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　　1 acrophobia 恐高症 Acro-高;phobia-恐惧
　　2 affiliate 支部;分会;子公司
　　3 aperitif 饭前酒 Aperient 泻药
　　4 appetizer 开胃菜
　　5 ASAP =as soon as possible 越快越好
　　6 baggage claim 行李提领处
　　7 banner 标语;旗帜 建筑物禁止(ban)贴标语
　　8 bill of lading 提货单
　　9 billiards 台球，撞球 Billion和Milliard都是“十亿”的意思
　　10 boarding pass 登机牌
　　11 bond 债券
　　12 brainstorm 脑力激荡，集思广益
　　13 brochure 小册子 Broke+“袖”，把袖子剪破就可以放小册子
　　14 buckle up 系安全带
　　15 buffet 自助餐
　　16 burglar 窃贼;夜间入屋行窃的小偷 Burgle-“不够”，盗贼永远都不会满足
　　17 buyout/buy out 买进全部产权或股权;收购全部
　　18 checkout 结帐退房的时间 check out 办理退房;结帐离开
　　19 chef 主厨;大厨 注意读音有点像“学府”，现在连厨师都要学历
　　20 choreography 舞蹈设计;编舞 Chore 家务，芙蓉姐姐表演过个干家务活舞蹈
　　21 circular 广告;传单;通告 传单到处发太浪费，应该循环利用(circulate)
　　22 commitment 承诺;许诺
　　23 concierge 管理员;门房 “看戏碍着”，去看戏忘了带票，被看门的拦着
　　24 consignee 收件人;受托人
　　25 contagious 接触传染的
　　26 contractor 立契约人;承包商
　　27 convertible 敞篷车，可改变的
　　28 conveyance 运输;交通工具 Convey 搬运，传达
　　29 cost-effective 符合成本效益的
　　30 courier 递送急件的信差;邮物专递公司 Carrier 邮递员
　　31 crash landing 迫降
　　32 crave 渴望 “魁梧”，渴望长得很魁梧
　　33 cross-reference 前后参照;(使)前后参照
　　34 cruise 乘船游览
　　35 cuisine 烹调
　　36 curriculum vitae 履历 Vita 个人简历，&幕
　　38 cutting edge 尖刻;尖锐;先锋地位 尖端的
　　39 default 违约;弃权
　　40 delicacy 佳肴;微妙
　　41 depreciation 跌价;贬值
　　42 dissuade 劝阻 Dissuade sb. from = Persuade sb. not to do
　　43 down payment 头期款;预付金;定金
　　44 embezzle 盗用;挪用;侵占(公款等) “硬逼走”
　　45 endorse 赞同;支持;签名;背书(重点)
　　46 entice 诱惑;引诱
　　47 entree 主菜，入场许可 Entrance 入口
　　48 etiquette 礼节;规范
　　49 excruciating 极痛苦的;极度的 Ex + crucia+ting， Exposed to 酷暑，还要“挺”
　　50 fancy 精心设计的;特技的;花俏的;昂贵的
　　51 farfetched 牵强的;不大可信的;不自然的 Far to fetch
　　52 ferry 渡轮
　　53 floppy(disk) 软盘 Loppy 无力地下垂的
　　54 forfeit 罚款;丧失
　　55 forward 送到，转号
　　56 franchise 经销权;加盟权 火箭队的Francis的外号就叫特权
　　57 ground crew 地勤人员
　　58 haggle 讨价还价 别像“黑狗”一样争价
　　59 hands-on 实地操作的;亲身体验的
　　60 hilarious 狂欢的;令人捧腹的
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京公网安备82号日托福考试解析汇总
10183 学分
来自: 超级蚂蚁
　　阅读解析
　　作者：新东方葛旭 来源：新东方网
　　TOPIC 宇宙认知
　　版本一：
　　说的是对宇宙的认知问题，文章开始讲了两个人们在研究宇宙问题时候遇到的两个问题。
　　第一是你只能定位，却不能明白他们到底有多远。例子是你看天空时候，你只看到物体在天上的某个位置不懂离你多远。
　　第二个问题是，你不知道星系物体间的相对距离，因为观测的结果是由人们收集到到星体亮度和星体离地球的距离决定的
　　第二段提到哈勃望远镜，人们受制于观测设备的限制不能更多的理解外太空的星球。
　　有一种PARALLAX什么的方法可以解决这个问题，之后用左右手在眼前距离的变化，解释了PARALLAX的工作原理——观测点会影响视觉的效果.
根据这个原理开发出了这种技术可以帮助太空工作人员了解宇宙结构。但是这种结构仅适用于地球附近的这样一个范围，太远了这个技术就用不着了。
　　最后作者认为随着观测设备的进步人类一定可以更好地探索宇宙的结构。
　　版本二：
　　讲的是测量行星的distance，尤其是在galaxy里面的行星是很难观测的。
　　一开始是说用肉眼看到的行星可能你感觉一样亮，但其实他们的distance 是different 的，这里有一道考题，答案就是distance
different。然后说道望远镜可以观测行星，such
as哈勃望远镜，有问题问为什么提到哈勃望远镜。但是有一个问题是，用望远镜观测只能观测到brightness我觉得意思就是说观测的时候只能看到行星反射太阳光的一面，这种bright有的强，有的很弱，有的甚至很难看出强弱的关系，所以很难确定行星的distance。然后文中举了一个例子：我记得非常清楚，在这里详细阐述。这个例子就是源于大家生活中的常识，当你把手指放在两眼之间，你变换左右眼去看它，会发现它移动了位置，手指距离你越近这个移动的位置变化越大越明显(因为我当时考的时候自己还试了一下)。但是如果手指离你很远，这个位置变化就不是很明显了。考题：这个例子说明了啥(大致是这个意思)然后说，这个方法，就是刚刚说的手指的距离，可以通过测量这个距离来测量行星离地球的distance,其实行星也是这样，当行星的
distance超过了这个距离的时候，这个偏差就非常小，很难观测出来，有考题：答案就是above这个某个距离的时候难观测。
　　Parallax
　　Parallax is a displacement or difference in the apparent position of an
object viewed along two different lines of sight, and is measured by the angle
or semi-angle of inclination between those two lines.[i] The term is derived
from the Greek παρ?λλαξι? (parallaxis), meaning "alteration". Nearby objects
have a larger parallax than more distant objects when observed from different
positions, so parallax can be used to determine distances.
　　Astronomers use the principle of parallax to measure distances to celestial
objects including to the Moon, the Sun, and to stars beyond the Solar System.
For example, the Hipparcos satellite took measurements for over 100,000 nearby
stars. This provides a basis for other distance measurements in astronomy, the
cosmic distance ladder. Here, the term "parallax" is the angle or semi-angle of
inclination between two sight-lines to the star.
　　Parallax also affects optical instruments such as binoculars, microscopes,
and twin-lens reflex cameras that view objects from slightly different angles.
Many animals, including humans, have two eyes with overlapping visual fields
that use parallax to g this process is known as stereopsis.
In computer vision the effect is used for computer stereo vision, and there is a
device called a parallax rangefinder that uses it to find range, and in some
variations also altitude to a target.
　　A simple everyday example of parallax can be seen in the dashboard of motor
vehicles that use a needle-style speedometer gauge. When viewed from directly in
front, the speed may show exactly 60; but when viewed from the passenger seat
the needle may appear to show a slightly different speed, due to the angle of
　　TOPIC 英国工业化对LANDSCAPE的影响
　　版本一：
　　一开始讲了工业化的发展过程，之前农业占主要地位，后来工业慢慢赶上。
　　然后说了英国和欧洲的工业萌芽过程，对比英国中产阶级(考点)为什么能更早的实现工业化。
　　工业化的过程导致了
CANAL的出现，这个就很大程度改变了英国的LANDSCAPE。之后说了这个CANAL主要集中在工业发达地区，并且改变了当地人的生活方式。
　　工业带来人口集中提高了房价。
　　然后随着铁路的出现，人们的生活又反正了变化，后面有提到交通使人们的建筑材料的使用也发生了变化，因为可以用从很远的地方发来的材料来用。这影响了本地的材料市场，也改变了人们的生活(有2个题目这个段落)
　　版本二：
　　讲英国工业化的，其中有一道题我记得很清楚，问欧洲其他国家和英国的merchants有神马区别(意思应该是说城里的merchants到 rural
area去发展industrialization)，为什么英国的发展的好，是因为英国的商人access 【land property】in rural
area。英国的工业化是集中在某些个村子或者area里的(这是一道题的答案)后面讲canal
system，说一个人，是个工程师(问题：问关于这个人except哪个，其他都true，答案就是说这个人既是工程师优势builder，因为我仔细找了下文中没有说他是builder)canal
system就是水道new work先发展，后来发展了railway，就把建筑材料带来了，所以一种建筑材料local的，就淘汰了(有题)。
　　TOPIC 爱琴海文明的黑暗时期
　　版本一：
　　就说了希腊文明经历过一段黑暗的时期，整个文章大体说的就是这个时期发生衰退，经济怎么衰退了，和别的地方的贸易没有了，人口减少了等等问题。
　　之后有提到在某个工艺品的制造水平上却提高了，这附近有细节题问这个工艺品它和以前有什么提高。
　　版本二：
Greek，就是讲希腊的黑暗期，有一段时间大概是1000多到900多BC的时候，希腊的经济很萧条，表现为：中央集权化不厉害了，军队不厉害了，最重要的是人口流失，很多人口流失到别的地区里(题目：问哪个不对，答案：有具体地名A的一个选项，选择原因：好像因为答案的意思是A是希腊的一部分，其实它不是虽然希腊的很多东西衰退，但有些希腊的地区仍然保持和原来一样的水平(有题)有些地方甚至有很多new
inventions。之后提到了制作陶器的technology：(以下顺序为原文中意思顺序)发明了一个wheel使得陶器制作如何。以前的陶器是画 line
和circle 用工具还是不用工具(记不得了)，后面说instead of hand
free，然后这个就是一道题的选项后来的陶器可能是glaze技术改良了吧，不太记得了(这地方题很多)。
　　The Greek Dark Age[ii]
　　The Greek Dark Age or Ages and Geometric or Homeric Age (ca. 1200 BC–800
BC) are terms which have regularly been used to refer to the period of Greek
history from the presumed Dorian invasion and end of the Mycenaean Palatial
civilization around 1200 BC, to the first signs of the Greek poleis in the 9th
century BC. These terms are gradually going out of use, since the former lack of
archaeological evidence in a period that was mute in its lack of inscriptions
(thus "dark") has been shown to be an accident of discovery rather than a fact
of history.[iii]
　　The archaeological evidence shows a widespread collapse of Bronze Age
civilization in the eastern Mediterranean world at the outset of the period, as
the great palaces and cities of the Mycenaeans were destroyed or abandoned.
Around this time, the Hittite civilization suffered serious disruption and
cities from Troy to Gaza were destroyed. Following the collapse, fewer and
smaller settlements suggest famine and depopulation. In Greece the Linear B
writing of the Greek language used by Mycenaean bureaucrats ceased. The
decoration on Greek pottery after ca 1100 BC lacks the figurative decoration of
Mycenaean ware and is restricted to simpler, generally geometric styles
( BC). It was previously thought that all contact was lost between
mainland Hellenes and foreign powers during this period, yielding little
cultura however, artifacts from excavations at Lefkandi on
the Lelantine Plain in Euboea show that significant cultural and trade links
with the east, particularly the Levant coast, developed from c 900 BC onwards,
and evidence has emerged of the new presence of Hellenes in sub-Mycenaean Cyprus
and on the Syrian coast at Al Mina.
　　Dark Age Culture[iv]
　　With the collapse of the palatial centres, no more monumental stone
buildings were built and the practice of wall pain writing
in the Linear B script ceased, vital trade links were lost, and towns and
villages were abandoned. The population of Greece was reduced,[v] and the world
of organized state armies, kings, officials, and redistributive systems
disappeared. Most of the information about the period comes from burial sites
and the grave goods contained within them. To what extent the earliest Greek
literary sources, Homeric epics (8th-7th century) and Hesiod's Works and Days
(7th century) describe life in the 9th-8th centuries remains a matter of
considerable debate.
　　The fragmented, localized and autonomous cultures of reduced complexity are
noted for such diversity of their material cultures in pottery styles
(conservative in Athens, eclectic at Knossos), burial practices and settlement
structures, that generalizations about a "Dark Age society" are
misleading.[vi]Tholos tombs are found in early Iron Age Thessaly and in Crete
but not in general elsewhere, and cremation is the dominant rite in Attica, but
nearby in the Argolid it was inhumation. Some former sites of Mycenaean palaces,
such as Argos or Knossos, cont other sites' experiencing an
expansive "boom time" of a generation or two before they were abandoned, James
Whitley has associated with the "Big-man social organization", based on personal
charisma and inherently unstable: he interprets Lefkandi in this light.[vii]
　　Some regions in Greece, such as Attica, Euboea and central Crete, recovered
economically from these events faster than others, but life for the poorest
Greeks would have remained relatively unchanged as it had done for centuries.
There was still farming, weaving, metalworking and potting in this time, albeit
at a lower level of output and for local use in local styles. Some technical
innovations were introduced around 1050 BC with the start of the Proto-geometric
style ( BC), such as the superior pottery technology, which resulted in
a faster potter's wheel for superior vase shapes and the use of a compass to
draw perfect circles and semicircles for decoration. Better glazes were achieved
by higher temperature firing of clay. However, the overall trend was toward
simpler, less intricate pieces and fewer resources being devoted to the creation
of beautiful art.
　　During this time the smelting of iron was learnt from Cyprus and the
Levant, exploited and improved upon, using local deposits of iron ore previously
ignored by the Mycenaeans: edged weapons were now within reach of less elite
warriors. Though the universal use of iron was one shared feature among Dark Age
settlements,[viii] it is still uncertain when the forged iron weapons and armour
achieved superior strength to those that had been previously cast and hammered
from bronze. From 1050 BC many small local iron industries appeared, and by 900
almost all weapons in grave goods were made of iron.
　　The distribution of the Ionic Greek dialect in historic times indicates
early movement from the mainland of Greece to the Anatolian coast to such sites
as Miletus, Ephesus, and Colophon, perhaps as early as 1000 BC, though the
contemporaneous evidence is scanty. In Cyprus some archaeological sites begin to
show identifiably Greek ceramics, a colony of Euboean Greeks was established at
Al Mina on the Syrian coast, and a reviving Aegean Greek network of exchange can
be detected from 10th-century Attic Proto-geometic pottery found in Crete and at
Samos, off the coast of Asia Minor.[ix]
　　[i]Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. 1968. "Mutual inclination of two
lines meeting in an angle"
　　[ii]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Dark_Ages
　　[iii]O.T.P.K. Dickinson: The Aegean from Bronze Age to Iron Age: continuity
and change between the twelfth and eighth centuries B.C. (2006)
　　[iv]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Dark_Ages
　　[v]Snodgrass
　　[vi]"The most striking feature of the Dark Ages is its regionalism, its
material diversity" (James Whitley, "Social Diversity in Dark Age Greece", The
Annual of the British School at Athens 86 []) p. 342, 344ff.
　　[vii]Whitley 1991.
　　[viii]Whitley , notes regional differences in iron-working in A.N.
Snodgrass, The Dark Age of Greece (), and I.M. Morris, "Circulation,
deposition and the formation of the Greek Iron Age," Man, n.s.
　　[ix]R.W.V. Catling, "Exports of Attic protogeometric pottery and their
identification by non-analytical means", Annual of the British School at Athens
93 (), noted in Robin Lane Fox, Travelling Heroes in the Epic Age of
Homer, 2008:48; Fox provides the cultural background to his study of Euboean
cultural contacts in the Mediterranean in the 8th century.
　　版权声明：本文系新东方网独家稿件，版权为新东方网所有，未经许可，严禁转载。
10183 学分
来自: 超级蚂蚁
　　口语解析
　　作者：Anna, 那天，张子荷 来源：新东方网
　　Task1：
　　Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of letting students evaluate their
professor at the end of the semester.
　　While I think it’s good that students are given a chance to evaluate their
teachers at the end of the year, for the most part I think there are a lot of
consequences to this system of professor evaluation. To begin with, I’m not sure
how much influence student evaluations have on the teacher’s overall performance
rating. There is one physics teacher in my school who can easily be called the
worst teacher in the school. Lots of students have complained about her, but
nothing seems to have changed. I think it’s because she’s been working at our
school for a long time. I also think students tend to be unfair when it comes to
student evaluations. I’ve had classmates who have received low grades for
incomplete work and then given their teachers poor evaluations.
　　Task2：
　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Gifts that people
make themselves are more meaningful than those bought in a store.
　　[same as task 2 for NA]
　　I prefer to give hand-made gifts. First of all, taking the time to make
something special and unique is a nice way to show somebody you care. Gift
giving can be so materialistic sometimes. Making your own gift is a nice way to
rise above the commercialism that surrounds holidays like Christmas, and still
show somebody that you think they are important. When I was younger, my family
did not have that much money. My classmates would get lots of fancy new clothes
and toys for Christmas, but my parents couldn’t afford to get us that many
gifts. Instead my dad would spend hours creating puzzles and riddles for us to
solve. After we solved them all, we would be able to guess what our one special
gift was. Those gifts were always my favorite.
　　Task3:
　　学校要办一个clean-up in campus的活动，号召大家大扫除，让同学们意识到保持学校整洁的重要性，clean-up
结束之后会举办一个party。
　　男同学同意：
　　1、 看到你的同学在捡垃圾，你在扔垃圾的时候就会think twice，这样有助于促进学生care校园环境
　　2、 办party可以have fun，这样可以attracts more students 做志愿者，还可以socialize,
提供小吃，enjoy the music。
　　Task4:
　　短时记忆的问题。教授有2个例子，第一，别人告诉你一个电话，你两个小时之后就忘了，证明了短时记忆你没用，你就忘记的很快。第二个例子，教授自己的经验，要去买书，记好了书名，过来一个朋友和教授聊书，之后教授就只记得和朋友说的书名，把自己要买的书给忘记了。说明了短时记忆会因为其他的信息进入而受到干扰。
　　英文版：
　　Short-term memory: a temporary storage of information. 两个特征：decay (not
being used) 和interference (new information).
　　For example, you are out with your classmate and you want to dial someone’s
cell phone’s number which you don’t know. So you ask you classmate and call your
friend. But after two hours when your friend are not with you, since the number
has been used after that, you couldn’t remember and recall the number again
because it has fade away. That’s decay.
　　The professor uses his own experience to illustrate interference. He went
to the bookstore and made a list of the books he wanted, but he forgot to take
it with him and left it in his car, but he thought he could remind himself of
the books listed. However, when he ran into his friend in the bookstore and
talked for a while, all he could remember is the booked his friend mentioned
that were quite interesting. The new information interfered with the original
one. That’s interference.
　　Task5:
　　一个人的朋友把他的数学书弄湿了，看不了了，但是考试又急用。
　　两个方案：一，让朋友赔一本一样的,但是并不是朋友的错，会伤及朋友关系。二，去图书馆看，但是只能在图书馆借阅，而且可能会被别人先借走。
　　英文版：
　　In the conversation, the man has a problem. He lent his mathematic book to
his friend Ted, but the book got ruined, all soaked out when left outside.
　　There are two possible solutions. The first one is to ask Ted to buy a new
copy for him. The second one is to use the copy in the library as the professor
put the material on reserved for them
　　Task6：
　　一个教授讲动物间的social interaction。说他们whether they know他们之间有interaction?
虽然都生活在大的group里面，但是程度不一样。
　　举了两个例子：
　　1阐述的是：complex social interaction，成员之间有strong bond。例子：大象Elephants：一个member
is sick or gets injured，其它成员会take care of it，甚至帮助它寻找食物。
　　2阐述的是simple social interaction。虽然group大，但是interaction少，它们之间没有strong
bond。例子：fishes 会protect(文中不是这个词)from predators，
但是其实他们是不能recognize的，他们甚至不能distinguish each other。
意思是说：鱼们不能感知他们间有interaction，甚至他们都不知道原来大家都是species鱼。
10183 学分
来自: 超级蚂蚁
　　托福听力解析
　　作者：温利民 来源：新东方网
　　总体概述：
本次是一次加场考试，考试重复了托福考试重复上半年日大陆考试部分原题。其中除了阅读、口语1、口语2、口语4口语5以及综合写作为新题外北美部分的考试曾经考过今天的考试内容。具体体现为：听力NA
口语3：NA口语6：NA 独写NA。
　　2， 考察的学术范围并非ETS出题的正常话题范围包括：其中涉及到2篇社会科学的历史考古类，2篇动物相关的生命科学类。感谢孩子们发的机经。
9月20日加场重复了日大陆考题。通过考试情况来看本月19号考试大家可以适当的看看今年上半年的大陆考题，我会尽快整理一份补充材料通过新东方官网和我的微博发布给大家参考。(新浪微博：新东方温利民)。
　　解析部分：
　　考试机经原文
　　Conversation 1
　　男同学写炼金术的论文：问题：男找教授作甚，我答：问paper
　　一道题是重听题：男同学轻蔑地说alchemy even didn't 算 science，问他说这话啥意思。
　　然后教授说他研究的方向可以是从alchemy 到real chemistry 的transition教授举了两个例子：
　　1 fire：我就没听懂(有考题是说fire怎么了，可能有一个是说为什么fire burn up的选项，记不太清楚了)
　　2 忘记了这个例子提到了一个人，这里我没听清，我就说我听到的：这个人也跟以前愚昧无知的人一样，但是他牛就牛在他wait and
collect数据，所以又有点像真正的科学研究方法了。
　　关于这个人有一道考题，我选择的是wait and collect data for many years，我不确定many
years，但比较确定wait and collect，所以我不确定自己选对无。
　　Conversation 2
　　转专业，学生想从digit art转到一个另一个，因为他爱动物和大自然。原因是因为他上了一个神马课叫什么science
course，应该啊，然后他说他觉得computer太容易了。
　　女咨询人员说：你可以转啊，很多同学都在大一都转专业呢。
　　这男同学表达了自己的担心：有考题，问他担心个毛?答案应该是他觉得他之前上的那个course很难，虽然他得了好成绩，但是他害怕以后的课更难他跟不上。我以上说的答案可能包含了两道题的信息，因为我记不清了，好像还有一道题也是关于这个的。
　　然后女咨询员说：我建议你去和这个专业的department谈谈啊，看他们怎么看啊。
　　最后有一题问：这个女咨询人员跟这男同学约下次见面干嘛啊：我选的是因为要他来谈谈和相关department professor谈完的结果。
　　有一道题的答案大致意思是说转专业是个challenge。
　　温利民老师解析：
　　听对话时重点关注一下几点：
　　1， 学生来的目的。此处必考一道主之目的题。如对话1机经原文：“男找教授作甚，我答：问paper”
　　2， 问题发生的原因。一般问题发生的原因都为解决问题很难所以求助。如机经原文“原因是因为他上了一个神马课叫什么science
course，应该啊，然后他说他觉得computer太容易了。”
　　3， 老师或学生的评价态度。
　　如本次考试：“这男同学表达了自己的担心：有考题，问他担心个毛?答案应该是他觉得他之前上的那个course很难，虽然他得了好成绩，但是他害怕以后的课更难他跟不上。我以上说的答案可能包含了两道题的信息，因为我记不清了，好像还有一道题也是关于这个的”
　　4， 老师的建议及解释。
　　如机经原文：“然后女咨询员说：我建议你去和这个专业的department谈谈啊，看他们怎么看啊。”
　　5， 学生下一步将会做什么。可能会考到一个推理题。
　　如机经原文“最后有一题问：这个女咨询人员跟这男同学约下次见面干嘛啊：我选的是因为要他来谈谈和相关department
professor谈完的结果。”
　　考试机经原文
　　Lecture 1
　　版本一：
　　一个lecture是关于历史的，讲的是temple在希腊(好像是希腊)，这个temple遭到了大火，然后被毁后重建。然后他们发现一个scription上面应该是列有以前这个庙里都有什么物品
　　(考题：问为什么要list这里面的物品)然后提到musemem,这个地方我听的很懂，是说musem里面的东西可以提供人们那个时代作者的一些文化背景，同时又提供了一些他们做的其他的object，然后你可以参照这些来判断他们的(可能是建筑风格或者什么，忘记了)
　　(考题：问musuem是干嘛的)有一道考题问fire的影响是什么：有一个选项是削弱了此temple的宗教重要度(我没选这个)，有一个选项是摧毁demage了temple神马的，sorry实在不太记得清了，这道题犹豫了很久因为整个文章的结构是前面一开始提到fire，到后来可能提到了我没听见。所以我很迷茫。
　　版本二：
　　关于历史的，讲的是temple在希腊(好像是希腊)，这个temple遭到了大火，然后被毁后重建。然后他们发现一个script上面应该是列有以前这个庙里都有什么物品(考题：问为什么要list这里面的物品)然后提到museum,这个地方我听的很懂，是说museum里面的东西可以提供人们那个时代作者的一些文化背景，同时又提供了一些他们做的其他的object，然后你可以参照这些来判断他们的(可能是建筑风格或者什么，忘记了)(考题：问
museum是干嘛的)。
　　考试机经原文
　　Lecture 2
　　关于心理学的。讲的是一个DNA(其实不是这个单词，但跟它长的很像，或者DSP，whatever这不重要)和math
的能力，DNP是一种inner的东西，6月大的婴儿也有(考题，问教授提到6月大的婴儿干嘛)。讲授举了几个实验：一个大概意思是(没怎么听懂)在屏幕上有yellow和red东西，让你count
red 多还是yellow多，实验的结论是另外一个是在10几岁的孩子里的实验(考题，这个实验的结论是什么，我就杯具地没怎么听懂)最后一个女生问：是先有
DNP这个东西呢，还是先有math
ability呢，(大概意思啊)，问dnp是不能develop呢，比如可以通过teaching啊develop吗?然后教授说好问题!
　　温利民老师解析：
　　社会科学类经常考到的是历史和考古学或人类学三个话题而且一般会交叉考察。还有本期考试的心理学尤其是儿童心理学方面不管是在阅读里听力中也会偶尔碰到。社会学相关话题是注意一下文章展开思路：
　　1，某个具体时间或地区的某种历史遗迹分析研究
　　2，按照时间顺序进行分类讲解
　　3，同时代或不同时代国家地区的比较对比
　　4，具体案例分析，如果涉及到实验实验的目的和结果
　　5，教授个人对的评价态度
　　常考词汇
　　学心理学：Psychology
　　founder 创始人
　　behaviorism 行为主义
　　mental process 思维过程
　　thought 思想，想法
　　laryngeal 喉部
　　larynx= voice box 喉头
　　throat 喉咙，嗓子
　　habits 习惯
　　positive/negative electrode 正/负电极
　　deaf people 聋
　　blind 盲
　　sign language 手语，符号语音
　　ideomotor action 意识，观念运动
　　adults 成年人
　　old people=the aged=elderly people=senior citizens 老年人
　　young people 年轻
　　kids 儿童
　　teenager 十几岁的人
　　baby=infant=nursling婴 儿
　　child amnesia 健忘症，记忆缺失
　　cognitive capacity 认知能力
　　cognition 认识
　　intuitive直觉的
　　maze迷宫
　　egocentric 自我中心的;利己主义的
　　subjective 主观的objective客观的
　　hypotheses假定;臆测distracted 心烦意乱的
　　questionnaire 问卷
　　Archimedes 阿基米德
　　psychoanalysis精神分析
　　curiosity 好奇心
　　conscience道德心，良心
　　identity 身份;同一性
　　abnormal 反常的
　　disadvantage 缺点
　　generous慷慨的，大方
　　obsession强迫症
　　mental processes: 心理历程
　　behaviorism行为主义
　　muscle 肌肉
　　mature 使成熟
　　labyrinth 迷宫
　　fame 名声，名望
　　考古：Archaeology
　　historical relic遗迹
　　excavation 挖掘
　　grave= tomb坟墓
　　bury埋葬
　　primitive 原始人，原始的
　　the Neolithic period/age=New stone age新石器时代
　　the Paleolithic period/age= the Old/late Stone Age 旧石器时代
　　shelter 庇护所
　　inhabited 居住
　　religion宗教
　　ceremony仪式
　　obsidian黑曜石
　　pyramid金字塔
　　人类学：Anthropology
　　native American 美洲原住民，印第安人
　　the natural resources 自然资源
　　waterproof=watertightness防水
　　cooking containers 容器
　　a variety of utensils 餐具，炊具
　　bowls 碗
　　the canoe 独木舟
　　alliances=federation 联盟
　　考试机经原文
　　Lecture 3
　　关于企鹅group
的，企鹅会组团去觅食，这个团的人数在5—10人，非常固定，因为少于5人会有safety的问题，多于10人会compete食物。然后说道科学家要研究他们，就在他们的nest边上装了一个类似于录音机似的东西record一些他们经过的声音，然后这个声音就能如何判断他们是一个group的，这里有一道考题，是问这个录音机是干嘛的还是问怎么判断他们是一个group的，我给忘了，总之这个地方很重要，要出题。对了，刚看机经想起来，组员会变动。当食物abundant的时候，他们倾向于不变动，食物多的事情会频繁变动组员。
　　L4动物行为
　　还有一个lecture：讲到lay eggs
　　加试是：鸟的迁徙+大王花+ragtime music
　　温利民老师解析：
　　除了音乐外动物学讲座在托福听力中非常重要本次就有学生考到两篇动物讲座。参考常考思路：
　　1，经常考到动物的生存条件与环境
　　2，动物间比较对比分析
　　3，人类对该动物或其生存环境的影响
　　4，具体动物案例分析
　　5，教授个人对的评价态度
　　场景词汇：
　　zoology动物学
　　Darwinism达尔文学说
　　natural selection自然选择
　　phylum门
　　class纲
　　order目
　　suborder亚目
　　family科
　　genus属
　　species 种
　　invertebrate无脊椎动物
　　vertebrate脊椎动物
　　aquatic life 水生动物
　　reptile爬行动物
　　amphibianl两栖动物
　　protozoa原生动物
　　rodent啮齿动物
　　ruminant反刍动物
　　parasitic animal寄生动物
　　primate灵长动物
　　plankton浮游生物
　　mollusk软体动物
　　coelenterate腔肠动物(如水母、海蜇、)
　　herbivore食草动物
　　mammal哺乳动物
　　homotherm恒温动物
　　cold-blooded animal冷血动物
　　poikilotherm变温动物
　　scavenger食腐动物
　　carnivorous食肉的
　　herbivorous食草的
　　omnivorous杂食的
　　bird鸟类
　　camouflage伪装
　　hibernate冬眠;蛰伏
　　regeneration再生
　　predatory / carnivore食肉的
　　predator捕食者
　　prey捕食
　　hordes/swarms(昆虫等)群
　　flock(牛、羊等)群
　　community动物的群落或人的部落
　　population种群
　　herd兽群
　　nomadic游牧的;流浪的
　　trapper诱捕动物者
　　niche小生态环境
　　metabolism新陈代谢
　　breed(名词)品种;(动词)繁殖
　　multiply / reproduce繁殖
　　creature生物
　　feathers羽毛
　　zoology动物学
　　Darwinism达尔文学说
　　natural selection自然选择
　　phylum门
　　class纲
　　order目
　　suborder亚目
　　family科
　　genus属
　　species 种
　　invertebrate无脊椎动物
　　vertebrate脊椎动物
　　aquatic life 水生动物
　　reptile爬行动物
　　amphibianl两栖动物
　　protozoa原生动物
　　rodent啮齿动物
　　ruminant反刍动物
　　parasitic animal寄生动物
　　primate灵长动物
　　plankton浮游生物
　　mollusk软体动物
　　coelenterate腔肠动物(如水母、海蜇、)
　　herbivore食草动物
　　mammal哺乳动物
　　homotherm恒温动物
　　cold-blooded animal冷血动物
　　poikilotherm变温动物
　　scavenger食腐动物
　　carnivorous食肉的
　　herbivorous食草的
　　omnivorous杂食的
　　bird鸟类
　　camouflage伪装
　　hibernate冬眠;蛰伏
　　regeneration再生
　　predatory / carnivore食肉的
　　predator捕食者
　　prey捕食
　　hordes/swarms(昆虫等)群
　　flock(牛、羊等)群
　　community动物的群落或人的部落
　　population种群
　　herd兽群
　　nomadic游牧的;流浪的
　　trapper诱捕动物者
　　niche小生态环境
　　metabolism新陈代谢
　　breed(名词)品种;(动词)繁殖
　　multiply / reproduce繁殖
　　creature生物
　　feathers羽毛
10183 学分
来自: 超级蚂蚁
　　写作范文
　　作者：Anna, 邹顺鹏 来源：新东方网
　　综合写作：
　　Reading:
　　是关于build crossings for wild animals好还是不好。阅读说不好。
　　第一点是crossings太新奇少见，动物们不适应，也不会自己训练去使用crossing，所以他们没用。
　　第二点是financial waste。
　　第三点developed areas too damage，阻止wild animals to reproduce 。
　　Listening：
　　第一点是动物们有adaptation，不会立刻显现出他们已经学习新东西了，take some time，这些就会显现出。
　　第二点是比起碰撞事故(collision)造成的损失，修这些crossing是省钱的。人和动物发生碰撞，除了动物受到伤害，还得花钱去修车等等，还要花钱保护人们不受到伤害。
　　第三点是反驳，正是这些crossings connect the
fragments(被公路割裂开的动物栖息地)，这样既保证动物的安全，还能扩大他们的领地，帮助他们grow in healthy
　　独立写作：
　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? If parents want
their children to perform well in school, they should limit the hours that their
children spend watching TV.
　　Nowadays children spend a large amount of time watching television. Some
might say that this generation of children has wasted their lives in front of
the TV. I believe if children are only allowed to watch a limited about of TV,
they will be more successful in school.
　　Studies have shown that television provides little to know stimulation in
the mental development of children. Experts say that a child learns more doing
an activity than a child who watches a TV program about that activity. Even
though educational shows, like a nature program, might show children nature they
cannot find near their homes, it is still important that children explore the
world around them. Playing or doing other activities, like playing an instrument
or reading helps children develop thinking skills. By doing and seeing things,
children develop the critical thinking skills necessary to be successful in
　　In addition, making children get off the couch and go do activities helps
create healthy habits. A child who runs around outside and plays with friends
has better health and better social skills. If a child just stays at home and
stares at the TV, he has a high risk of becoming obese. My little cousin watches
too much television. When I go to visit him, he does not even say hello to me.
All he does is watch TV. Once I tried to get him outside to play basketball, but
we had to go in after only a few minutes because he could not breathe. Limiting
television time keeps children healthy and makes them more able to focus in
　　Finally, if parents restrict the amount of television their children can
watch, this gives children more time to study. I once helped tutor my neighbor’s
son. The rules at his house were that he could watch TV as soon as he was
finished with his homework. So when he would get home from school, he would do
his homework as quickly as possible. I always had to help him correct his
homework mistakes. I think if his parents only let him watch half an hour of TV
a day, then he would have gotten better grades and not needed my tutoring.
　　Watching too much television is not healthy for children and parents should
limit the amount they let their children watch. This gives children more time to
focus on their homework. Also, rather than watching TV, children should go out
and play. Playing helps children develop and keeps them healthy. Staying healthy
helps children focus in school. (425 words)
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