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高中英语语法系列之插入语&
(摘自老杨工作室)
插入语的作用　　插入语一般对一句话作一些附加的说明。它是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考的考点。通常与句中其它部分没有语法上的联系，将它删掉之后，句子结构仍然完整。插入语在句中有时是对一句话的一些附加解释、说明或总结；有时表达说话者的态度和看法；有时起强调的作用；有时是为了引起对方的注意；还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用；也可以承上启下，使句子衔接得更紧密一些。 插入语的类型　　掌握这一语言现象不仅有利于对英语句子等的理解，还有利于提高写作等的水平。插入语的类型较多，常见的如下几种： 一、形容词（短语）作插入语。　　能用作插入语的形容词（短语）常见的有：true，wonderful，excellent，strange to say，most important of all，sure enough等。如：　True, it would be too bad.真的，太糟了。　Wonderful, we have won again.太好了，我们又赢了。　
Strange to say, he hasn't got my letter up to now. 说来也奇怪，他到现在还没有收到我的信。　
Most important of all, we must learn all the skills. 最重要的是，我们必须掌握所有的技巧。 二、副词（短语）作插入语。　　能用作插入语的副词（短语）有：indeed，surely，still，otherwise，certainly，however，generally， personally，honestly，(un)fortunately( badly) ，luckily（happily）for sb. ，though，besides，exactly，perhaps，maybe，probably，frankly，or rather等。如：
When he got there, he found, however, that the weather was too bad.(可是到了那儿之后他发现，那儿的天气太坏了。)
Otherwise, he would still be at home.(不然的话，他还会在家的。) 三、介词短语作插入语。　　能用作插入语的介词短语有：in fact，in one's opinion，in general，in a word，in other words，in a few words，of course，by the way，as a result，for example，on the contrary，on the other hand，to one's surprise，in short，as a matter of fact，in conclusion，in brief等。如：You can't wait anymore-in other words，you should start at once.(你不能再等了——换言之，你得立即出发。)　
On the contrary, we should strengthen our corporation with them.(相反，我们应该加强和他们的合作。) 四、V-ing（短语）作插入语。　　能用作插入语的V-ing（短语）常见的有：generally speaking，strictly speaking，judging from by，talking of， considering等。　如：
　Generally speaking，the weather there is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.(一般来说，那儿的气候冬天不太冷，夏天不太热。)　Judging by his clothes, he may be an artist.(从衣着来判断，他可能是个艺术家。) 五、不定式短语作插入语。　　能用作插入语的不定式短语有：to be frank\ honest\ sure\exact，to tell you the truth，to make matters\things worse，to sum up，to start with，to begin with等。如：　
To be frank，I don't quite agree with you. 坦率地说，我不太同意你的意见。　
To tell you the truth，I'm not so interested in the matter. 跟你说实话，我对这件事情的兴趣不大。　
To sum up，success results from hard work. 总而言之，成功是艰苦努力的结果。
六、句子（陈述句和一般疑问句）作插入语。能用作插入语的句子有：I am sure，I believe，I think，I know，I suppose，I hope，I'm afraid，you see， what's more，that is to say，as we know，as I see，believe it or not等。如：　
Some animals only half-hibernate，that is to say，their sleep is not such a deep one. 有些动物只是半冬眠,就是说,它们的睡眠并不是深度睡眠。I believe，China will catch up with the developed countries sooner or later. 我确信，中国迟早会赶上发达国家。　
He can't pass the exam，because he doesn't study hard. What's more，he isn't so clever. 他不能通过这次考试，因为他学习不认真，更何况他又不太聪明。
Technology, as a general rule, is the friend of movie making, as it is, I think, the friend of all the arts.&一般而言，高科技是电影制作的朋友。实际上，我认为高科技是一切艺术的朋友。插入语的使用　　插入语（句）是说话者对所表达意思的补充、强调、解释或者说话的态度，其位置灵活，常常用逗号或破折号与其他成分隔开，并且在语法上不影响其他成分。例如： 　　I think, she has no feeling for your trouble. / She, I think, has no feeling for your trouble. 我想，她对你的遭遇无动于衷。 一 . 插入语的出现形式　　1. 插入语常以副词（副词短语),,形容词（形容词短语）, 介词短语, 非谓语动词短语等形式出现。 　　（ 1 ）常见的副词及短语：indeed，surely，however，obviously，frankly，naturally，luckily / happily for sb. certainly 等。 　　（ 2 ）常见的形容词及短语：funny，needless to say （不用说）, most important of all 等。 　　（ 3 ）常见的介词短语：by the way，in a few words / in sum / in short （简而言之），in other words，in general，in one's opinion / judgment （按照某人的意见），in fact，in the first place，of course，to one's knowledge / surprise / regret /satisfaction / mind / joy / disappointment 等。 　　（ 4 ）常见的现在分词短语：strictly / generally / honestly / personally / exactly / physically / speaking （严格地 / 一般地 / 坦诚地等）说； judging from / by …（根据……判断）等。 　　（ 5 ）常见的动词不定式短语： to be sure （无疑地）， to sum up （概括地说）， to tell the truth， to be honest， to be short， to conclude， to put it briefly， to put it in another way， to begin （ start ） with 等。 　　注意：上述单词或短语作插入语和状语时的区别。例如： 　　1 ）Frankly, he'd like to listen to music. （副词作插入语，表示说话人的态度） 　　&&&&&& Here you should speak frankly. （副词作状语） 　　2 ）True, your daughter is at home now. （形容词作插入语） 　　&&&&&&&He came back，hungry and tired. （形容词作状语） 　　3 ）Judging from what he said, he does look down his elder brother.（现在分词作插入语,其主语不是句中的主语,只是说话者的附加说明） 　　&&&&&& Seeing from the window, he can see the lake. （现在分词作状语，逻辑主语是句中的主语 he ） 　&& 4 ）To tell you the truth, he doesn't quite agree with this idea. （不定式作插入语，动作主体不是句中的主语，只是说话者的附加说明） 　　&&&&& To buy the machine, he went to Beijing. （不定式作目的状语，逻辑主语是句中的主语 he ） 　　2. 插入句为简短的、具有完整意义的句子。常见的插入句如下：I think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose， I am sure （我可以肯定地说），that is （ to say ）（也就是说），it seems （看来是），as I see it （照我看来），what's more，what's worse，what is important / serious （重要 / 严重的是），I'm afraid （恐怕） ，it is said （据说），as we all know（众所周知）等。 　　插入句独立性强，一般用标点符号将其与其他句子成分隔开。应当特别注意疑问句的插入句，它一般为倒装语序且无任何标点符号，而且整个疑问句应当保持陈述语序。例如： 　　（ 1 ） What should I do first？ 【What do you think I should do first？ （被插入的疑问句原来为倒装语序，插入后成为陈述语序）】 　　（ 2 ） Who is singing？ 【Who do you think is singing？ （被插入的疑问句原来就是陈述语序，不需要做调整）】 二 . 插入语（句）例题及解析　　1. 单项选择。由于插入语通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系，命题者有意在句中插入一个从句或插入语，造成主谓分离，给考生的理解带来一定的困难和干扰。例如： 　　（ 1 ） He made another wonderful discovery, ____ of great importance to science. （上海 1998 ） 　　A. which I think is&&& B. which I think it is 　C. which I think it&& D. I think which is 　　分析：这是一个非限制性定语从句， which 在从句中作主语，代替 the discovery .做这类题目的方法是先将插入语 I think 去掉，然后再将句子还原成为 He made another wonderful discovery， which is of great importance to science. 问题就迎刃而解了。正确答案： A . 　　（ 2 ） In fact ____ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. （上海 2001 ） 　　A. this&&&&& B. that&&&&&&& C. there&&&&& D. it 　　分析： in fact 在句中实际担当插入语，只不过没用逗号隔开，意思是“实际上，对警察来说在一次重大的足球比赛中，维持秩序是一项困难的工作”。空格容易把句子当成 fact 的同位语从句而误选 B .正确答案： D 　　（ 3 ）－ Alice，you feed the birds today, ____？ 　　－ But I fed them yesterday. （广东 1999 ） 　　A. do you&&&& &B. will you　& C. didn't you&&&&& D. don't you 　　分析：这是特设语境，插入语 Alice 暗示后面句子为带主语的祈使句，正确答案： B . 　　（ 4 ） Who do you think ____ us a talk this afternoon？ 　　A. to give&&&&& B. gave 　C. will give&&&& D. giving 　　分析：do you think 是一个插入语，将其去掉的话，剩余部分用陈述语序。正确答案： C . 　　（ 5 ） Philip is a New Yorker, ____, he lives in New York. 　　A. that is B. besides 　C. after all D. in one word 　　分析：直接选择适合上下文语境的插入语。正确答案： A . 　　2. 阅读理解和完形填空。阅读中出现大量插入语会增加理解障碍。熟练掌握插入语，有利于分析句子结构，理解文章大意。例如： I， of course， like a bicycle better. It doesn't cost me much， yet it brings me a lot of convenience. What's more， it doesn't pollute the air. Bicycles are really good friends of people's. 　　3. 写作。书面表达要求语言连贯、地道，恰当使用插入语，可以给文章增色不少。例如： Like most of my schoolmates，I have neither brothers nor sisters － in other words，I am an only child. My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can to make sure that I get a good education. They do not want me to do any work at home；they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I'll get good marks in all my subjects. We may be one family and live under the same roof，but we do not seem to get much time to talk together. It looks as if my parents regard me as a visitor or a guest. Do they really understand their own daughter？How things are in other homes，I wonder. （ NMET 2001 ） 　　强化训练： 　　I. 单项选择： 1. Mr. Anderson, ____ I thought died three years ago， is still living. 　　A. who&&&&B.whom 　　C. that&&&D. which 2. John plays football ____, if not be better than David. 　　A. as well&&&&& B. as well as 　　
C. so well&&&&& D. so well as 3. The truth, sir, is that the old man ____ across the road when the car hit him . 　　A. was to walk 　　B. had been walking 　　
C. walked 　　 &&&D. was walking 4. The repair work of Angkor Watt ____ would last at least ten years was completed within eight years. 　A. which people supposed 　　B. which people supposed it 　　 &&C. which people supposed that is 　　
D. people supposed that 5. He worked late last night, ___, early this morning. 　　A. that is&&&&&&&B. even worse 　　
C. or rather&&&&&& D. namely 6. He must have believed, I think, ____ I am a lazy boy. 　　A. that&&& B. /&&&&C.which&&&D. what 7. ____ we all know, he was a famous writer. 　　A. Which&&&&B&As 　　C. What&&&D. / 8. ____ from the number of the cars, he thought, there weren't many people at the restaurant yet. 　　A. Judging&&&B. Judged 　　
C. To judge&& D. Being judged 9. What ____ had to be finished before Friday？ 　　A. they say&&&& B. they said 　　
C. did they say&&D. do they say 10. He came home after midnight, and ____, &he was drunk. 　　A. even more&&& B. very much 　
C. what's worse&& D. so much 11. Mrs. Patti gave us another wonderful talk, ___ &of great importance to our English study. 　　A. I think which is&&& B. I think it is&&&
C. which I think is&&& D. which I think it 12. Paula refused the invitation to David's party the next week, ____ of course made him puzzled. 　　A. what&&& B. where 　C. when&&& D. which II. 完成句子。 　　13. 严格说来，加拿大英语和美国英语不完全一样。 　　_______，Canadian English is not the same as American English. 　　14. 老实说，我不同意你的想法。 　　________，I can't agree to your idea. 　　15. 依我看来，青年人喜欢流行音乐。 　　_______，young people enjoy pop music. 　　Key： 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. C 　　6. A 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. C 　　
11. C 12. D 13. Strictly speaking &&&&&&&14. To be honest 　　
15. In my opinion / From my point 　　插入语六大用法小结 　　在英语学习中，插入语是一个比较重要的知识点。由于插入语是一种独立成分，通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系，许多同学在学习过程中会有一定的困难。其实，插入语大都是对一句话进行附加说明或解释，通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成，常置于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。下面举例归纳插入语的几种用法。 　　例1 _____the more expensive the camera， the better its quality. 　　A.General speaking&&&&& B.Speaking general 　　C.Generally speaking&&&&&& D.Speaking generally 　　解析：本题答案为C.generally speaking为分词短语，意思是“一般来说”，在句中用作插入语。 　　小结：许多分词短语可以用作插入语，这样的分词短语有：strictly speaking（严格地说），generally considering（一般认为）， judging from……（根据……判断）等。 　　例2 Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ____，neither of them could swim. 　　A.In fact&&&&&&& B.Luckily 　　C.Unfortunately&&&&&& D.Naturally 　　解析：本题答案为C.unfortunately为副词，意思是“令人遗憾地，不巧，可惜”，在句中用作插入语。 　　小结：常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有：indeed（的确），surely（无疑），however（然而），frankly（坦率地说），obviously（显然），naturally（天然地），luckily （happily） for sb.（算某人幸运），fortunately（幸好），strangely（奇怪），briefly（简单地说）等。 　　例3 Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard, _____, you failed. 　　A.in the end&&& &&&&&&&&&B.after all　　
&&&C.in other words&&&&&& D.at the same time 　　解析：本题答案为C.in other words为介词短语，意思是“换句话说”，在句中用作插入语。 　　小结：常用作插入语的介词短语有：in conclusion（总之），in a word（简而言之），in short（简而言之），in general（一般说来），in a sense（在某种意义上），in my view（在我看来），in his opinion（按照他的看法），in fact（事实上），at first（首先）， in addition（此外），of course（当然），to my surprise（使我惊奇的），to her regret（使她遗憾的），for example（例如）等。 　　例4 It is so nice to hear from her._____，we last met more than thirty years ago. 　　A.What‘s more&&&&&& B.That is to say 　　
&&&C.In other words&&&&&& D.Believe it or not 　　解析：本题答案为D.believe it or not为一分句，意思是“信不信由你”，在句中作插入语。 　　小结：用简短的句子结构作插入语，它们常置于句中或句末。这类简短的句子有：I am sure（我可以肯定地说），I believe（我相信），do you know（你知道吗），you see（你明白），I’m afraid（恐怕），it is said（据说），I suppose（我想），what’s more（而且），what’s worse（更糟糕的是），that is（也就是说），what is important（重要的是）等。 　　例5 _____ with you，I have no money to spare. 　　A.To be frank&&&& &&&&B.What’s more 　　
C.In addition&&&&&& D.However 　　解析：本题答案为A.to be frank为不定式短语，意思是“坦率地说”，在句中用作插入语。 　　小结：常用作插入语的不定式短语有：to be sure（无疑地），to sum up（概括地说），to tell the truth（老实说）等。 　　例6 ___ ,&he should have done such a thing. 　　A.Speaking general&&&&& B.Strange to say 　 &&C.Luckily&&&&& &D.Of course 　　解析：本题答案为B.strange to say为形容词短语，意思是“说也奇怪”，在句中用作插入语。 　　小结：常用作插入语的形容词或其短语有：true（真的），funny（真可笑），needless to say（不用说），most important of all（最为重要），worse still（更糟糕的），even better（更好）等。 三 . 插入语（句）练习及答案　　1.___, he often forgot to turn off the lights.　　 A.Evenbetter&&&& B.Strange&&&& C.However&&&& D.Fortunately 　　2.Greenland, ____ island in the world，covers over two million square kilometers. 　　A.it is the largest&&&B.that is the largest 　　 &&&C.is the largest&&&&&& D.the largest 　　3.An awful accident ___, however, occur the other day.　　A.does&&&& B.did&&&& C.hasto&&&&& D.had to 　　4.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise，she ____ something she would regret later. 　　A.had said&&&&& B.said&&&&&
C.might say&&&&& D.might have said 　　5.Boris has brains. In fact，I doubt whether anyone in the class has ____IQ. 　　A.a high&&&&& &&&&B.a
C.the higher&&&&& D.the highest 　　6.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ____ of course, made the others envy him.　　A.who&&&&& B.that&&&&& C.what&&&D.which 　　7.____ the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation.　　 A.Given&&&&& B.Togive&&&&&
&C.Giving&&&& D.Having given 　　8.____, success results from hard work. 　　A.Worse still&&&& B.Sure enough 　
C.To sum up&&&& D.What’s worse 　　9.As I know，there is ____ car in this neighborhood. 　　A.no such&&&&& B.no a&&&&&
C.not such&&&&& D.no such a 　　10.He made another wonderful discovery, ___ of great importance to science. 　　A.which I think is&&&&&& B.which I think it is 　　C.which I think it&&&&&& D.I think which is 　　11.One day, ___ , Newton saw an apple fall from a tree. 　　A.to sum up&&&&& B.what’s more&&&&
C. it is said&&&&&D.in addition&
&&&&& 12.&The number 13 is a special number, ____, I think, that will be hated by the foreigners.
A.what &&&&&& B. it &&&&& &&&&&
C. which&&&& && D. one
13.Nowadays teenagers like to go to the fast food restaurant, ____, as the name says, eating needn't take much time.
A.which&&&&&&&&&B.however&&&&&&&&& &&C. therefore&&&&&&&D. where
&14. Such poets as Shakespeare ___ widely read, of whose works, however, some ___ difficult to understand.
&A. are&&B. is&&C. is&&& D. is are
& 15. In many people's opinoin, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant ___.
A. to deal with&&& B. dealing with&&&
C. to be dealt with&&& D. dealt with　　16.After&five&hours'&drive,they&reached&____&they&thought&was&the&place&they'd&been&dreaming&of. &A&that&&&B&where&&&C&which&& D&what 【参考答案】　　1～5 BDBDB 6～15 DACAACDDAAD
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师范教育处 主办技术支持电话：7-1010 邮箱：(请将#替换成@)2013八上英语Unit 7 Will people have robots讲义、练习
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2013八上英语Unit&7&Will&people&have&robots讲义、练习
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掌握Unit7 Will people have robots?重要短语和句型；熟悉一般将来时的基本结构及意义；注意there be句型的一般将来时结构及其拓展。
教学重点和难点
近义词、反义词的意义及用法区别，如more，less，fewer；各种从句如宾语从句和定语从句意义的辨析和分析方法；主将从现原则的理解。
新目标、教辅
教学流程及授课详案
Unit7 Will people have robots?
考点1& Do you think there will be robots in people's homes?
1.Do you think...? 结构通常用来征求对方的意见或看法，后面接宾语从句，从句用陈述语序。本句的肯定回答用"Yes,there will."，否定回答用"No,there won't."。
& ---Do you think there will be robots in school?你认为学校将来会有机器人吗？
& ---Yes, there will. 是的，会有。
&拓展：do you think还可以用作插入语，在特殊疑问句中放在特殊疑问词之后，疑问句其他部分用陈述语序。
&Where do you think he comes from?你认为他是哪里人？
2.there will be是there be句型的一般将来时，意为"将有..."，也可用there is\are going to be来表示。
&（1）肯定句：there will be+主语+其他
&& There will be many tourists in our city next year.明年我们的城市将有很多的游客。
&（2）否定句：there will not\won't be+主语+其他
&& There won't be many people at tomorrow's party.明天的聚会上不会有很多人。
&（3）一般疑问句：will there be+主语+其他？其肯定回答为"Yes,there will."，否定回答为"No,there won't."。
&& ---Will there be much time left?会剩下很多时间吗？
&& ---Yes, there will.\No,there won't.是的，会。\不，不会。
&（4）特殊疑问句：疑问词+will there be+主语+其他？
& When will there be more free time?什么时候会有更多的空闲时间？
拓展：there be 句型的时态变化
&&&& 时态&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 句子结构
&& 一般现在时&&&&&&&&&&&&&& there is\are...
&& 一般过去时&&&&&&&&&&&&&& there was\were...
&& 一般将来时&&&&&&&&&&&&&& there will be...\there is\are going to be...
注意： there be句型中不能用have\has表示"有..."；there be 后面接并列名词时，谓语动词应与最近的名词在单复数上保持一致。
EX：1.---Do you think Tina will go to Hong Kong?
&&&&& --- &&&&&&&&&&&.
& A.Yes,she does.&&&&&& B.No,I don't.&&&&& C.Yes, she will.&&&&&& D.No,she doesn't.
2.---Do you think there will be a football match on TV tonight.
& --- &&&&&&&&&&&.
& A.Yes,I do.&&&&&& B.No,I will.&&&&& C.Yes, there won't.&&&&&& D.No,there won't.
3.There&&&&&&&& a sports meeting in our school next Monday.
& A.will have&&&&&& B.is going to have&&&&& C.will be&&&&&&& D.are going to be
4.---Dale,there&&&&&&&& a dictionary and some books on your desk.Please put them away.
&---OK,mum.I'll do it right away.
&A.is&&&&& B.are&&&& C.has&&&& D.have
考点2 I think every home will have a robot.我认为每个家庭都将有一个机器人。
"will+动词原形"构成一般将来时。
（1）一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如tomorrow,next year,"in+时间段"等。一般将来时由"助动词will+动词原形"构成，第一人称还可以用shall。
& I will\shall go to the park tomorrow.我明天要去公园。
&（2）will和be going to 都可以表示将来，但有区别。Will表示单纯的将来概念，而be going to强调事先经过考虑、安排而或打算要做某事，或者概括某种迹象判断某事有可能发生。
&（3）一般将来时的否定构成： 在will\shall 后面加not。Will not可缩写为won't。
&（4）变为一般疑问句：将will\shall提到主语前面。其肯定回答为"Yes,主语+will."，否定回答为"No,主语+won't."。
EX：1.I&&&&& &&&go shopping tomorrow, but mu brother&&&&&&&&& .
A.am,won't&&&&&& B.will,will&&&&&& C.will,won't&&&&&& D.won't,does
2.If he reads English every day,he&&&&&&& his spoken English better.
&& A.won't make&&&&&& B.will make&&&&&&& C.makes&&&&&& D.doesn't make
3.---Please bring little David next time you come to Anhui.
& --- &&&&&&&&,thank you.
&& A.I will&&&&&& B.I hope so&&&&&& C.That's right&&&&&& D.My pleasure
考点3 Will people use money in 100years? &一百年后人们还会用钱吗？
辨析：in,after与later
In和after都可以表示"在...之后"，但用法有所不同。
&In是指以现在时间为起点的"在一段时间以后"，也可以表示"在将来多少时间之内"，句中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态。
&& He will be back in two days.他将在两天后回来。
&After常常指以过去时间为起点的"在一段时间之后"，所以它常与过去时态连用。当after指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后或指以将来某一时间为起点的若干时间之后时，它可以与将来时态连用。
&& He started on Sunday and arrived in Beijing after three days.他星期天动身，3天后到达北京。
&& I'll be free after Friday.我星期五之后有空。
&& He will be back after three o'clock.他3点之后回来。
&Later 是副词，表示"一段时间之后"，构成"一段时间+later"短语，用于过去时；如果单独使用，可与将来时或过去时连用。
&& Nine months later they were discovered.九个月之后，他们被发现了。
1.My mother has gone to Hong Kong,she will be back&&&&&&&&&& a week.
2.He went to his hometown&&&&&&&& three years.
3.---How soon will the plane take off?
&--- &&&&&&&&&&about five minutes.
4.---They will meet us in two hours.
&---That's to say,&&&&&&&&&&&& &three o'clock?
5.His father went to Beijing a week ago.Two days&&&&&& ,he went to Tianjin.
6.&&&&&&&&&& On,I realized that it doesn't matter if you don't understand every word.
考点4 There will be less free time.将会有更少的闲暇时间。
&&&&& There will be fewer people.将会有更少的人。
&&&&& There will be more pollution.将会有更多的污染。
1.辨析：fewer与less
&Fewer与less分别为few和little的比较级，都意为"更少的"。Fewer与可数名词复数形式连用，其反义词为many的比较级more。
&less与不可数名词连用，其反义词为much的比较级more。
& They buy fewer cigarettes and less beer now.现在他们买的香烟和啤酒少些了。
拓展：less也可作副词，意为"较少地，更少地"，常用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其反义词为more，用法与less相同。
&Eat less,drink less and sleep more.少吃，少喝，多睡觉。
注意：few,little含有否定意味，意味"几乎没有"
&&&&& a few, a little含有肯定意味，意味"一点，一些"
2.pollution n.污染，污染物
&短语：white pollution白色污染&&&&&&&& noise pollution噪音污染
&&&&&& air pollution空气污染&&&&&&&&&& water pollution水污染
&拓展：pollute&& v.（使）污染
&Many rivers are polluted by the waste water from nearby factories.很多河流被来自附近工厂的废水所污染。
&&&&& Polluted&& adj.被污染的&&&&&&&& polluted water被污染了的水
&You mustn't swim in the polluted river.你禁止在被污染了的河中游泳。
1.The doctor told Jenny to eat&&&&&& vegetables and&&&&&&& meat because she was getting heavier and heavier.
&A.much,little&&&& B.more,less&&&& C.many,few&&&& D.more,fewer
2.Many old people get sick because of serious air&&&&&&&&& (pollute).
3.Waste water from chemical factories maybe&&&&&&&& (pollute) the sea.
²&&&&&&& Section B
考点5 space station太空站
&Space不可数名词，意为"太空，空间"，一般情况下不与冠词连用，但如果space前面有表示太空情况的形容词（如dark,cold,airless）修饰，则可与定冠词连用。
&The earth travels around the sun in space.地球在太空中围绕太阳旋转。
辨析：space,room与place
&Space作"太空"讲时，是不可数名词；作"空间，空地"讲时，可与room互换。
&Room作"房间"讲时是可数名词；作"空间，地方"讲时是不可数名词，指可以容纳东西或其他目的而可占据、使用的空间。
&& Make room for...为...腾出空间
&Place 指某一具体"地点，地方"，是可数名词。
EX：1.---There is not enough&&&&&&& for us in the lift.
&&&&& ---No hurry. Let's wait for next .
&&&& A.ground&&&&& B.floor&&&&& C.place&&&&& D.room
2.Is there any&&&&&&&&& for me? I want a good&&&&&& &.
&& A.space,room&&&&& B.room,space&&&&& C.place,room&&&& D.room,place
3.This desk takes up too much&&&&&&&&& .
&& A.places&&&&& B.rooms&&&&& C.place&&&&& D.room
4.I hope to walk into&&&&&&& one day.
& A.the space&&&&&& B.space&&&&&& C.spaces& &&&&D.a space
考点6 However, they agree it may take hundreds of years.然而，他们同意这可能还要花费几百年的时间。
Hundred百，一百的&&& a hundred years ago一百年以前
&He weighs more than one hundred kilograms.他体重超过100公斤。
Hundreds of 表示不确切的数目，意为"数百，好几百，成百上千"。
&Hundreds of students will take part in the games.成百上千的学生将会参加这次比赛。
拓展：hundred，thousand(千),million(百万)表示不确切的数目时，在词尾加s,且和of连用，表示"数百，数千，数百万"。但当这些词千有数词或several,some等修饰词时则不加s,也不跟介词of连用，直接跟名词。
&Several hundred visitors will come to visit our school today.
&= Hundreds of visitors will come to visit our school today.今天会有数百名参观者到我们学校来参观。
1.Nanjing is a city with many places of interest.&&&&&&&& Tourists come here every year.
&& A.Thousand of&&&&&& B.Thousand&&&&&&& C.Thousands&&&&&& D.Thousands of
2.---Have you seen the CCTV news on TV? & ---Yes, &&&&&&&&&&&children had a good festival on the&&&&&&& Children 's Day. && A.thousands of,sixty&&&& B.sixty&&& C.thousands of,sixtieth&&& D.ten thousand,sixtieth
考点7 During the week,I'll wear smart clothes.在平时，我将穿讲究的衣服。 During& prep.在...期间 & I went to see my uncle during my stay in Beijing.我在北京逗留期间去看了我叔叔。辨析：during，in与for During指"在...时间内，在...的期间"，一般有明确的时间长度和起止时间。谓语动词常为持续性的动作或状态，时间段前常有限定词（the,物主代词等），表特指。 & He asked many questions during the three meetings.在这三次会议期间他问了许多问题。 In "在...时间内"，一般情况下可以和during互换，用in时往往强调某一动作发生在某一时间段中的某一时间点；during既可用在"在整个时间段期间"，也可用在"某时间段内的某个时间点"。 & Mike put his hand up three times during\in the class.在这节课内，迈克举了三次手。 For"（时间）长达..."，强调时间由始至终，动作也贯穿这段时间的始终，可以和完成时或过去时连用。强调持续时间的长短，回答how long的问题；而during则指动作所发生的时间，回答when的问题。 & He stayed in Beijing for two years.他在北京待了两年。 & He swims every day during the summer.夏天他每天去游泳。 EX 1.The twins lived there&&&&&& the years . & A.during&&&&&&& B.between&&&&&& C.in&&&&& D.at &m 2.His father joined the army&&&&&& the Second World War. 3.---How long have you had the bike? &--- &&&&&&&two months. 4.She didn't say a word &&&&&&&the meal. 5.He will come back from Shanghai&&&&&&& &three days. 6.He studied in the new school&&&&&&&& only half a month. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 家长签名：
文 章来源 莲山 课 件 w w w.5Y k J. c oM
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