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你可能喜欢【中学教材全解】学年八年级英语（下）（人教版）UNIT&4&&Why&don’t&you&talk&to&your&parents&检测题&&新目标
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UNIT4Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?检测题Ⅰ.听力（20分）(一)听对话一遍后，给下列相应的词语编号。A.AbikeB.AFootballC.FlowersD.AnalbumE.ACamera1.2.3.4.5.(二)听对话和问题两遍，选择正确答案。[来源:www.shulihua.netwww.shulihua.net]6.A.BecausehewatchedTVuntilmidnightlastnight.B.Becausehesleptlate.C.Becausehestudieduntilmidnightlastnight.7.A.Hecan’tfindhisnotebook.B.Hedoesn’tfinishhomework.C.Hearguedwithhisfriend.8.A.Yes,shedoes.B.No,shedoesn’t.C.ShewantstocallJackup.9.A.Hehasacold.B.Hehasnofriends.C.Hearguedwithhisparents.10.A.No,shedoesn’t.B.Yes,shedoes.C.Shedoesn’tlikethepen.[来源:www.shulihua.net](三)听对话两遍后，判断句子正（T）误（F）。11.Jimhadsomeproblemsathometoday.[来源:数理化网]12.JimgottheworstgradeinhisEnglish.13.Jimarguedwithhisparents.14.JanethinksJimshouldn’tcalluphisbestfriend.15.JanethinksJimshouldstudyharder.(四)听短文两遍后，根据所听到的短文内容回答问题。16.Whohassomeproblems?A.Jenny.B.Mary.C.Lucy.17.Whatisthegirlworriedabout?A.Herhomework.B.Herfather.C.Herexams.[来源:www.shulihua.net]18.Cansheeatwell?A.Yes,shecan.B.No,shecan’t.C.Sheeatswell.19.WhatisJenny’sadvice?A.Listentosomesoftmusic.B.Goforawalk.C.Eattwomealseveryday.20.WhydoesJennytellhernottodrinkcoffeeortea?A.Becausesheisn’tthirsty.B.Becauseshewon’tbeabletosleep.C.Becauseshecan’trelax.Ⅱ.单项填空（15分）21.Hisfatherdoesn’tallowhimswimmingalone.A.goesB.togoC.goingD.go22.What’swithyou?A.wrongB.thewrongC.matterD.up23.givehimawatch?A.WhataboutB.Let’sC.Whydon’tD.Whydon’tyou24.Youcouldsavesomemoneyyoucanbuyagiftforyourmother.A.inordertoB.becauseC.soD.sothat25.Ithinktheresultmusthimverymuch.A.surpriseB.surprisedC.surprisingD.surprises26.heisverypoor,hefeelsveryhappy.A.Although；butB.Although；/C.Because；soD.Because；/27.Thismathquestionistoodifficult.Canyouhelpme?A.workonitB.workoutitC.workitoutD.workforit28.Hehastwosons.TheyareJimandTom.JimisTom’sbrother.A.oldB.olderC.elderD.young29.Theoldmanlooksveryunhappy,becausehelives,andhefeelsvery.A.alone；aloneB.lonely；lonelyC.alone；lonelyD.lonely；alone30.Heshouldtheteacher.A.explainB.explaintoC.explainedD.explainedto31.―What’swrong?―Ican’tdomyhomeworknow.Imyhomeworkintheclassroomthismorning.A.leaveB.forgetC.forgotD.left32.I’mnotsure.Hisfatherintheoffice.A.maybeB.maybeC.mayD.is33.Heisveryangrywithhismother,becausehismotheralwayshimwiththebeststudent.plainsC.tellsD.makes34.Isthereinthisstory?[来源:www.shulihua.netwww.shulihua.net]A.wonderfulsomethingB.somethingwonderfulC.wonderfulanythingD.anythingwonderful35.Itistooloud.Pleasetheradio.A.turnonB.turnoffC.turndownD.turnupⅢ.完形填空（10分）Mondaymorningisanimportanttimeatourschool.Allofthestudentsgototheplayground.Welistentomusic,andwe36thenationalflag(国旗)goup.Usually,onestudentgivesatalkonMondaymornings.OneMondaylastyear,aboygavethetalk.Hewas37andexcited!WhenIsawhim,Iwantedtohaveatry,too.CanIreallydoit?Lastweek,ourteachersaidourclassshouldgivethetalk.Myteacher38me,“Iknowyouwanttohaveatry.NextMonday,youcangivethetalk.Goandwritesomethingdown.Getreadyforit.I’msureyou’lldowell.”“Thankyou,”Ianswered.Itwassuchagreat39forme!WhenIgothome,Iwasexcited.Iwrotetwopagesforthetalk.Ireadthemagainandagain.WhenIread,Iaskedmyparents40.Iwantedtomakemyteacherhappy.Mondaymorningcame.Ibegantofeel41.WhendidIlastgiveatalktosomanypeople?Never!Thiswasmyfirsttime.CouldIreallydoit?MaybeIcouldn’tfinishthetalk.WhenIgottoschool,weallwentouttoplayground.I42infrontofeveryone.Iopenedmymouth,butIcouldn’tsayanything.“Takeiteasy,”Isaidto43.“Don’tbenervous.Youcandoit.”Justthen,Ilookeddownateveryone.Isawabout1,000eyes.Theywerealllookingatme!Icouldn’tevenstandup.Ilookedattheireyesmorecarefully.Theireyesweresaying,“Youcandoit!Don’tbeafraid,justtalk!”I44abigbreath(呼吸).ThenIbegantotalk.Itwasn’thard.Itwaseasy.Idon’tknow45Ifinishedmytalk.ButIdidit.Ifeltsogoodthatday.IshowedmyselftoeveryonewhatIcando.[来源:www.shulihua.net]36.A.watchB.seeC.noticeD.lookat37.A.surprisingB.proudC.amazedD.careful38.A.askedB.askedforC.saidtoD.showed39.A.chanceB.newsC.timeD.message40.A.tolistentoB.tolistenC.listentoD.listen41.A.excitedB.happyC.nervousD.surprised42.A.standB.stoodC.wasstandingD.havestood43.A.meB.myclassC.myselfD.myparents44.A.tookB.heldC.putD.left45.A.whenB.howC.whyD.whetherⅣ.阅读理解（10分）Intheworldtoday,allofthepeopleneedtohavefunwhentheyarefree.Wecan’tworkallthetimeifwearegoingtokeephealthyandenjoylife.Everyonehashisownwayofrelaxing.Perhapsthemostpopularform(形式)istotakepartinsports.Thereareteamsports,suchasbasketballandfootball.Therearealsoindividual(个人的)sports,suchasswimmingandrunning.Skatingandmountainclimbingarethemostpopularrecreation(消遣)forpeoplewholiketobeoutdoors.Noteveryonewhoenjoyssportslikestotakepartinthem.ManypeoplelikewatchingthemonTVorlisteningtothemontheradio.Somanypeoplelikesomeindoorrelaxation,suchaswatchingTV,singinganddancing.Itdoesn’tmatterifwelikeindoorrecreationortakepartinoutdoorsports.Itisimportantforeveryonetorelaxfromtimetotime,andenjoysomethemselves.46.Whichisthemostpopularformofrecreation？A.Sleeping.B.WatchingTV.C.Sports.D.Singinganddancing.47.Peoplewanttotakepartinsportsto.A.makefriendsB.keephealthyandenjoylifeC.findagoodjobD.makemoremoney48.Outdoorsportsinclude.A.watchingTVB.singinganddancingC.listeningtotheradioD.skatingandmountainclimbing49.WhydomanypeoplelikewatchingsportsonTVorlisteningtothemontheradio?A.Becausetheydon’tenjoylife.B.Becausetheydon’tenjoysports.C.Becausetheylikesportsbuttheydon’tliketotakepartinthem.D.Becausetheydon’tneedrecreation.50.Thepassage(文章)mainly(主要)tellsusthat.A.basketballisakindofteamsportsB.indoorrecreationisnotasimportantasoutdoorsportsC.differentpeoplehavedifferentwaysofrelaxingD.everyonewhoenjoyssportsshouldtakepartinthemⅤ.根据句意及首字母提示完成单词（5分）51.Hisparentsareverybusy.Theyhavelittletimetocwiththeirchildren.52.Youshouldn’tcmyhomework.Youshoulddoitalone.53.Heisreadytohelpothers,andhealwaysomoneytothepeopleinthepoorvillages.54.Ifyouborrowbooksfromthelibrary,youshouldrthemontime.55.Herunsthefastest,andnobodyelsecancwithhim.Ⅵ.句型转换（5分）56.Whydon’tyouaskyourteacherforhelp?（改为同义句）askyourteacherforhelp?57.It’stimeforbreakfast.（改为同义句）It’stime.58.Hewouldliketoofferussomehelp.（改为同义句）[来源:www.shulihua.net]Hewouldliketosomehelpus.59.Ithinkheshouldtellthenewstohisfather.（改为否定句）Itellthenewstohisfather.60.Thesefansarrivedveryearly.Theycouldseetheirfavoritestars.（合并成一个句子）Thesefansarrivedveryearlytheycouldseetheirfavoritestars.Ⅶ.根据汉语意思完成句子（10分）61.你可以给他打电话。Youcan.62.他正在浏览一本杂志。Heisamagazine.63.他和他的同学相处得不好。Hecan’thisclassmates.64.昨天他把词典还给我了。Hethedictionarytomeyesterday.65.商店里有各种各样的衣服。Thereareclothesinthestore.Ⅷ.任务型阅读（10分）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空[来源:www.shulihua.netwww.shulihua.net]soundnicewritefriendfeelyoulikeneedhelphowWehavealotoftroubleinourlife,butwehavetofacethem.Whenyouarefeelingunhappyorforgethowgreatyouare,therearesixwaystomakeyou66goodaboutyourself.(1)Lookinthemirror(镜子)andsayto67,“I’maspecialpersonandthere’snooneintheworld68me.Icandoanything!”Itmaynot69sogood,butitreallyworks!(2)Dosomething70forsomeone.71othersalwaysmakesyoufeelgood.(3)Smile!Be72topeopleyoumeet.Lookforthegoodthingsinyourfriendsandfamily.(4)Learnsomethingnew!Haveyoualwayswantedtodecorateyourownroomorlearn73toswim?Goforit!Newchallenges(挑战)arefunandgiveyouasenseofaccomplishmentwhenyouhavefinished.(5)Readandstartadiary.TurnofftheTVandletyourimagination(想象)fly!Ifyouhaveanythoughts,dreamsoranythingyouwant,74themdown!Writingalwayshelpstoexpressyourfeelings.(6)Staywithyourfamily.Weall75ourfamilytime.TalkwithyourMumandDadormaybeevenyourcousin.66.67.68.69.70.71.[来源:www.shulihua.net]72.73.74.75.Ⅸ.书面表达（15分）假设你是Tina，你的笔友Tom给你发了一封电子邮件，信中他诉说了他的烦恼：他最好的朋友要过生日，他的朋友们准备的礼物都很贵，可是他却没有足够的钱给最好的朋友买很昂贵的礼物。请根据提示给他写一封回信，给他一些合理的建议。提示：1.买礼物并不一定必须买贵的。2.没有必要因为不买贵的就感到难过。3.同学应该会理解。[来源:www.shulihua.net]4.花钱太多还得向父母要。5.可以买花或者自制贺卡等。UNIT4Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?检测题听力原文及答案Ⅰ.听力(一)听对话一遍后，给下列相应的词语编号。1.W:TodayisTom’sbirthday.WhatshouldIgethim?M:Howaboutanalbum?W:Goodidea.2.W:TomorrowisMother’sDay.WhatshouldIgetmymom?M:Whydon’tyougethersomeflowers?W:Thatsoundsgood.3.W:What’sthemostexpensivegiftyouhaveeverreceived?M:Acamera.4.W:Whatdoyouthinkisthebestgiftformybrother?M:Whataboutabike?5.W:WhatdoesLiLeilikedoing?M:Helikesplayingfootball.Whynotgethimafootball?W:Great.(二)听对话和问题两遍，选择正确答案。6.W:What’swrongwithyou,Jim?M:I’mtired.BecauseIstudieduntilmidnightlastnight.Q:WhydidJimfeeltired?7.W:Youlookunhappy.What’swrong?M:Ican’tfindmynotebook.Q:Whydoestheboylookunhappy?8.M:Mary,youcouldcallJackup.W:Idon’twanttosurprisehim.Q:DoesMarywanttocallJackup?9.M:Idon’thaveanyfriendsatmynewschool.WhatshouldIdo?W:Youshouldbefriendlytoothers.Andyouwillhavemanyfriends.Q:What’swrongwiththeboy?10.M:Whataboutapen,Lucy?W:It’snotinterestingenough.Q:DoesLucywanttobuyapen?(三)听对话两遍后，判断句子正（T）误（F）。M:Ihadsomeproblemsatschooltoday.Iarguedwithmybestfriend.ThenIgotabadgradeinmyEnglish.Itwastheworstgradeintheclass.Ifeelterrible.Couldyougivemesomeadvice,Jane?W:Youhadaterribleday,Jim.Youshouldcallhimupsothatyoucansayyouaresorry.Maybehewilltalkaboutitonthephone.Youshouldstudyharderanddoyourhomeworkmorecarefully.Thenyouwillgetbettergrades.(四)听短文两遍后，根据所听到的短文内容回答问题。DearJenny,I’mgoingtotakesomeexamsnextmonthandI’mreallyworriedaboutthem.Ican’teatorsleepwell.IkeepthinkingabouthowbadlyI’lldo.Pleasehelpme!Yours,MaryDearMary,Youshouldn’tworrysomuch.Ifyoustudyhard,you’lldowell.Trytorelax,findtimetogoforawalkandeatthreehealthymealseveryday.Don’tdrinkcoffeeorteabecauseyouwon’tbeabletosleep.Youshoulddrinkaglassofmilkbeforeyougotobed.Goodluck!Yours,Jenny1~5DCEAB6~10CABBA11~15FTFFT16~20BCBBBⅡ.21.Ballowsb.todosth.是固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”。22.AWhat’swrongwithsb.?是固定句式，意为“某人怎么了？”。23.DWhatabout...?意为“……怎么样？”，后面接动名词形式；Let’sdosth.是祈使句，意为“让我们做某事吧”；Whydon’tyoudosth.?意为“为何不做某事呢？”。该句中的谓语动词为动词原形give，且是问句，因此答案为D项。24.Dinorderto意为“为了”，后面接动词原形；because引导原因状语从句；so表示结果；sothat意为“以便于”，引导目的状语从句。25.Asurprisesb.意为“使某人惊讶”,must后跟动词原形，故只有A项符合题意。26.Balthough作连词，意为“虽然，尽管”，而且although与but不能同时使用。27.Cworkout意为“解决；算出”，workout的宾语如果是名词，可以放在中间，也可以放在后面，但是宾语如果是代词，只能放在中间。28.Celderbrother意为“哥哥”。29.Calone作形容词，意为“孤独的；寂寞的”，侧重于独自一人，没有其他人,通常作表语；而lonely既可以作形容词，又可以作副词，意为“孤独的（地）；单独的（地）”，表示人的一种心理状态。30.Bexplaintosb.是固定搭配，意为“向某人解释”。31.Dforgetsth.意为“忘记某事”；leavesth.则表示“把某物留在或忘在某地”。由句中的时间状语thismorning可知该句时态用一般过去时，故答案为D项。32.B情态动词may表示推测，意为“或许，可能”，与后面的be构成谓语；而maybe是副词，意为“大概；或许”，常用于句首。33.A句意：他很生他妈妈的气，因为他妈妈总是将他与最好的学生作比较。根据句意可知A项正确。34.D修饰不定代词的形容词或不定式要放在该不定代词之后，而且该句是一般疑问句，因此答案为D项。35.Cturnon打开；turnoff关掉；turndown调小；turnup调大。根据句意“声音太响亮”可知最佳答案为C项。Ⅲ.36.Awatchthenationalflag(国旗)goup意为“看升国旗”。37.Bsurprising意为“令人惊讶的”，通常修饰物；proud意为“自豪的”；amazed意为“感到惊讶的”；careful意为“细心的”。根据逻辑推理，在国旗下讲话应该是自豪的、激动的，故选B。38.Csaidtome意为“对我说”。39.Aagreatchance意为“一次好机会”。40.Basksb.todosth.是固定搭配，意为“让某人做某事”；listen意为“听”，如果接宾语，应该加介词to，而本句中没有宾语，故选B。41.Cexcited“激动的”；happy“高兴的”；nervous“紧张的”；surprised“感到惊讶的”。根据下面的文意“我什么时候给这么多人做过报告？从来没有！这是第一次。我真的能做好吗？或许我完不成这次报告。”可知“我”应该很紧张。42.B根据前后句的时态可知，此处应该用一般过去时。43.Csaytooneself是固定短语，意为“自言自语”。44.Atakeabigbreath意为“做深呼吸”。45.B句意：我不知道我是怎样完成我的演讲的。根据句意可判断B项正确。Ⅳ.46.C由第二段的文意可知答案为C。47.B由第一段的文意可知答案为B。48.D由第二段文意可知D项为正确答案。49.C由第三段的文意可知答案为C。50.C由整篇文章内容可知C项为文章的主要内容。Ⅴ.51.communicate52.copy53.peteⅥ.56.Whynot57.tohavebreakfast58.offer；to59.don’tthinkheshould60.sothatⅦ.61.callhimup62.lookingthrough63.geton/alongwith64.gave；back65.allkindsofⅧ.66.feelmake后面加动词原形，makesb.dosth.让某人做某事。67.yourselfsaytooneself为固定短语，意为“自言自语”。68.likelikeme意为“像我一样”。69.soundsound意为“听起来”。70.nicesomethingnice意为“好事”。71.Helping该句句意为“帮助别人总会让你感到很好”，helpothers在句中作主语，因此用动名词形式。72.friendlybefriendlytosb.是固定搭配，意为“对某人友好”。73.howlearnhowtoswim意为“学习如何游泳”。74.writewrite...down是固定短语，意为“把……写下来”。75.needneed意为“需要”。Ⅸ.Onepossibleversion:DearTom,Gladtohearfromyou,butI’msorrytoknowthatyou’resoworried.Inmyopinion,giftsarejustsomethingtoshowourlove.Theycan’tbemeasured（衡量）bymoney.Idon’tthinkyouneedtobuyanexpensivegift,althoughyourclassmateswillbuyexpensivegiftsforhim.Ifyoubuyoneexpensivegift,youwillneedtoomuchmoney.Andifyoudon’thaveenoughmoney,youhavetoaskyourparentsformoney.AndIdon’tthinkitisagoodidea.Whydon’tyoubuysomeflowersandmakeabeautifulbirthdaycardforyourbestfriend?That’llbeenoughtomakehimhappy.Yours,Tina...
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欢迎合作与交流！句型转换_百度知道
1.(The rest of the classmates) danced all together at the background.（对括号部分提问)____ ____ all together at the background?2.We can see the school (from up there).（对括号部分提问）____ ____ we see the school?3.She asked,&Will I get better soon?&（改为间接引语）She asked ____ ____ ____ get better soon.4.Mary crossed the bridge two minutes ago.（同义句转换）Mary ____ ____ the bridge two minutes ago.5.He was reading English the whole morning.（同义句转换）He was reading English ____ ____ ____.
提问者采纳
1.(The rest of the classmates) danced all together at the background.（对括号部分提问)Who danced all together at the background?2.We can see the school (from up there).（对括号部分提问）Where can we see the school?3.She asked,&Will I get better soon?&（改为间接引语）She asked whether she would get better soon.4.Mary crossed the bridge two minutes ago.（同义句转换）Mary got over the bridge two minutes ago.5.He was reading English the whole morning.（同义句转换）He was reading English all the morning.
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＞＞＞句型转换。1.IwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenLiLeicalledme.(就画线部..
句型转换。
1.&I&was&doing&my&homework&when&Li&Lei&called&me.&(就画线部分提问) &&&&&&&& &______&&______ you&doing&when&Li&Lei&called&you?&&&&&2.&We&were&watching&TV&at&9:00&last&night.&(改为否定句) &&&&&&&& &We______&&______&watching&TV&at&9:00&last&night.&&&&&3.&I&was&talking&with&my&friends&when&Mr.&Wang&came&in.&(用while改为同义句) &&&&&&& Mr.&Wang&came&in______&I&was&talking&with&my&friends.&&&&&&4.&He&gave&the&police&a&call&just&now.&(改为同义句) &&&&&&&& He&______&the&police&just&now.&&&&5.&Do&you&have&supper&at&7: 00&every&evening?&(用last&night改写句子) &&&&& &______&you&______&supper&at&7: 00&last&night?
题型：句型转换难度：中档来源：同步题
1. What were2. were not3. while4. called 5. D have
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据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“句型转换。1.IwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenLiLeicalledme.(就画线部..”主要考查你对&&疑问代词，实义动词的过去式，一般过去时，从属连词，主谓一致&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
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疑问代词实义动词的过去式一般过去时从属连词主谓一致
疑问代词：疑问代词在句中起名词的作用，用来构成疑问句。常用的疑问代词有：　　&what, who, whose, whom, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 　　 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前，没有词性和数的变化，除who之外也没有格的变化。&what, which, whose还可作限定词。 Whose books are these on the desk?桌上的书是谁的？What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的？What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国？疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个：指　人： who, whom, whose指　物： what既可指人又可指物： which疑问代词说明：一、无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定的范围内，例如：Which girls do you like best?你喜欢哪几个姑娘？What girls do you like best?你喜欢什么样的姑娘？
二、Whom是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom, 例如：Who(m) did you meet on the street?你在街上遇到了谁？（作动词宾语）Who(m) are you taking the book to?你要把这书带给谁？（作介词宾语，置句首）To whom did you speak on the campus?你在校园里和谁讲话了？（作介词宾语，置介词 后，不能用who取代。）
三、疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句未，例如：For what do most people live and work?大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么？（旧文体）What are you looking for?你在找什么？（现代英语）
四、疑问代词还可引导名词性从句，例如：I can't make out what he is driving at.我不知道他用意何在。Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗？Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.你说的我大部分同意，但并不完全赞同。疑问代词用法：1. 疑问代词有who, whom, whose, which和what, 都是用来构成疑问句的：Who is calling? 谁打电话来？Whom do you want to speak to? 你想找谁接电话？作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom，在口语中用who作宾语时也不少：Who did you mean? 你指的是谁？Who are you talking about? 你们在讲谁？直接跟在介词后时只能用whom：With whom did you come? 你和谁一道来的？(口语中说“Who did you come with?时更多一些。)2. 其他三个疑问代词可用作：1)主语：What’s your address? 你的地址怎样写？Whose is better? 谁的好一些？Which of these is yours? 哪一本是你的？2)宾语：What do you mean? 你是什么意思？Which do you like better? 哪一个你更喜欢一些？Whose have you chosen? 你选了谁的？3)表语：What’s her name? 她叫什么名字？Whose is it? 这是谁的？4)定语(这样用时有些字典标作形容词)：What time does the train leave? 这列火车什么时候离开？Which room shall we stay in? 我们住哪间房？Whose passport is this? 这是谁的护照？表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。实意动词过去式变化规则:
注:以l结尾的动词，尾音节重读时，双写l,如control—尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled/traveled。特例：picnic—picnicked，另外还有很多动词的过去式是不合乎上述规则的，常见的有:常用的有：begin—began,&&&&&&&&&bring—brought,&&&&&&& come—came,&&&&&& &draw—drew, drink—drank,&&&&&&&&& drive—drove,&&&&&&&&& eat—ate,&&&&&&&&&&&&& & feel—felt, get—got,&&&&&&&&&&&&&& && give—gave,&&&&&&&&&&&&& go—went,&&&&&&&&&&&& grow—grew,have (has)—had,&&&&& keep—kept,&&&&&&&&&&& know—knew,&&&&&& leave—left,&& make—made,&&&&&&&&& &read—read,&&&&&&&&&&& run—ran,&&&&&&&&&&&&&& say—said, see—saw,&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &sit—sat几个特殊实意动词过去式用法:a.beat的过去式与原形同形：&&&beat（打击）&beat（过去式）&beaten（过去分词）&&&b.lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同&&&lie，lied,&lied（说谎）&&&lay,&lain（躺，位于）&&&
c.hang有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同&&&hang，hanged,&hanged（处绞刑）&&&hung,&hung(挂，吊)&&&
d.&welcome（欢迎）一词是规则动词，不可误用为不规则动词&&&welcome&welcomed,&welcomed（正）&&&welcome,&welcome（误）&&&
e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词&&&hit（打）&hit,&hit（正）&&&hitted,&hitted（误）&实意动词过去式用法基本句式： 1.主+V-ed+宾+其它。。。（肯定句） 2.主+didn't+V原+宾+其它。。。 3.Did+主+V原+宾+其它。。。+？ 4.回答：Yes,主语代词+did\No,主语代词+didin't. 5.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。实义动词的一般过去时态:肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.肯定句为：主语+动词过去式+宾语&&& 如：I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.否定句：主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语 　如：I didn't go home yesterday.& He didn't tell me about you.疑问句：一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+宾语如：Did you go home yesterday?　　Did you study in the school?肯定回答： Yes, I did.&& 　否定回答：No, I didn't.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did +主语+动词原型+宾语When did you finish your homework last night?&&&& 　What did you do the day before yesterday?一般过去时:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他；否定形式①was/were+②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词；一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他。一般过去时句法结构：肯定形式主语+动词过去式+其他例句：She often came to help us in those days.否定形式①was/were+not；②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词例句：I didn't know you like coffee一般疑问句①Did+主语+do+其他？ ②Was\Were+主语+表语?例句：Did I do that?用表格整理如下：
记忆口诀：一般过去时并不难，过去动作、状态记心间。动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。否定句很简单，didn't 站在动原前，其它部分不要变。一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动原、其它部分依次站。特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记！一般过去时中动词过去式变化规则：
过去式和过去分词
lookedtalked
以不发音字母e结尾
likearrive
likedarrived
以“辅以字母+y”结尾
变y为i，再加ed
fliedstudied
以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写词尾+ed
stoppedplanned&结构句型:1．一般句子I watched TV last night.2．一般疑问句Did you watch TV last night？3．there be 句型There was an apple on the table last night.Was there an apple on the table last night一般过去时注意事项：1.注意主句与从句中时态的一致性如果主句用了过去时，从句中一般也要用过去式，或者过去进行时、过去完成时等。例如：He believed that he was right. 他相信自己是对的。I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。I thought they were with you. 我以为他们和你在一起。2.在口语中， 一般过去时并不一定指真正的过去，而只是表示一种礼貌性语气。例如：I wondered (wonder) if you could do me a favor. 不知你可否帮我一个忙。I wanted (want) to ask if I could borrow your car. 我想问问可否借用你的车。I hoped (hope) you could (can) give me some advice. 我希望你能帮我出点主意。Did (Do) you want to see me? 你想见我吗？3.used to used to 是一个词组，表示“过去曾经是……而现在已经停止了”的动作。例如： I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。(而现在不这样了)I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(而现在不在早晨散步了)一般过去式用法：（1）一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生，也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过去的事情。句式：主语+动词过去式+宾语+其它I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟茱莉雅说了几句话。He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子，抽烟抽得可凶了。（2） 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday,last week ,in& the& past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等.（句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时，取决于动作是否对现在有影响）。Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗？（你现在不饿吗？）Yes,I have. 是的，我已经吃过了。（已经吃饱了，不想再吃了。）When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的？（关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。）I had it about ten minutes ago. 我大约是十分钟以前吃的。）Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。I ate it at 6：45。我在六点四十五分吃了。（3）带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时。如：yesterday（昨天）、two days ago…（两天前…… ）、last year…（去年…）、the other day（前几天）、once upon a time（很久以前）、 just now（刚才）、in the old days（过去的日子里）、before liberation（解放前…）、 When I was 8 years old（当我八岁时…）、at+一个时间点Did you have a party the other day？前几天，你们开了晚会了吗？Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷锋是个好战士。注：在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。（4）表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died.那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。（5）表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与always，never等连用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。（只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。）比较：Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。（说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞）Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.彼得太太 总是带着一把伞。（表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦）I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。（不涉及到现在，不说明现在是否喝酒）（6）如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do（过去常常做，而现在不那样做了）He used to drink alcohol.他过去喝酒。（意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了）I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。（意味着现在不在早晨散步了）比较：I took a walk in the morning.我曾经在早晨散过步。（只是说明过去这一动作）（7）有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时。I didn''t know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。（因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.）I thought you were ill.我以为你病了呢。（这句话应是在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病）一般过去时三变技巧:一变：肯定句变为否定句技巧1.当句中含有情态动词或助动词could，would，should等时，可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如：I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket.技巧2.当句中含有系动词was，were 时，可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如：I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you called me. 技巧3.当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时，在该动词之前加did not / didn't，动词还原，构成否定句。例如：The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs.二变：陈述句变为一般疑问句技巧1.移动词语的位置。将was，were, could，would，should等移到句首。例如：He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself?技巧2.添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时，在主语之前加did，动词还原。例如：Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old?三变：陈述句变为特殊疑问句技巧1.确定疑问词：人who / whom，物what，地点where，时间when / what time，原因why，频率how often，长度how long，距离how far等等。例如：They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert?技巧2.辨认结构形式：疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+...? 例如：The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen?从属连词：这种连词是用以引导名词性从句定语从句和状语从句的，由从属连词所引导的句子叫从句,而含有从句的句子叫作复合句。从属连词可分为三大类：1、that （无词义，不做成分）if，whether （表达是否的意义，但不做句子成分）2、连接代词：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever, whoever, whichever（有词义，在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语）3、连接副词：when，where，why，how，how many，how long，how far，however，whenever，wherever （有词义，作从句的状语）
用法：从结构上说，英语连接词分两大类：并列连词和从属连词。 并列连词连接两个或两个以上地位平等的字、词组或分句。例如：(1) Air and water are indispensable to me. 　　(2) She likes going out with friends or playing outdoor games. 　　(3) Most workers have a good income, so they look very happy. 　　从属连词连接两个或两个以上的分句，形成复杂句中的从属分句。例如： 　　(4) He said that he did not want to go . 　　(5) Many things have happened since I last saw him. 　　(6) You may come if you want to. 　　从属连词用来连接各种从句。until(till)直到，在用until表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择的。如动词是持续行动词，它要用肯定句，如：I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night.如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否定句，如:He didn't go to bed until his mother came back.由since,for,by,before, 来引导的时间状语从句。since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间，如:I have studied English since 1990.而by引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，如：I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term.从属连词语法分类：
引导原因状语从句
Because, since
引导条件状语从句
If, unless, as long as
引导目的状语从句
引导结果状语从句
引导方式状语从句
As, just as, as if
引导让步状语从句
Though, although, even though, no matter what, however, no matter how, whoever, no matter who, wherever, no matter where
引导比较状语从句
As…as, not so…as, than, less…than, the more…the more
引导名词性从句
Who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where, why英语中的一致主要包括主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致、时态一致、名词和其代词的一致。主语和谓语保持一致叫主谓一致，即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式的变化而变化。主谓一致原则:1、语法上的一致所谓语法一致原则，即主语和谓语的语法形式在人称和数上取得一致。谓语的单、复数形式依据主语的单、复数形式而定：主语为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语为单数或者是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。China belongs to the Third World. 中国属于第三世界。We are sure he will come. 我们肯定他会来。使用语法一致的情况（1）当主语是and，both…and连接的并列结构如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，则谓语动词用复数。My mother and I have seen the film. 我妈妈和我已看过这部电影。Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦。注意：由and连接的并列主语前面分别有each，every，no修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我国每一个男女孩子都得受教育。No student and no teacher was invited to the party. 师生没有被邀请参加晚会。（2）主语后面接说明主语的修饰语主语后面接说明主语的修饰语如：with，along with，together with，as well as，like，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。The teacher with two students was at the meeting. 那位老师和两个学生参加了会议。The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car. 这个姑娘和男孩子一道，也学会了开汽车。A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.一个有5000册书的图书馆作为礼物赠送给了国家。E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.电邮和电话在日常的通信中起着很重要的作用。Nobody but Jane knows the secret.只有简知道这个秘密。All but one were here just now. 刚才除了一个人外都来了。（3）非谓语动词或从句作主语非谓语动词 (动词的-ing形式、不定式)或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式。When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.什么时候在什么地方建新工厂还没定下来。Checking information is very important. 核实事实是非常重要的。To learn foreign languages is not easy. 学习外语并非易事。When we will hold the meeting is not decided yet. 我们何时开会尚未决定。注意：当what引导主语从句或由 and连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定。What we need here is money．我们这里需要的是资金。 What we need here are workers．我们这里需要的是工人。 Lying and stealing are immoral．说谎与偷窃是不道德的。（4）each和复合不定代词作主语each和some/any/no//every十body/one/thing构成的复合不定代词：anyone、anybody、anything、everyone、everybody、everything、someone、somebody、something、no one、nobody、nothing、each、the other作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Each is worse than the one before. 一个比一个差。Nobody knows the answer. 没有一个人知道这答案。Someone wants to see you. 有人想见你。Is there anything in the box?箱子里有什么东西吗?There is a lot of milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有很多奶。（5）“many a +单数名词”作主语“many a、(很多)/more than one(不只一个)+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Many a student has been to Beijing. 很多学生去过北京。There is more than one answer to your question. 你的问题不只有一个答案。（6）“one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the等限定词和修饰语“one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the only，the very，the等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。Tom is the only one of those boys who is willing to help the old man. 汤姆是唯一的一个愿意帮助那个老人的男孩。He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years．他是这三年来唯一的一个获得奖学金的学生。注意:如没有这些限定词和修饰语，定语从句的谓语动词采用复数形式。Tom is one of the boys who are always ready to help others. 汤姆是个随时愿意帮助别人的男孩。（7）由两个部分组成的物体名词作主语英语中有些由两个部分组成的物体名称如g1asses(眼镜)，scissors(剪刀)，shorts(短裤)，shoes(鞋子)，trousers(裤子)等作主语，其后的谓语动词用复数形式。His glasses were broken, so he can't see well. 他的眼镜碎了，因而看不清楚。His trousers are made of cotton. 他的裤子是棉布的。注意:若这类名词前带有pair等表示单位的名词时，则以这些名词的单、复数形式决定动词的形式。Two pairs of trousers are missing. 两条裤子不见了。This pair of shoes is not on sale. 这双鞋不出售。2、意义上的一致意义上的一致是指谓语动词与主语的一致取决于主语所表达的意义。若主语形式上为复数，而意义上是单数，动词要用单数；若主语形式上为单数，而意义上为复数，则动词用复数。The United States is in North America. 美国在北美洲。The police are looking into the matter. 警察正在调查此事。使意义上的一致的情况（1）由and连接两个并列主语 其后的谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果两个单数名词指同一个人、同一事物、单一概念时，谓语动词要用单数，有时两个名词共用一个冠词。The worker and writer has written a new novel. 这位工人兼作家写了一部新小说。(两个名词共用一个冠词)There is a journalist and writer living in America whose name is Alex Haley. 在美国有一个名叫亚利克斯?哈利的记者兼作家。Truth and honesty is always the best policy. 真诚总是上策。注意：用and连接起来的两个单数主语，谓语动词可以是单数，也可以是复数。Three and five makes /make eight.三加五等于八。Time and tide wait/waits for no man .岁月不等人。（2）形复意单的名词作主语①复数形式的专有名词（表示国家、城市、机构、组织以及书籍、报纸、杂志等）做主语，通常作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数。The United States is in North America.美国在北美洲。The Arabian Nights is read all over the world.《天方夜谭》是流传世界各地的名著。The New York Times has a wide circulation.《纽约时报》销路很广。注意：表示山脉、群岛、瀑布等的专有名词和以复数形式出现的表示同姓的一家人或同名、同姓的若干人，谓语也用复数。The Alps rise over 4 countries.阿尔卑斯山脉跨越了四国。Niagara Falls are not as high as Victoria Falls.尼亚加拉瀑布没有维多利亚瀑布高。The Smiths were also invited.史密斯一家人也受到了邀请。There are 3 Marys and 2 Roberts in my class.我班有三个叫玛丽、两个叫罗伯特的学生。②以-ics结尾表示学科的名词做主语，通常表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。这类名词有：physics, politics, mathematics, economics, athletics, electronics等。Politics is now taught in all schools.现在各学校都开设政治课。Economics is a science of the way in which industry and trade produce and use wealth.经济学是研究工业、贸易生财和用财之道。注意：当这些动词表示有关方面的活动、情况、见解、原理等意思时，谓语动词需用复数形式。What are his politics?他的政见如何？The economics of national growth are of the greatest importance to all modern governments.国家发展经济的原理对现代各国政府都重要。③news，maths，plastics，physics，works，means(方法)，the United States等虽然以-s结尾，但意义上作为单数看待。“News of victories keeps pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. 集团军司令说：”随着我们军队的推进胜利的消息接踵而至。”Mathematics/Physics is a required subject for us.数学/物理是我们必修的科目。Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear. 所有可能的直至污染的方法都用了，但天空还是不晴朗的。④成对的名词做主语时用单数形式。Bread and butter is a daily food in the West .面包抹黄油是西方人每天的食品。His gratitude and devotion to the Party is endless.他无限感觉，无限忠于党。⑤“one and a half +复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用单数。One and a half pears is left on the table .一只半梨剩在桌子上。One and a half days is all I can spare.一天半是我所能挤出的全部时间。注意：“one or two+复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用复数。One or two days are enough to see the city.参观该市一两天就足够了。There are one or two things I want to talk over with you .我有一两件事想跟你商量。（3）有生命的集体名词作主语有生命的集体名词 (如people，police，cattle，militia)作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。Cattle are also kept. 还养了一些牛。There are many people there. 那里有很多人。The police are looking for the thief. 公安人员在搜寻那个小偷。All the people of the world want peace.全世界人民都渴望和平。注意：family，team，class，government，audience，crew，committee等集体名词，如果作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果作个别成员看待，谓语动词用复数形式。people作“民族”解时，作单数用。Zhang’s family is rather big, with twelve people in all.张家很大，一共12口人。The family are sitting at the breakfast table. 这家人正坐在早餐桌旁。My family is a large one. 我家是个大家庭。The class are doing experiment in the lab. 全班同学正在实验室里做实验。The class has won the honour. 这个班获得了荣誉。The Chinese people is a great people.中华民族是一个伟大的民族。（4） 名词化的形容词作主语名词化的形容词作主语，按照意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如果指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式，如果指一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。这类形容词有：old, young, rich, poor, blind, deaf, dead, sick等。The rich are not always happy. 富人也有不开心的时候。The wounded is a policeman. 受伤者是一名警察。The beautiful is not always the same as the good. 漂亮的不一定就等于好。（5） 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、度量、容量、温度等的复数名词做主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Twenty years has passed since we left school. 我们离开学校已经20年了。Ten thousand dollars is a lot of money. 一万美元是一大笔钱。Two months is quite a long time. 两个月时间是很长的。Two hours is enough for us to do this experiment.我们做这个实验两个小时就够了。Thirty kilometres is a good distance.30公里是一个相当远的距离。注意：如果说话人侧重一个个的个体，谓语动词用复数形式。Twenty years have passed since we parted.自从我们分手以后20年己经过去了。（6）“a number of十复数可数名词”与“the number of十复数可数名词”作主语“a number of十复数可数名词”表示 “一些、许多”的意思，谓语动词用复数；“the number of十复数可数名词”表示 “……的数目、数量”，谓语动词用单数。The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.邀请来的人数是50，但很多人因不同的原因没来。A number of books are missing from the library. 图书馆丢了许多书。The number of workers in this factory is increasing. 这家工厂的工人数目正在增加。（7）none of和neither of后跟复数名词或复数代词作主语none of和neither of后跟复数名词或复数代词时，有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。None of them has arrived yet at the settlement. 他们没有一个到达新住宅区。None of them have arrived yet. 他们都还没到。（8）“分数/百分数+of短语”作主语“分数/百分数+of短语”作主语，这时要以of短语中的名词是否为复数而定。Two fifths of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass．该地区五分之二的土地为树木和草所覆盖。89% of smokers are male. 89%的吸烟者是男性。In the USA, 75% of the grain is used to feed animals. 在美国，75%的谷物用来喂养动物。Two-thirds of the earth's surface is sea. 地球表面的2/3是海洋。Two-thirds of the people were against the plan. 2/3的人都反对核计划。（9）表示部分概念或不定数量的名词或代词作主语表示部分概念或不定数量的名词或代词作主语，谓语动词用单数还是复数，应根据后接名词的单、复数形式而定。这些名间或代词有all，any，enough，half，more，most，the rest，part，some等。The rest of the buildings are easy to get to. 其余的建筑物并不难上。The rest of his life was happy. 他的晚年生活很幸福。Most of my time was spent in reading. 我大部分时间用来读书。Most of the people are aware of it. 大部分人都知道它。Some of the sugar was spilled on the floor. 一些糖散落在地上。Some of the apples were spilled on the floor. 一些苹果散落在地上。（10）两个主语，一个肯定，一个否定，谓语动词与肯定主语相一致。The parents, and not the son, were missing.失踪者不是儿子，而是他的双亲。3、邻近原则邻近原则是指谓语动词要与它最邻近的名词或代词保持人称与数的一致。Neither he nor I am a student. 他和我都不是学生。There is a pen , two chairs and a desk. 有一支钢笔，两把椅子和一张桌子。这主要有以下几种情况。（1）由or，either…or等连接的并列结构作主语由or、either…or、nor、neither…nor、not only…but also、not…but连接的并列主语，通常按照就近一致原则，谓语动词的单、复数形式依照靠近它的主语而定。Either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.要么你要么校长在会议上对这些天才的学生颁奖。Neither he nor I have finished the experiment. 他和我都没有做完试验。Either his friends or his brother is wrong. 不是他的朋友们错了，就是他哥哥错了。Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.不仅我而且简和玛丽都讨厌一个接一个的考试。Not only the teacher but also his students have studied the question. 不仅老师而且他的学生们都研究了这个问题。（2）在主谓倒装句时在主谓倒装句中，主语并列，谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语相一致。由here或there引导的句子，若有并列主语，谓语也与最靠近的那个主语一致。There is a desk, a table and three chairs in the room. 房间里有一张书桌、一张饭桌和3把椅子。There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room. 房间里有3把椅子、一张书桌和一台电脑。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在时妻子和孩子呆在哪儿？"表里不一"现象：主谓一致中的"表里不一"现象和主语必须在人称和数上保持一致，最基本的原则是：单数主语用单数动词，复数主语用复数动词.但在实际使用当中情况比较复杂，现在学生常犯的主谓一致错误归纳整理如下1,"more than one +名词"作主语时，谓语动词常用单数.例如：More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花.2,"many a +名词"作主语时，从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词常用单数.例如：Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树.3,"half of,the rest of,most of,all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时，谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如：Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖.4,all指人时，动词用复数；all指物时，动词用单数.例如："All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到场了，一切进展顺利5,what引导的主语从句，谓语动词可视表语而定：表语是单数名词时，动词用单数，相反，则用复数.例如：What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书.6,and连接的两个单数名词前若用each,every,no修饰，该名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式.例如：No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔.7,当主语后面有as well as,with,along with,together with,but,like,rather than,except，逗号加and连接几个名字等引导的短语时，谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致.例如：My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京.8,each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语来决定，与each无关.例如：They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车.9,动词不定式，动词-ing形式短语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数.例如：Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯.10,the following作主语时，谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如：The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.11,以-ics结尾的学科名词，如politics,physics,mathematics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news,works,plastics等同属此类.例如：Politics is now taught in all schools. 现在各学校都开设政治课.当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示"学科"以外的意义时，用作复数，如：mathematics（运算能力）politics(政治观点）economics（经济意义）等12,有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数（trousers,glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等）作主语时，前面若有"一条","一副","一把"之类的单位词，动词用单数；若没有单位词或单位词是复数，则谓语动词用复数.例如：The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子都很合适.还有一些以-s结尾的名词通常用复数：arms（武器）.clothes.contents.minites（记录）.remains（遗体）.thanks等13,"one and a half +名词"作主语时，谓语动词要用复数.例如：One and a half apples are left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果.14,"One or two more +复数名词"作主语时，谓语动词用复数.例如：One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙.15,"one of+复数名词+ 定语从句"结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数；而在"the only one of +复数名词+定语从句"的结构中，"the one of + 复数名词+定语从句"定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.例如：He is one of the students who get there on time.他是准时到达那里的学生之一.16,表示时间，距离，金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时，谓语动词常用单数，但若强调数量，谓语动词可用复数.例如：One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百万美元是一大笔钱.以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致:英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s或-es，但是有一些以-s结尾的名词并不是可数名词。它们用法多样，造成了实际使用上的困难，以下详述了以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题。（一）以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题（二）以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题（三）以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题（四）以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题（五）其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题集合名词的主谓一致原则:集合名词作主语时，主谓一致关系是一个较为复杂的问题.对此类问题我们可以从"数"的角度分为四类.1)单数—复数型.凡是有复数词尾变化形式的集合名词都属于此类。如：a class— a family— a government— an army— a people— a group— a crowd— a crew—crews等。这类集合名词强调的是整体性，即当作一个整体或多个整体来看待。属于这类集合名词的单数作主语时，谓语动词用单数；复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数。【例如】A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning.每个上午 一大群人经常聚集在广场上The government has decided to pass the bill.政府已决定通过这一法案There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday.星期天有大群大群的人在街上。There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.在世界上有许多讲英语的人但应注意，这类集合名词的单数形式有时表示复数概念，所以这些集合名词的单数形式也可归为"单复同形型"中.2)单数型.这类集合名词表示的是人或事物的整体，即把这类人或事物的全部包括在内，所以只有单数形式.如作主语，谓语动词常用单数。这类名词常见的有：humanity,mankind,proletariat等.【例如】The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the fields of production and scientific experiment,mankind makes constant progress.3)复数型.这类集合名词在形式和内容上是相互矛盾的，就是说它们只有单数形式，但表达的都是复数概念。它强调的是集体中的个体性.这类名词有：police,cattle,faculty,flock,machinery,vermin,personnel等.它们作主语时，谓语动词要用复数.【例如】The police have caught the murder.Our personnel are very highly trained.The vermin are very dangerous.4)单复同形型.这类集合名词的单数形式既可表示单数也可表示复数.作主语时，用单数动词或复数动词均可，有时意义区别不大.【例如】The school teaching staff are (is) excellent.The public is (are) requested not to litter in the park.The teaching profession claim(s) to be badly paid.这类集合名词常见的有：class,family,team,crew,board,herd,committee,party,jury,enemy,audience等.根据说话人的心理意向若把这个集合名词所代表的人或事物看作一个整体，就认为是单数，用单数动词；若把它所代表的人或事物看作若干个个体的话，就认为其为复数，用复数动词。试比较：The football team is playing well.那个足球队打得非常漂亮.The football team are shavings bath and are then coming back here for tea. 足球队员们正在洗澡，然后来这里吃茶点。The family is a very happy one.那个家庭是一个非常幸福的家庭。That family are very pleased about the news of William's success. 全家人对威廉的成功都感到很高兴。巧记主谓一致原则: 单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单，如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。有些名词谓常复，people,police即这般。主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关，many a作主语也如此，谓语动词应用单。or、nor、but also、there be，近主原则挂嘴边。关系代词定主语，谓语根据先行词判。不定式短语、动名词，主语从句谓全单。时间、货币与距离，谓语多单复少见，rest，means，fol1owing等，意义决定其复、单。none，all，half of等，of之宾语定答案。还有分数、百分数，仍据of之宾定复、单。代词all指人谓复数,all指事情谓用单。量词用法请注意，谓语要随量词变。and连接两名词，身兼两职一定冠，no，each，every后单名，两件(种)事(物)系一概念，以上情况请记清，谓语动词全用单。形容词带the一类人，姓氏复数加定冠，-s结尾的海峡、山脉与群岛，谓语用复勿用单。neither，either，each，用作主语谓全单。
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