) as "Mark" Mayandi
(2005) as a police officer
(2005) as House Owner (cameo)
Sevvel (2005)
(Heroine) Father
(2003) as Reddiyar
(2003) as Sivam
Thatti Thaavudhu Manasu (2003)
(2002) as Teja
(1998) as Velu
Sammanam (1995)
Kottaram Veettile Apputtan (1998)
Kannezhuthi Pottum Thottu (1999)
O Priye (2000)
Achaneyanishttam (2001)
Akasthile Paravakal (2001)
The Guard (2001)
Karumadikkuttan (2001)
Bamboo Boys (2002)
Kanmashi (2002)
Vaalkannadi (2002)
Kusruthy Kannan (2003)
Kanninum Kannadiykkum (2004)
Kazhcha (2004)
Malsaram (2004)
Ananthabhadram (2005)
Ben Johnson (2005)
Chacko Randaaman (2006)
Kissan (2006)
Red Salute (2006)
Abraham Lincoln (2007)
Evan (2007)
Kabadi Kabadi (2008)
Twenty Twenty (2010)
mani friend rajesh (2011)
Sreedhar Pillai (25 April 2002). . The Hindu.
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