中英文化差异及翻译方法文化差异,翻译方法,及翻译,中英文
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3秒自动关闭窗口汉英语言中红黄蓝三色的文化差异与翻译1翻译,差异,一,汉英语言中,文化差异,英汉文..
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汉英语言中红黄蓝三色的文化差异与翻译1
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3秒自动关闭窗口英汉翻译教程-英汉对比分析与翻译
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作者：佚名 文章来源：本站原创 点击数：5977 更新时间： 10:53:17
Contrastive linguistics[1] discovery procedure
radar lei /rei/ da /da/ radar
silkchinateakowtow ()typhoon ()Han()Renminbikungfukumquatping-pongsampanwontonwushu
(champagne)(whisky)(beer)(brandy) Coca-ColaPepsi-Cola(coffee)(soda)(chocolate) hamburger(sandwich) pizzapudding(cigar)jacketnylonTT-shirtAIDS(aspirin)(bandage)caffeinecocaineclonegeneheroin(nicotine)shockvitamin(ballet)disco(waltz)jazz
bus(jeep)(motor)(tank)taxi(bowling)(golf)marathon(club)barguitarsalon(model)(montage)(copy)(sofa)(romantic)(humor)(Nazi)(fascist)microphoneshampoo
Sad autumn wind and autumn rain has saddened menautumnsadrainmen
&&& lionWhere there is smoke, there is fire
I saw him lying on the couch asleep.
The issue lies with you. You must decide.
Dont lie any more. I dont trust you.
Mothers brother has taken the vase away from the table.
I was born in the Chinese lunar year of the snake.
This material is no more elastic than that one.
All these metals are not good conductors. =Not all these metals are good conductors.
sooner or later right and left rain or shine rich and poor iron and steel &&&&&&
quick of eye and deft of hand
heal the wounded and rescue the dying
those peasants who have little or no land
Nothing has happened since we parted.
We sat on the flat clay terrace under an apple tree with a view of distant hills through the afternoon hours until sunset.
It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it.
Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted handclapping greeted him.
Keling was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province in 1909. He is a modern Chinese writer. His first writing, narrative poem The Women Weaver appeared in 1926.
hehisKeling
A: Did you come yesterday?&&& B: Yes, I did.
():(You are welcome.)
()(Not at all.)
(),(Dont stand on ceremony.)
()(Thats all right.)
Dont be polite
A: I really disliked that man you introduced me to.B1: Actually, he is your new boss.B2: Anyway, he is your new boss.B3: After all, he is your new boss.B4: Still, he is your new boss.B5: Well, he is your new boss.
B1actuallywarning
B2anywaypatient persuasion
B3after allsuggestion
B4stillwell-meant advice
B5wellconsolationA
6.1(North, South, East, West): NortheastSouthwestSoutheastNorthwest
Whose fault is it but your own??
When do you think you can deliver the goods??
Would you go to the acrobatic show!?
Must I send in the application in written form??
Are you an Englishman or an American??
It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January?
I have never had much patience with the writers who claim from the reader an effort to understand their meaning.
Mr. William Z. Johnson is from 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
At eleven minutes past 1 A.M. on the 16th of October, 1964, Ribbentrop mounted the gallows in the execution Chamber of the Nuremberg prison.
5. []. 1980.
6. []. 1994.
7. []. 1993.
8. []. 1997.
9. []. 1997.
1. Where there is smoke, there is fire.
2. I saw him lying on the couch asleep.The issue lies with you. You must decide.Dont lie any more. I dont trust you.
3. This material is no more elastic than that one.
4. All these metals are not good conductors.
5. We sat on the flat clay terrace under an apple tree with a view of distant hills through the afternoon hours until sunset.
6. It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it.
7. Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted handclapping greeted him.
8. It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January.
9. I have never had much patience with the writers who claim from the reader an effort to understand their meaning.
10. Mr. William Z. Johnson is from 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
11. At eleven minutes past 1 A.M. on the 16th of October, 1964, Ribbentrop mounted the gallows in the execution Chamber of the Nuremberg prison.
1 (marked features)
to beto beby
His story is made by the people.
The window was broken yesterday.
What tools will be needed in the work?
The book has been translated into scores of languages.
2 (non-marked features)
The flowers smell sweet.&&&& The food tastes nice.&&&&&&& The cloth feels soft.
(2)read, write, wash, clean, draw, burn, cook,&&&
The cistern doesn't clean easily.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& The poem reads smoothly.
Wood burns quickly.
(3)+be++to+:
John is easy to please.&&&&&&&&& The house is comfortable to live in.
The words are impossible to erase.
Our unity has been further strengthened.
The problem is being studied.
? When will the meeting be held?
The solution has been unanimously adopted.
More highways will be built here.
The peace talks were being held in Paris.
Rice is chiefly grown in the south.
? What language is spoken there?
? Have you read today's papers?
Don't tell them about it.
?& Shall we do this exercise?
We'd better translate the sentence this way.
I was hit by John.&&&&& &&&&&&&John was hit by me.
,,The Chinese festival has handed down from generation to generationThe Chinese festival has been handed down from generation to generation,
We haven't been informed of this news.
You are requested to give a speech.
You're wanted on the phone.&
He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.
Jack fought John in the men's singles last night and was beaten.
The poem was written by a ten-year-old girl.
Change was not always this rapid. Certain important inventions, like the telephone, the airplane, the automobile, and the radio, had been invented by 1914, but the effects of these inventions upon the lives of ordinary citizens were not felt until many years later.
The roads were being widened.
Production costs had been greatly reduced.
Electricity can be transmitted over a long distance.
Such books are written for children.
When was the building completed??
The factory is run by his father.
Language is shaped by human thought.
Mr. Smith cannot be deterred from his plan.
It is hoped that It is reported that
It is said that & It is supposed that
It must be admitted that
It must be pointed out that
It should be understood that to err is human.
It is reported that local government refused to provide the funds.
It is asserted that & It is believed that
It is generally considered that && It is well known that
It was told that
It is believed that he is working hard.
Passengers are requested to remain seated until the aircraft stops.
Trespassing is strictly forbidden.
Trade Agreements Broken! All goods greatly reduced!
5be born, be married, be obliged
They were born in New York.
He was married to a girl he loved.
Im not to obliged to work overtime if I dont want to.
This kind of cloth washes very well.
This pen writes quite smoothly.
This wine is selling quickly. The meat is cooking.
Her novel is reprinting already.
1. The window was broken by a stone.
2. Charles I was beheaded in 1649. 1649
3. Our roof was damaged in last nights storm.
4. They were given a hearty welcome.
5. She was so impressed by these words that she used them later for a Christmas card.
6. The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.
7. Most letters from his wife, are read to him by the nurse in the hospital.
Another university has been founded in this city.
A thief was caught yesterday.
An agreement was arrived at after a while.
A contingency plan was hastily drawn up.
? When will the sports meet be held?
More highways will be built here.
The problem is being studied.
Rice is chiefly grown in the south.
?What language is spoken there?
?Shall we do this exercise?
? Have you read todays papers?
Dont tell them about it.
Wed better translate the sentence this way.
She was praised for her working hard.
She was elected chairman of the Labor Union.
The old rules have been done away with.
The railway divides here into two lines.
Blocks of houses are building.
The door wont open.
His speech read well.
The fruit wont keep long.
Dinner was preparing in the kitchen.
Your letter has been received.
The building of the new library will be completed ahead of time.
The book isnt sold well.
1989denotationcultural connotation
foxfoxfoxa crafty, sly or clever personfoxycraftycraft-looking
Dont trust that man, hes a sly old fox.
sheep sheepto follow like sheepto cast sheeps eyesto separate the sheep from the goats
&&& wolf wolfa wolf in sleeps clothingas greedy as a wolf,the big bad wolf
&&&& assstupidas dull as an assan ass in a lions skinto make an ass of oneself
snakea snake in the grass as fleet as a deer
&tiger prowess, majesty, dignity, dominatecourage, dignity, royalty lionthe British Liona literary lion regal as a lion, to rise like lionsShelly a lion in the way / path gear the lion in his den
donkey in a lions hide One should not twist the lions tail.&
Talk horse. He is as strong as a horse.
He is really a willing horse.
as timid as a rabbit, chicken hearted, pigeon hearted
as dumb as duck a rat in a hole
like a hen on a hot girdle goose flesh
to shed crocodiles tears black sheep
like a duck to water drink like a fish
dogdogwork like a dog , to be a top doga lucky doglove me, love my dogEvery dog has his day.as faithful as a dog
dragon fierce person, esp. a woman
The Four Tigers of Asia The Four Dragons of Asiashed crocodile tearstalk horsework like a horsedo the donkey work
assplay the assmake an ass of oneself
pigpigmake a pig of oneselffisha poor fish a dull fish a loose fishmagpie
dragonphoenixdogpeacockbat
dragonlong to see ones son become a dragon, that is, be successfula famous man, dragon among men
dragon soarsdragon tigerthe true dragon and real son of Heavensons and grandsons of dragondescendants of dragonHis Majestys HealthHis Majestys facecountenancedragona dragonthe old dragondragons teeth
DogMans best friendpuppy lovedog topEvery dog has his day.Love me, love my dog.a dog in the manger a dead dogdogs lifeto die a dogs death dog Youre a lucky dogA dog counts on its masters backing. evil associatesa hired thugpour out a flood of invective against somebody
Phoenix something rare and precious male and female phoenix flying and singing together in connect, harmonious marriagea young talented scholarborn of a dragon and of royal birthphoenix phoenixReligion, like a phoenix, has been resurrected form the ashes of the war.
Bat as blind as a bathave bats in the belfry
& Chinese wild goose
& yellow fin tuna
& Nightingale
& Swanoutstanding poet or singer
& Black catunlucky, figures prominently in witchcraft
& Cricketa cricket in the house is a sign of good luck
& White elephant
& Sharks following a shipa sign of death or bad fortune
Eugene A. Nidafunctional equivalencedynamic equivalence
as fat as a pig
as gentle as a lamb
as proud as peacock
to fish in troubled water
He who rides a tiger is afraid to dismount.
He that hath been bitten by serpent is afraid of rope.
&Dark horse
a big fish in a small pond
fish in the air
to put a cart before the horse
My old servant never left me, he was as faithful as a dog.
We need not take the bear by the tooth.
He is just a stalking horse in the election contest.
a stalking horse
a cat on hot bricks to kill two birds with one stone
to kill the goose that lays the golden eggAll ones geese are swans.
black sheepto teach a fish how to swima drawn rat
like a duck to water
The danger is certainl you can go ahead or turn back. Which will you do?
& neither fish nor flesh
like a rat in a hole to shed crocodile tears
1) Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.
2) New York is a good city for anyone who is interested in culture.
3) He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he disliked his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.
4) Oxygen is a gas which unites with many substances.
1) He saw in front that haggard white-haired old man, whose eyes flashed red with fury.
1) Other scientists have expressed opinions that are somewhat between these two extremes.
2) Therere certain attitudes of mind which are almost impossible to render in English.
3) We used a plane of which almost every part carried some identification of national identity.
1) The company commander, who was Captain Madison, assembled his men and announced their mission.
2) You should have a talk with Mr. Worth, who is the adviser to students.
3) We finally reached Rio, which was the end of our journey.
1) A person who sings near a piano may cause the piano strings to vibrate.
1) He had seen my aunt give this person money in the moonlight, who then slunk away and was seen no more.
2) He went in alone to the dinning-room where the table was laid for one.
3) When she was lost to his viewhe pursued his homeward way, glancing up at the sky, where the clouds were sailing fast and wildly.
4) She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.
5) A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat.
6) They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
7) They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.
1) Television, which is one of the great new powersfor good or for badof this century, lets a public man talk to millions while they sit in their private homes seeing him as if he were in front of them.
2) The men had suddenly awakened to the fact that there were beauty and significance in these trifles (flowers), which they had so long trodden carelessly beneath their feet.
1) One was a violent thunderstorm, the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective.
2) A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.
3) It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.
4) Nevertheless the problem was solved successfully, which showed that the computations were accurate.
6) The elderly gentleman, who was poorly but neatly dressed, accepted the spoon and began to sample one after another of the puddings, only breaking off occasionally to wipe his red eyes with a large torn handkerchief.
1) The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain.
2) Man can not live on the moon, where there is no air and water.
3) The police arrested several youths that were causing trouble at the football game.
4) We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.
5) You must grasp the concept of work which is very important in physics.
1) There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.
2) The design of this machine was a complex one, which took us a lot of time to do.
3) Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity, offers very little resistance.
1) There is an emergency exit in the roof of the car through which passengers can escape.
2) He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter.
3) They have built up a mew college here, where students will be trained to be engineers and scientists.
1) A suggestion which will do a lot of good to the majority of the people is likely to be supported and accepted.
2) Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.
1) Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man.
2) Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing.
3) He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.
4) The scientist, who was dog-tired, went on with the experiment.
1) Electrical energy that is supplied to the motor may be converted into mechanical energy of motion.
2) The heat that warms a body does not change either the weight of the body or its inertia.
1some, something, somewhere notboth, everything, everybodyeverywherealways "" not
not not all, not every, not both, not
1Every man is not politeand all are not born gentlemen
2All that glitters is not gold
3) Opportunities come to all, but all are not ready for them when they do come.
4Everybody wouldnt like it. =Not everybody would like it .
5Not all his work is successful
6He was not entirely happy.
2nonotnonenobodynothing
nevernowherenorneithernor
1Neither of the films is interesting.
2) This umbrella was nowhere to be found.
3None of that money on the table is mine
1I know both of them
I don't know both of them
I don't know either of them
2I know all of them
I don't know all of them
I don't know any of them
"both'' alleither'any
1All that glitters is not gold
2NoneNothingthat glitters is gold
3Every man can not be a poet
4No man can be a poet
not...halfnot...nearlynot...possibly
1) Thats not half bad.
2) Its not nearly so easy as you think.
3) Our proposal cannot possibly be taken into consideration and adopted.
no(not)+++Two noes makes a yes: no(not)no, no(not)but, no(not)without, not(none)the less, no(not)unless, notuntil(till), no(none)other than, not but that, not a little
You can't make something out of nothing
No roses without thorns
There is no man that has no shortcoming
The value of health is not esteemed until it is lost
nothingnobodynowherenonesobut"" "; ()
lNothing is so beautiful but it betrays some defect on close inspection
2There is nothing so difficult but it becomes easy by practice
:tootofar fromhardly,insteadof , littlefewrather than, but for, anything butprevent...from, free from, short of, miss, refuse, fail, without, but that
1He is anything but polite
2He is more brave than wise
3His tastes are quite other than mine.
4Your request is beyond my power
5) He failed to pass the entrance examination.&
6) His refusal to join us was quite unexpected.
7)You can not be too careful when you translate English from Chinese.
8) I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.
He doesn't teach because teaching is easy for him .
It is not our view that the substance or the tone of his remarks this morning will contribute to creating a lasting peace in the Middle East.
He doesn't expect we need worry.
I don't suppose you need my help any more.
The earth doesn't move round in empty space.
Dont give up because it is difficult.
C appear,feel, sound, taste, seem, smell
It doesn't seem as if it is going to rain.
It doesnt seem that we can get our money back.
I never knew him to carry money because he never had any use of it.
He found no delight in reading the book.
lAt no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons
2Life is not valuable because it is long
3Why don't you hand in your composition before deadline
1) Pollution is a problem because man, in an increasingly populated and industrialized world, is upsetting the environment in which he lives.
2) Many scientists maintain that one of mans greatest oerrors has been to equate growth with advancement.
3) Now growth industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life.
4) The growing population makes increasing demands on the worlds fixed supply of air, water and land.
5) This rise in population is accompanied by the desire of more and more people for a better standard of living.
6) Thus still greater demands for electricity, water and goods result in an ever increasing amount of waste material to be disposed of.
7) The problem has been causing increasing concern to living things and their environment.
8) Many believe that man is not solving these problems quickly enough and that his selfish pursuit of possessions takes him past the point of no return before he fully appreciates the damage.
1. lessthan
6.1 Hitlers mistakes gave R just as at Waterloo it was less Wellington who won than Napoleon who lost.
& lessthan
2. no less + adj. (than)
6.2 Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates.
& no less (than)
3. no/nothing/little more (better) than
6.3 One can tell the difference almost at a glance for a spider always has eight legs and an insect never more than six.
never more thannot more thannever/no/nothing/little more (better) than
6.4 I had gone away to college by now, and was too busy working to give much more than a fleeting thought to Milltown.
too busy working to give much more than a fleeting thought to Milltown=so busy that I gave no more than a fleeting thought
6.5 Everyone acknowledges that N yet few have more than the vaguest acquaintance with his living personality.
few have more than = people have no more than
6.6 It would have been impossible for me to have told anyone what I derived from these novels. It was nothing less than a sense of life itself.
nothing less than=no more than
4. more than + n.
6.7 The company of 77 gymnasts, dancers, jugglers, magcians, musicians and artists puts together something that is much more than a collection of stunts.
more than + n.no more than + n.
6.8 I discovered that more than desire and feeling were necessary to write and I dropped the idea.
5. more than + adj.
6.9 Man is more than adaptive
he is creative. Man goes out of his way to make conditions requiring new adaptations.
& more than +
&6. do more than + v.
6.10 Colleges and universities across the nation have decided to do more than talk about the rise in student cheating.
do more than + v.not only
7. no morethan
6.11 Koreans can no more agree on whether the changes have come too fast or too slowly than they can on what Korean democracy is or should be.
no morethan
8. notany more than
6.12 There was a huge library near the riverfront, but I knew that Negroes were not allowed to patronize its shelves any more than they were the parks and playgrounds of the city.
& notany more than = no morethan
9. morethan
6.13 It seems then, that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting, and that the so-called division between the pure scientists and applied scientists is more apparent than real.
10. not so muchas
6.14 His initial willingness to experiment with reforms stemmed not so much from a love of democracy as from his recognition that without reform, his country and the government would slide toward economic ruin.
& not so muchas
6.15 According to the new school of scientists, science moves forward not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.
&11. as muchas
&6.16 The desire that men feel to increase their income is quite as much a desire for success as for the extra comforts that a higher income can obtain.
as muchasas much
6.17 The success of the governments anti-inflation efforts will depends as much on political will as on economic policy.
12. nothing is more than
6.18 No more critical activity stands to be profoundly affected by global warming than agriculture.
nothing is morethanfew things are morethan, nothing is asas
6.19 No issue is more emotin-rousing than food, because no issue is as basic to individual and national survival as food.
1. I am afraid I cant teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.
2. The two sides have exchanged letters for a long time for deeper understanding.
5. It is our great pleasure to note that our economy is developing vigorously.
1. Haven' t seen you for ages. !
2. Doesn' t matter.
Will you join us?I should love to. ?()
What a fine voice! !
1. Open the door first.
2. Speak a little slower. I cant follow you.
3. Don' t be standing in the rain.
1. You needn't stay, but she must.
2. She can speak, but can' t write English.
1. He talked much but did little.
2. The symbol for hydrogen is H; for oxygen O; for nitrogen N.
1 buthe 2The symbol for hydrogen is Hthe symbol for oxygen is Oand the symbol for nitrogen is N
1. He majors in English and I in French.
2. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
1major2are
1. I like, but she hates country life.
country life
2. He works and his son studies in New York.
in New York
there beit is
1. (Is there) Anything you want to take with you?
2. (It is) Too bad you can' t get here for the meeting this afternoon.
Are you determined to go ?Unless my parents don' t approve of it.
I am determined to go
1. Fill in the blanks with articles where necessary.
2. This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.
3. When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.
4. If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.
1.We should think more of our motherland than of ourselves.
We should thinkof
2. The new method was over ten times more efficient than the traditional one.
3. They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people.
4. Cotton output was 37 per cent higher than in the previous year.
the output was
1. The aggressors may still rule over the city for a time, but for not nearly as long as they think.
butthe aggressors will (not) rule over the city
2. I kept going back to it at odd times during the daythen at night when I was being put to bed.
thenat nightI kept going back to it
3. The question What are the roads like? may when asked at one time, refer to the condition of the surface, at another, to their narrowness, at another to the traffic upon them, and at still another to the presence or otherwise of ice or snow.
When askedit wasat anothertime when (it was) askedtoThe question ...may refer
1. Is he coming back tonight?I guess so.
2. She doesn' t know Jack, but her sister does.
1. It is not the hydrogen bomb itself which is a threat to the world. It depends on who possesses it and for what purpose?
2. Plants are mostly small: some supplying only a single village
some a whole county or several counties.
3. Every citizen has his part to play if inflation is to be overcome and a high level of employment maintained.
4. The primary forces of the struggle against racial discrimination in this city are the college youth and with them professors and other intellectuals.
5. We still have a very few volumes of 2006. We have completely sold out of 2004 and 2005.
6. It is a book that should be on every public library shelf and our readers will wish to see that it is.
5200620042005
1. We are eager to benefit from your curiosity.
2. It is regrettable that our appeal remains a dead letter.
3. I was very lucky. It was touch and go.
(touch and go,,)
4. These resolutions are no more than pious wishes and are still-born.
(still-born,,)
5. Nixon was to play the China game with the skill and cynicism it required.
(cynicism,)
6. Dont waste time on self-congratulation; there is still work to do.
,,,The pen is Mightier than the sword.(),He works in a secret service.()
1. A nice enough young fellow, you understand, but nothing upstairs.
2.Every life has its roses and thorns.
3.The first step might be to bring about an efficacious United Nations presence in the Territory.
4. American students come to China to learn many things. (Ronald Reagon)
5. Is the emigration of intelligence to become an issue as absorbing as the immigration of strong muscle?
6. They have their smiles and tears.
,,puma(),cat();,,cat()
The lower rooms were entirely given over to the birds, who walked about them with a proprietary air, as though the place had been built by themselves,
1. The seasons came and went and they revolved around Joshua.
2. Poetry suffers in translation---and the reader suffers with it.
---,(suffers,suffers)
3. How they bow to that Cleole because of her hundred thousand pounds?
4.His pipe was cold.
,,a thunder of applause (), sit on pins and needles (), at lightning speed (), push the boat with the current (),fish up the moon in the water (), star-studded (), pull a long face (), put all cards on the table (), in black and white (), call black white (), the white terror ()
1. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market.
(driving his pigs to market,,,)
2. Every time I come back from a business trip it makes a new man of me.
,,(a new man of me,,,)
3. She found the keys she had lost last month, which was like a bolt from the blue.
(a bolt from the blue,,)
4. A large segment of mankind turns to untrammeled nature as a last refuge from encroaching technology.
,(a last refuge,)
5. Old Mr. Jones kicked the bucket last week.
(kicked the bucket,,,,)
6. He has known praise and hatred, and has gone from cheers to jeers.
(has known praise and hatred and has gone from cheers to jeers,,,)
,,Prometheus, Achilles heel, Pandoras box, Hercules, Apollo, Trojan Horse,,,,
,(He is another regular Sherlock Holmes.),,
1. The man is a perfect Apollo.
2. I wonder whether he is a Trojan Horse.
(Trojan Horse,,,)
3. They have, by this very act, opened a Pandoras box.
(Pandoras box,,,,)
4. In spite of the Herculean efforts made by the enemy, the plot ended in a fiasco.
,(Hercules,,,,Herculean efforts,)
5. The goalkeeper is the heel of Achilles.
(Achilles,,,,,Achilles heel, the heel of Achilles,)
6. Old Mr. Smith fell from Scylla into Charybdis.
,(ScyllaCharybdisScylla,,; Charybdis,,fall from Scylla into Charybdis)
,,,,(shift of perspective),,,:
1. He has no small chance of success.
2. In this matter we wish to see neither victors nor the vanquished, but
3. Independence is a quality desirable in all media of information, and we admit that the existence of monopolies may in some cases jeopardize the objectivity of the information sought and given.
4. Bloomfields concepts of language were shaped not by Strunks Elements of Style but by his knowledge of Cree Indian dialect.
,Ludwing Wittgenstain:The meaning of a word is its use in the language.J.R.Firth:Each word ,when used in a new context, is a new word.,polysemy(),,,,,,green,,,20,,,,,, (),,,,,, (),,,,,He is still green at the job.,greeninexperienced,His words kept my memory green.,fresh,We had a green winter last year.,mild,:
(1)You were right to refuse. ()
(2)He went right home after school. ()
(3)A House was on our right. ()
(4)She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery.
(1) He likes surf-riding. ()
(2) It doesnt look like rain. ()
(3) We will never see his like again. ()
(4) I cant cook like you do. ()
(5) The teacher cannot cite a like instance.
(6) Like enough it will rain. ()
They go to work by tube every day.
She has two test tubes.
,shuttle,;,;,
(1) One to three crops of rice may be grown a year.
(2) Having improved their cultivation method, they reaped a better crop.
(3) They had gathered in all their crops before the heavy rain.
(1) She shook his hand and went upstairs.
(2) Mary writes a good hand. ()
(3) This oil-painting shows a masters hand. ()
(4) I shall put the problem into the hands of my assistant. ()
(5) That new company is in lack of hands. (())
(1) Please pay attention to that lady.
(2) He paid attentions to that lady. ()
: experience, experiences; grass, grasses; the last word, the last words
,,: But for the atmosphere plants should die.
: He can not be praised too much.
I can not agree with you more.
,Every man can not do it.Both windows are not open.,,
,,HHarmerly:,,,,,,rabbitchicken,,,as timid as a rabbit:You chicken! she cried, looking at Mary with contempt.:!,/!,,,,,,:
as mute as a fishdrink like a fishas drunk as a mouse
black sheepas cunning as a dead pigwork like a horse
a cat on hot bricksbirds of a feather
,,answer the phone;,After you;emergency exit
,,,yes,no;,,,,:You shouldn' t be discouraged, mother said to us. We all shook our heads.(,)
,,back,forword(s),,, five years back,; from this time forward,,: I ' m getting ahead of the story.:,,,ahead of,:,,
,(black tea)
,,,higher education, higher mathematics, higher mammals.
,hot spring,,,,
,,,,,,,statesman(),politician,thrifty(),stingy()Samuel Coleridge: that dear old soul, that old woman, that old witch,,
,deed(),():
(1) People praised highly the hero' s glorious deeds.
(2) He had lied to me and made me the tool for his wicked deeds.
direction(),():
(3) Under the direction of the teachers, he has made great progress.
(4) Under the direction of Hitler and Mussolini, Franco started a civil war.
old woman,,
(5) Now, look here, old woman, Higginbotham bullied, for the thousandth time Ive told you to keep your nose out of the business. I won't tell you again. (J. London: Martin Eden)
(6) All good attend you, dear old woman he said, embracing Peggotty, and you too, Master Davy! shaking hands with me.(C. Dickens: David Copperfield)
old woman,,,,,(5),,,,,old woman (6)Pegotty,old woman,,!old woman,,,,
Every president, I am sure, leaves the White House poorer than he was when he went in.
poorer,,,,I have no opinion of that sort of man.,,,, have no opinion
(1) It advantage is that it leads to a better utilization of specialist resources.
(2) We will have wasted all the worlds resources of oil and coal.
(3) Its a good place for a guy like you thats got some sort of inner resources.
(1) The people will stop your profiteering schemes, and the people will win.
(2) In Pounds scheme certain periods are so exciting that he relives them in his work.
(3) Prescott, Motley, and Parkman, the historians, conceived vast schemes, and carried them out to the limit of their powers.
(1) A rather simple way to alter the timing of crop development is to change the planting time.
(2) In general, her novel deals with simple folk on farms and in small towns which are never far from the sea.
(3) If we were as simple in the village as you in your courts and palaces, there would soon be no wheat to make bread for you.
(1) Alice was excited like a child, delighted to be once more the centre of comment.
(2) But what a comment, she could not help reflecting, on her own charms.
(3) Bloggs had begun to pace up and down as he spoke. He now stopped and looked around, Comments?
20,(),(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5,:
(1) Visual cues () from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation.
Visual cues from audience members can indicate...,3that,3,,,:
(2)But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and
psychology.
(3)One widely held belief is that a sharp fright will end a troublesome bout of hiccups, but many people prefer just waiting for them to go away as this cure is often worse than the ailmentitself.
3,: one widely held belief is that a sharp fright will end a trouble but many people prefer just waiting as this cure is often worse than the ailment itself.,,:
(4)So, as well as being overworked, a detective has to be out at all hours of the day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuading them, usually against their own best interests, to help them.
a detective has to be out at all hours of the day and night,.:
(1)It remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials would be sufficient to supply world economy which would have grown by 500 percent.
whether the reserves ofby 500 percent,it,It remains to be seen whether,,,,which would have grown by 500 percent,,,:
(2)That our environment had little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.
That our environment hadand behavior,,,,,:
(3)Time goes fast for one who has a sense of beauty, when there are pretty children in a pool and a young Diana on the edge to receive with wonder anything you can catch!
(4)And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.
4:;;;,,,,,:
(1)The behaviorists maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
(2) A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her bodys needs but also to produce milk for her fawns.
(3) The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterdays election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had
suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.
3:,;;3,,3,:
(4)Anyone considering taking part in a work of transformation of those forms of older art which seem to us in many ways unsatisfactory, so that they should be
more in tune with the changing times, and anyone who does not quail at the prospect of seeking out new forms of expression for new materials and new building function, will find spiritual kinship, observing Borrominis building.
anyone,,,,,,:
(1)When I went to Yan An in the summer of 1946, the Anti-Japanese War, and the Second World War of which it was a part, had been over for just a year.
of which it was a part,:
(2)The second aspect is the application by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.
fromtomembers of society,.:
(3)The method was largely developed by physicists, che it was later adopted by people working in such areas as education, psychology and sociology, where the subjects of research were often people.
where the subjects,,:
(1)But without Adolf Hitler, who was possessed of a demoniac personality, a granite will, uncanny instincts, a cold ruthlessness, a remarkable intellect, a
soaring imagination and until toward the end, when drunk with power and success, he overreached himself an amazing capacity to size up people and
situations, there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich.
there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich,Adolf Hitler,who,until,,,,,,:
(2)Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive.
.only when,:
(3)By the middle of the year, he warned, the Soviet Union would overtake the United States in the number of land-based strategic missiles, the result of a massive Soviet effort beginning in the mid-1960s, after the Cuban fiasco, to achieve at least parity and possibly superiority in nuclear weapons.
he warned,,,,:
(4)What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical check up just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months?
:46,;,,6,,?
1) From the jumble of first impressions ,we compiled an A to Z explanation of why America can be such a foreign country to those who arrive here from Europe.
a foreign country,,,,,,,foreign
2)I would become Chief Brain in English Two and sweep my princess off her feet with a surge of erudition ().
Chief Brain,,,
,,,,,,,,,,:
3) I' ve tried desperately to explain to my students that the image they have of me as an enthusiastic devotee of books and homework during my adolescence was a bit out of focus.
devotee of books and homeworkdevotee,,,,
4) She told me, I was a late starter and I only get to practice five or six hours a week, so my technique may not be up to their standards.
a late starter,
5) Cupid aimed his arrow and struck me right in the heart.
Cubid,,(),,,,
6) I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as
educational as victory and is not the end of the world.
,,,the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that...,toright,
7) I could never quite accept the notion of having to go to school while the fish were biting.
quiteaccept,,
8) In an emergency, it is our duty to save them first because they, helpless, have put their lives in our hands.
9) Technological innovation is nowhere more apparent than in the bicycle world.
10) Of all the period attitudes in the film, oddly, the old maritime tradition of "women and children first" enjoys total acceptance by modern audiences.
11) But this time another voice is heard:" Why women?"
another voice is heard,,,,:,
12) I just don' t get excited over the idea of yet another thing I could do if I pulled the right lever or set the right program.
13) Who else but a bookworm, with none of the normal kid' s tendency to play rather than study, would grow up to be a teacher?
,,when,Before,
14) It was an ordinary evening, no blacker than any other, when a car coming in the other direction went out of control, broke through the guard rail, and hit two other cars before smashing head on into his.
,, red(),white(),black(),green(),yellow(),blue(),purple(),gray(),brown(),,,,,
brown sugar& && black tea& honor roll& && ruby love pea&& & dividend
loyal heart&&&&& good luckgo-between& favoritehappy occasion&
weddings and funeralsblood-shot eye&&&&
traffic light& sweet potato&
make a good beginning
extremely popular see through the vanity of the world
red alert &&& the red carpet
red battle & &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& red ruin
see red &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& be in the red
red-letter day &&&&&& &&&&&& red tape
catch sb. red-handed
1. greengreen with envy, green as jealousy, green-eyed monstergreen-eyedred-eyed
2. , green:
In American political elections the candidates that win are usually the ones who have green power backing them.
The new typist is green at her job.
You cannot expect Mary to do business with such people. She is only eighteen and as green as grass.
1cucumber&&&&& &&&& loess plateau& &&&&&& &&&&&& wasp
lucky day& &&&&&&
soybean& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& ox
dusk &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& a silly little girl
1 yellow, yellow:
a yellow dog,
yellow-livered
He is too yellow to stand up and fight.,
2 ,yellow(taxi):
Yellow Pages&
Yellow Book&
1) They felt rather blue after the failure in the football match.
She looks blue today. Whats the matter with her?
She is in holiday blue.
holiday bluewinter holiday depression, , a blue Monday ()
blue talk& blue jokes& blue films&
blue video
3. blueblue blood ()
4. , blue, :
out of the blue &&&&&&&&&& once in a blue moon
a bolt from the blue &&&&&& blue in the face ()
(funeral)white,
plain boiled water&&&&&&&&&&&&&& && Chinese cabbage
no use&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&&
all in vain
wrongly written or mispronounced character
2. white alert
&&&&&& &&&&&& white collar workers
a white night&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& to see the white
a white day &&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& to show the white feather
white books ()&&& to stand in a white sheet
the white terror &&&&&& &&&&&& to bleed white
a white lie &&&&&&&&& the white coffee
white manwhite-livered
white elephant
blackBlack Friday
smuggled goods&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& inside story
a sinister line&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&&
evil backstage manipulator&& &&&&&& &&&&&&
sun glasses
boldface type&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& swarthy&&&&&
pitch-dark&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&&
in the dead of night
black in the face &&&&&&&&&& to look black at someone
black sheep&&&&&&&& &&&&& &&&&&& black day
black future
black tie &&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& to be in black mood
in the black &&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& a black letter day
black market &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& black and blue
black diamonds
&&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& black coffee
black tea&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& black draught
black ingratitude &
1& plastered wall &&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& to lose heart
gloomy &&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&&
a pessimistic outlook on life2a gray day
&&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& gray record
the gray market &&&&&& &&&&&& gray prospects
gray cloth &&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& gray collar
gray mare &&&&&& &&&&&& gray hairs / gray heads
to stand in the gray
the gray of the dawn / the gray of the morning
1. palm palm fibera variety of black bamboo2. brown bread &&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& brown polish
brown rice
&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& &&&&&& brown sugar
brown paper
&&&&&& &&&&&& to do sb. brown
a brownstone district
A fine oldgentleman, with a face as red as a rose.
2. The maxim was that when a married couple saw red lawyers saw green.
3. Alices girl friends were green with envy when they saw her new dress.
4. Your dont want to fight, do you? You are yellow.
5. It was blue Monday and he just didnt feel like going back to work.
6. I got some black looks from the shopkeeper when I cancelled my order.
3. ,green with envy
4. ,yellow
5. (Monday)
nevernonotnon-un-im-in-ir--less
1refuse, miss, deny, forbid, avoid, doubt, escape, fail, wonder, refrain, reject, expect
1) The first bombs missed the target.
2) Such a chance was denied me.
3) Ive read your article, I expected you an older man.
4) I was very young: the idea of working under a woman almost defeated me.
2failure, ignorance, denial, neglect, anxiety, absence, exclusion, naught, zero
1) This failure was the making of him.
2) His plan came to naught.
3) They feel great anxiety about his sickness.
4) That building is in a state of neglect.
3absent, empty, rare, blind, ignorant, disastrous, fluid, thin, final, poor, open, hard
1) Appearances are deceptive.
2) The explanation is pretty thin.
3) We are watching the fluid situation with concern.
4) It would be most disastrous if even a rumor of it were given out.
4safelyexactlypredictablymortally
1) He dived into the water fully clothed and rescued the children.
2) He knew he was mortally ill.
3) We may safely say so.
4) The subversionattempts proved predictably futile.
5above, against, beyond, past
1) His conduct has always been above reproach.
2) It goes against my stomach.
3) His achievements are beyond compare.
4) She is past caring everything around her.
6before, unless, till, or, rather than
1) The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered.
2) I will not go unless I hear from him. ,
3) She couldnt sit still till her native country was free.
4) Fight, or youll perish.
1fromprevent from, protect from, discourage from, prohibit from, absent from, safe from, free from, far from, departure from, freedom from
1) Painting can protect metals from corrosion.
2) I am far from thinking him wrong.
3) This district is free from mosquitoes.
2for fear that, be short of, in vain, more than, by means, with dignity, worthy of, at a loss, in defect of, at issue with, counter to
1) Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity.
2) Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army of the people.
3) He ran fast for fear that he might fall behind the others.
4) I used artificial flowers in defect ofreal ones.
more/erthan+know better than+betterthantooto
1) I regard her more highly than to suspect her.
2) He is old enough to know better to spend all his spare time on playing cards.
3) Its better to do well than to say well.
1the lastthe leastthe limit
1) The escape of the women initiated Lagree to the last degree.
2) To me...is the most difficult and dangerous parachute, the least fun to do, but the most spectacular to watch from the ground.
2remain,yet,still,have
1) In all my travels I had yet to see a place as beautiful as the orchard.
2) A lot of problems remained to be solved.
3) The decision has to come.
1) He was 75, but he carried his years lightly. ,
2) Ill eat my hat (boots, hands, head) if England wins tomorrow.
3) All music is alike to him.
4) The African people refuse to be intimidated () and taken in.
5) Friction neglected, the output will be equal to the input.
1dismiss, unload, demobilize, unfasten, displease, misunderstand
1) I rode around with him one day seeing how the ships unloaded.
2) The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations.
3) On their domestic stations events in the Middle East were dismissed briefly.
2discord, dislike, discredit, inadequacy
1) It was said that someone had sown discord among them.
2) He manifested a strong dislike for his fathers business.
3) Generally she accepted the family life in all its crowded inadequacy.
4) A liar is often treated discredit.
3insecure, indecisive, unusual, untouchable, undisguised, unfamiliar
1) All the articles are untouchable in the museum.
2) Hitlers undisguised effort to persecute the Jews met with worldwide condemnation.
He went into the insecure building.
4carelessly, dishonorably, unusually, unfortunately
1) He carelessly glanced through the note and got away.
2) Many agreed that the Prime Minister had in effect resigned dishonorably.
3) Unfortunately, she has a previous engagement.
leave no doubt, with no exception, lose no time, inconsistent with, disregard of
1) The doctor lost no time giving the patient first aid.
2) The illustrations are inconsistent with the contents in the book.
3) The factory refuses to adopt the new process in disregard of the environmental pollution.
notuntilno less thanno more thanbutcannottoonothing short ofnone other than
1) You cannot be too careful when crossing the street.
2) His escape was nothing short of a miracle.
3) It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price.
4) The beaten enemy had no other choice.
What dirty means would the boss not resort to!
2it isthat
It is a good machine that never goes out of order.
It is a long lane that has no turning.
If that isnt what I want! !
Smell these flowers! Arent they sweet? !!
1) Sir Percivals spies were not going to lose sight of me.
2) Such flight couldnt long escape notice.
3) The significance of these incidents wasnt lost on us.
4) You never fail to be moved by his words.
5) There can be no sunshine without shadow.
1. I am afraid I cant teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.
4. When I first met my husband, I was still a stranger to China.
5. It is our great pleasure to note that our economy is developing vigorously.
What measures have been or are being adopted by the local government to reduce air pollution?
2. Only those parts of the moon which are lighted up by the sun are bright.
The proposal was accepted by all the members of the committee.
Visitors are requested to deposit their bags before entering the exhibition hall.
Many of these questions would never have been asked if physics itself had not been put to use.
I told the interesting story to Susan, who told it to her sister.
The software engineer bought the half million house, but the professor of sociology, whose salary is much lower, only bought a small apartment.
She pushed open the door gently and stole () out of the room for fear that she should awake the baby.
There can be no doubt that she is competent for this job.
It is possible that he will participate in the contest.
1. In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold.
4. The theory is completely abstract instead of being based on more or less practice.
5. Jim was an aggressive engineer who did his job quite well.
All international disputes must be settled through negotiations and the avoidance of any armed conflicts.
2. I dont teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share.
3.There was scarcely a family but had at least one relative among the wounded.
4. Not many of things are of use in the form in which they are found.
5. Both the baskets are not made of stainless steel.
Mary told us the inner story softly, more to herself than to us.
I could no more do that than you.
This edition is not more expensive than the old edition.
4.& Nothing is more precious than time, yet nothing is less valued.
5.& She is old enough to know better than to spend all her money on clothes.
1.That year the Chinese yuan bought more, and the U.S. dollar less.
2. My mother was weeping again but this time with pleasure and love.
3. Even if coming by the subway, youll need 45 minutes to get there.
If only he had known that the disease was curable.
5. It is a book that should be on every public library shelf and our readers will wish to see that it is.
& &it ison every public library shelf.
I have to believe that in some strange way she learned as much from her moment of defeat as I did, because several years later, when I had finished school and proudly accepted a job as a newspaper reporter, she had already been a journalist with our hometown paper for six months.
They remarked how he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend divine worship.
3. We realized that they must have become unduly frightened by the rising flood, for their house, which had sound foundations, would have stood stoutly even if it had been almost submerged.
4. In other words, men enter female jobs out of the same consideration for personal interest and economic necessity that motivates anyone looking for work.
5. Both men reflect confidence and willingness to wait for what they regard as the inevitable turn of events in favor of peaceful settlement.
S+V+e.g. Good record will help.
S+V+P++e.g. I am a student.
S+V+O++e.g. Practice needs great effort.
S+V+O+O+++e.g. She gave me some books.
S+V+O+OC+++e.g. That news made her happy.
John wrote a letter.
John wrote a letter to his wife.
Just before he was released from jail, John wrote a letter to his wife.
Just before he was released from jail, John wrote a letter to his wife, asking if she would have him back.
&& After reading the letter the old man was so disappointed that he tore the letter into little bits with his trembling fingers.
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