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必修3&Unit&1&语法——情态动词
必修3&Unit 1 语法——情态动词
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。情态动词可表达建议，要求，可能和意愿等。
一. 情态动词有四类：
(1)只做情态动词：can(could), may(might), must
(2)可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should), will(would)　　
(3)可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need, dare
(4)具有情态动词特征：have to, ought to
二. 特点：(1)情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
(2)情态动词后接动词原形，其肯定式、否定式和疑问式的结构通常是：
肯定式：情态动词+动词原形
否定式：情态动词+not+动词原形
疑问式：情态动词+主语+动词原形
(3)个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去、现在或将来。
(4)情态动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态动词，但有时却可以与have和be等助动词连用,例如：
You should have finished your paper by
now.&& 现在，你本应该写完你的论文了。
You shouldn’t be playing with fire.
三. 部分情态动词的用法
1．can和could的用法
（1）表示“能力”、“许可”、“可能性”等。在口语中也可用may表示“许可”但比较正式。
I can drive a car.&& 我会开车。
You can go now.&&
你现在可以走了。（这样说比You may go now随便）
He said I could use his dictionary.
他说我可以用他的词典。（这里could用于said后的宾语从句中，是can的过去式，表示过去。）
can 用在肯定句中表理论上的可能性（一时的可能），may用在肯定句中表现实的可能性。
Can the news be true?& 这消息会是真的吗？
The road may be blocked.& 这条路可能不通了。
（2）（用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中）表示猜测、怀疑或惊诧。例如：
How can / could he be a liar ? 他怎么会是骗子？
He couldn’t / can’t be so stupid to rob his own brother.
She couldn’t / can’t be over thirty.
Where could / can my purse be now ? 我的钱包现在能在哪儿呢？
（3）could可以用于表示较客气委婉的看法、提问及用于虚拟语气的结构中，这时它不表示过去，而表示目前的事情。例如：
Could you lend me some money? 你可以借给我点钱吗？（比Can you客气。）
Could you come to visit me tomorrow morning?
He could have passed the exam if he had worked harder .
如果他再努力一些，本来是可以通过考试的。
（4）can和be able to都可以表示“能力”，但can只有现在式和过去式，而be able
to则有更多的时态形式。Can表示一贯的能力 ，be able
to表示客观能力和通过努力可以达到的能力。若表具体做某一件事的能力时，用be able to.
I can (could) finish the report. 我现在能（过去能）完成这项报告。
I am(was, shall be) able to finish the report.&
我现在能（过去能，将来能）完成这项报告。
I have not been able to finish the report. 我没能完成这项报告。
I can’t swim. But I am sure I will be able to swim through more
practicing.
2．may和might的用法
might是may的过去式，但是否表示过去要视用法和语义而定。
（1）表示可能性，有“或许”、“可能”的意思, 只用于肯定句和否定句，不用于疑问句。例如：
I may go abroad next year.
You may see the sunrise from here in the morning.
I wondered if they might agree with my plan.（此处might是may的过去式）
He said that I might have two days’ rest.（此处might是may的过去式）
注意：“might +动词原形”也可表示现在或将来的可能性，但语气更加不肯定。例如：
The millionaire might find it uncomfortable to have too much
这个百万富翁也许觉得钱太多不舒服。（可能性不大，所以用might.）
Man might live on the moon someday in the future.
将来某一天人类或许会居住在月球上。（可能性不大，所以用might.）
（2）表示自己允许或请求对方许可，有“可以”的意思。例如：
May I smoke here?
You may go to sleep now.
I’d like to have a rest if I may . 如果可以的话我想休息一下。
The teacher told her that she might hand in her paper in three days
. 老师告诉她说，她可以在三天后交论文。
注意：在请求对方许可时，might也可代替may, 但语气更为婉转客气。might这时并不表示过去。例如：
Might I use your phone? 我可以用你的电话吗？
（3） may有时可用来表示祝愿，例如：
May God bless you!& 愿上帝保佑你！
May you succeed！
( 4 ) 表建议（可和as well 连用， may as well do “最好，倒不如，还是…好”）
You may（might）as well stay where you are.&
你还是原地待着好。
区别：may well do
“完全能，很可能”&&&&&
Liza may well not want to go on the trip—she hates
travelling.
(5）may not 可能不,或许不； can not不可能，一定不
He may not come.
& He can’t come
（6）might也可用于表示目的等状语从句中，或用于虚拟语气的结构中。例如：
They went there by air so that they might arrive a bit earlier.
他们为了早点到达而乘飞机去的。
If you had followed my advice, you might have fulfilled your
3．must和have to的用法
（1）must表示“必须”，有命令的口气，很强硬。例如：
Everybody must obey the law.
Parents must take good care of their children.
We must be loyal to our friends.
注意：回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to。例如：
A: Must we hand in our report today? 　　
B: Yes, you must. (No, you needn’t/don’t have to.)
（2）否定式must not表示“不应该”、“不许可”或表示“禁止”等，而 don’t have to
意为“不必”（英国英语中常用needn’t）例如：
You must not speak like that to your wife.
You must not play with fire.
Smoking must not be allowed in the hospital.
Children do not have to cross busy streets to go to school.
（3）must常用于肯定句中表示推测（“一定”、“必定”）。对现在或未来的事进行推测时，后接动词原形；对已经发生的事进行推测时，后接have
+ 过去分词。例如：
This must be a gift for you.
You must be tired after working a whole day.
I didn’t see you at the party last night. You must have been
absent. 我昨晚上在晚会上没见着你，你肯定没有来。
（4）must 表示“偏要，硬要，非要”做某事。
-- How old are you, madam?
-- If you must want to know, I’m twice my son’s age.
（5）must与have to很接近，但含义并不完全相同。must表示说话人的主观看法，而have
to却强调客观需要，有“不得不”、“只好”的意思。have
to比must有较多的时态形式。Must之前不能有情态动词或助动词，但have to之前可以有情态动词或助动词，如will have
You must finish the work today. 你今天必须做完工作。（这是我对你的要求。）
You have to finish the work today. 你今天得做完工作。（这是客观情况的要求。）
4．need和dare的用法
（1）need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，一般用于否定句或疑问句中，第三人称单数现在时不加-s.
She needn’t wash the clothes.
Need I return the book this week? 　　
A：Need I finish the work today? 我今天需要完成这项工作吗？
B：Yes, you must.(肯定的答案用must, 不用need.) 是的，你必须。
或：No, you needn’t.(否定的答案用needn’t.)　 不，你不必。　
（2）“needn’t+ have+过去分词”结构“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。
You needn’t have waited for me. 你本不必等我。
You needn’t have come so early.&&
你本不需要来这么早的。
（3）need还可当作实义动词使用,有时态、人称和数的变化，其常见用法如下：
I need a bike to go to school. 　　
Do you need a pen? 　　
She needs a diamond ring. 　
The flowers need watering.
My car needs to be repaired.
（1）dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句和否定句中。如： 　　
The little boy dare not speak in public. 　　这个小男孩不敢在公众面前说话。 　　
Dare you catch a snake? 　　
（2）dare除作情态动词外,更多是当实义动词使用，有时态、人称和数的变化，所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式，在否定和疑问句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。
He dares to swim across this river.
He does not dare (to) answer.
Do you dare (to) walk alone in the dark? 　　你敢一个人黑夜走路吗？ 　　
He doesn’t dare (to) tell his father what happened that night.
5．shall和should的用法
should是shall的过去式，但有时也是情态助动词，这要视用法和语义而定。
（1）shall作为情态动词（不是助动词）时，表示说话人的意愿，用于第二、三人称陈述句，表示“命令”、“警告”、“允诺”或“威胁”。如：
You shall do as I instruct.（命令）你要像我指示的那样做。
You shall fail if you don’t work hard. （警告）如果你不努力就会失败。
He shall have the prize if he wins the
match.（允诺）他如果赢得比赛就会得到奖品。
He shall be punished. （威胁）他将受到惩罚。
（2）在疑问句中，shall用于第一、三人称，表示说话人征询对方意见或请求指示。例如：
What shall I do?
Shall we go shopping this afternoon?
（3）should作为情态动词，表示“劝告”、“建议”时，意思是“应当”。其同义词是ought
to；在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to。
Should I open the window? 我该打开窗子吗？
The doctor said that I should give up smoking.
（4）should还可用在if引导的条件从句中，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能。相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语由should+动词原形构成，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。例如：
Please remember me to Mrs. White if you should see her.
你万一见到怀特夫人，请捎去我的问候。 　　
If you should change your mind, please inform us.&
万一你改变主意，请通知我们。 　　
（5）Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事感到意外、惊异等,意为“竟会”。如： 　　
Why should you be so late this morning? 你今天早上怎么来得这么晚？ 　　
A：Where is Lucy living?& 露西住在哪里？ 　　
B：How should I know?&& 我怎么会知道呢？
I can’t believe that a gentleman should be so rude to his
（6）“should/ought to + have +
过去分词”结构表示“本应该做某事却没有做”，包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。
You should have started earlier.
&“should + not + have + 过去分词”或“ought not
to+过去分词”结构表示“本不该做某事却做了”。例如：
You shouldn’t have helped him, he could fulfill it
himself.& 你本不该帮助他的，他自己能完成。
6．will和would的用法
would是will的过去式，但有时也是情态助动词，这要视用法和语义而定。
（1）表示“意志”、“意愿”，“愿望”等。
I will help you if you are in need.
He promised me that he would lend me his car.
（2）用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求或询问（使用would时语气更为客气、委婉）
Will you tell her that I’ll call back in twenty minutes?
Won’t you come in and have a rest? 你要不要进来休息一下？
Would you tell me the way to the nearest bus stop?
（3）表示习惯、倾向（可译成”总是会、老是”等 ）
Sometimes the dog will lie there all afternoon.
有时侯，那只狗总是整个下午都趴在那儿。
Water and oil will not mix with each other. 水和油决不能调和。
During the holiday he would visit me every week. 假期里他每周都要来看我。
His wound would not heal.
（4）表示猜测（可译成”想必……、一定是……” 等）
This will be the book you’re looking for.
（5）would也可用于虚拟条件句，表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的情况。
But for your help we would have failed.
I would have died if you hadn’t saved me from the river.
四．情态动词表推测的用法 　　
1．情态动词表推测的三种句式 　　
（1）一般用must (一定)，may（可能），might / could（也许，或许）表示肯定的推测。例如： 　　
He must/may/might be at home now. 　　他现在一定/可能/也许在家。 　　
I can’t find my ring everywhere, I must have lost it.
　　我到处都找不到我的戒指，肯定是丢了。 　　
（2）can’t / couldn’t(不可能),may not/might not(可能不)可以用来表示否定的推测。例如：
It can’t/couldn’t be Professor Wang. He has gone to America last
month. 这不可能是王教授，他上月就去美国了。 　　
He may not/might not know the secret. 　　他也许不知道这个秘密。 　　
（3）疑问句中可用can/could...?(能……?)表示推测。例如： 　　
Could he have finished his thesis? 他可能把论文完成了吗？ 　　
Can he be there before 5 o’clock? 　　他5点之前能到那儿吗？ 　
2．情态动词表推测的三种时态 　　
（1）对将来情况的推测，可用“情态动词 + 动词原形”结构。例如： 　　
She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles in the desert without
meeting anyone. 　　
她一定/可能/也许会在沙漠里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。 　　
（2）对现在或一般情况的推测，可用“情态动词+be”，“情态动词+be doing”或“情态动词+动词原形”等结构。 　　
This can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be the truth.
　　这不可能/或许不是事实。 　　
She must / may / might / could be attending Lucy’s wedding ceremony
她现在一定/可能/也许正在参加露西的婚礼。 　　
She must / may / might / could know the famous writer.
　　她一定/可能/也许认识那位知名作家。 　　
（3）对过去情况的推测，可用“情态动词+have+过去分词”结构。　　
① must have done& “想必/准是/一定做了某事”。
I didn’ I must have been asleep.
② can have done, can’t have done&
表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。
He can’t have studied English before.
Can he has gone to his aunt’s?&&
他可能到姑妈家去了吗？
③ could have done
用于肯定句中表示“有可能已经做…”，还可表示过去没有实现的可能性，意为“本来可以做…（而没有做）”
He could have w it is so near.
④ may / might have done
表示对过去已发生的行为的推测，意为“也许已经…”，一般只用于肯定句和否定句中，不用于疑问句，用might则表示语气更加不肯定。
He may not have finished the work.
She might have caught a cold.
⑤ might have done 表示“本可能…”， 但实际上没发生的事
He might have given you more help, even though he was very
⑥ should / ought to have done
用于肯定句时，表示“本该做某事”，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事情做了。
The tree is dead. I should given it more water.
Tom ought not to have told me your secret.
⑦ needn’t have done 表示做了本来不必去做的事情，注意“didn’t need to
do”表示“没有必要做而实际上也没有做某事”。
I needn’t have bought the book.
专项练习题
1. I thought you ____like something to eat, so I have brought you
might&&&&&
would&&&&&
2. You　　 to the party tonight if you have something important to
& A. needn’t to come　& B. don’t
need come&& C. don’t need coming
　D. needn’t come
3. —May I pick a flower in your
garden?&&&&
— ________.
&& A. No, you
needn’t&&&&&&
B. Not, please& C. No, you
mustn’t&&&&&&
D. No, you won’t
4. ─　　　I help you with your suitcase, madam?
&& ─ Thanks, but I can manage it
& A. Will　　 B. Should　　 C. May　　 D. Must
5. You_____ have the novel after I finish it.
shall&&& B.
might&&&&&&
will&&&&&&&&
6. I searched for my key and it wasn’t there. I thought I 　　　 it at
A. left　　　B. have left　C. might have left　　D. could have left
7. I　　asleep because it took me a long time to realize that
somebody was knocking at my
　A. could have fallen 　& B. should have
fallen&&& C.
must have fallen 　&& D. mustn’t
have fallen
8. There is someone knocking at the door. _____ it be John?
&& A. can&
must&&&&&&&
should&&&&
D. ought to
9. What we 　　 get seems better than what we have.　　　　
　A. can’t　　　 B. could　　 C. can 　 D. couldn’t
10. I am sure you　　if you had followed my advice.
　A. could have succeeded 　 B. had succeeded　& C.
succeed　　&&&&&
D. could succeed
11. What a pity that you failed the exam, you 　　more careful with
your test paper.　　　　　　
　A. may be 　 B. had to be　& C. should have been 　
D. would be
12. Manager, many interviewees want to see you. 　　　　they wait here
or outside?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　A. Do　　 B. Will　　 C. Shall　　 D. Are
13. I told Sara your address, but perhaps I　　　 for her.　　　
　A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have
written it out　D. ought to write it out
14. Sister Carrie_____ sit in her rocking-chair for a long time
every day in the past.
could&&& B.
might&&&&&&
should&&&&&
15. Tom ought not to 　　you, but he meant no harm.
　A. have cheated& B. cheat& C. be
cheating&& D. having
16. He　　&& the task a month ago,
but he didn’t.　　
　A. must have finished　&& B. need
have finished C.
finished　&&& D.
should have finished
17. 　　　it be true that Albert won the first prize?　　　
　A. May　　&&& B.
should　　&& C.
Could　　&&&&
18. You 　　　lead a horse to& the water but
you　　& not make it drink.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　A. can 　 B. dare　& C. can
　&& D. can
19. ─Must we finish the task
today?&&&&&
─No, you 　　.　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　A. needn’t 　&& B.
mustn’t　&&& C.
D. shouldn’t
20. Mary 　　his love letter, otherwise she wouldn’t be so sad
　A. has received
　&&&&&&&&&&
B. must receive　C. couldn’t have
received　&&& D.
shouldn’t have received
Keys: 1-5 BDCCA&
6-10CCAAA&&
11-15CCCDA&&
16-20DCAAC
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初三英语总复习(情态动词)56
情情态动词；一概说情态动词是英语四类动词之一；二情态动词的用法；一）can和could的用法can是现在式，多用；1.表能力；1)Icanliftthisstone.；2)Canyouusechopsticks?；3)Icanseehimtonight.；4)IsaidthatIcouldgo.；5)Couldtheboyreadbeforeh；2.表可能或
情态动词 一
情态动词是英语四类动词之一。情态动词只有情态意义，即它所表示的是说话人的需要、可能、意愿和怀疑等语气。1）绝大部分情态动词跟不带to的动词原形
2）大部分情态动词没有人称和时态的变化。3）大部分情态动词可以帮助动词提问和否定。二 情态动词的用法一） can 和 could 的用法
can是现在式，多用于指现在和将来。如：(1) He can speak English. (2) Can you come to the meeting?
Could是过去式，多用于指过去。如：He could speak English when he was a child. Could 也可以用于指现在，表虚拟语气，或作为can的委婉形式。如: (3)The man could do with a haircut.
(4) If I could go, I should go later. (5) Could I help you? (6) Could you tell me how I can go to the post office?1. 表能力1) I can lift this stone.2) Can you use chopsticks?3) I can see him tonight.4) I said that I could go.5) Could the boy read before he went to school?2. 表可能或者推测1） The moon can not always be at the full.2) If it’s raining tomorrow, the sports can take place indoors.3) He has gone to Shijiazhuang. He can’t be at home. （不可能）He must be at home. （肯定）4) He said he couldn’t agree more.5) He could arrive tomorrow.3. 表示允许或者请求允许1）You can borrow my bike tomorrow.2)
Can you lend me a hand?3) This kind of thing can’t go on.4) could I interrupt a moment?5) Father said I could swim in the river.4. 表示怀疑、惊异和不相信1）How can it be true?2) Can he be really ill?3) How could he make a computer himself?4) What can (could) he mean?5. 用于固定习语1）She can’t help crying. (禁不住)2) He couldn’t help laughing.6. be (un)able to do 的用法1)
be (un)able to结构用来表示“有(无)能力做某事”。与can或者could不同的是be
(un)able to do结构有人称数的变化和完全时态变化。(1）He was able to swim when she was four.(2) Will he be able to be home for Christmas?(3) He has been unable to get on well with his friends.*was \were able to 和could 在表示能力时可以替换；当表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to，相当于manage to 或succeeded in . 不能用could。He was able to leave Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to leave Europe before the war broke out.= He succeeded in leaving Europe before the war broke out.注意：在否定句中，两者可以互换。如：----I wonder why she hasn’t turned up yet .----Perhaps she wasn’t able to / couldn’t get away from her work.2) 助动词后只用be able toThey will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。3) 情态动词后只用be able to 。They may be able to do it .They can /may be able to swim well. *6. can +不定式的完成式can +不定式的完成式表示对过去时间内可能发生事情的猜测或想象，推测过去某种动作“可能”发生了，多用于否定句或疑问句，表示对过去事情的怀疑和不肯定，其推断的语气很强。常译为“很可能……了”、“不可能……”、“…….. 可能吗？”例如：1)
He can’t have written this letter because it is German and he doesn’t know German.这封信不可能是他写的，因为这是用德语写的，而他不懂德语。2)
Can your teacher have forgotten your name?你的老师会忘记你的名字吗？（意指老师不可能忘记。）*
could +不定式的完成式could +不定式的完成式能用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句等各种句子中，它有两种用法：1．
表示对过去发生事情的推测，推测过去某动作“可能”发生了，这时could表示的可能性更小，例如：1) Mike could have broken the bowl because he was the only one at home yesterday.2) Could he have made a mistake？
（一般性推测）3)---We were to sit down for picnic on the top of the hill, but it was raining. ------It couldn’t have been a comfortable picnic.2. 表示过去某个动作有可能或有能力做，但由于某种原因而未做，意为“本可以….. 但没有…….”，表达一种惋惜或委婉批评、责备之意。例如：1) Tom could have joined us, but he didn’t get our invitation in time.2) You could have passed the exam early, but you were so careless as to make so many mistakes.二）may 和 mightmay是现在式，多指现在。如：(1) It may be true. Might是may的过去式，可以用于指过去。如：(1) He told me that it might be true. 总体上来说 might的语气较may更加委婉或者更加不确定 (1) It might be true. (2) Might I come and see you?1. 表示可能或者推测，暗含不确定的含义，相当于possibly, perhaps或者maybe1) He may be busy getting ready for his trip.2) He may be at home.3) He may not be at home.（可能不）4) He may come soon.5) He may not know about it.2. 表示请求或允许1) You may smoke now.2) May I park my car here?3) You may not sit here.4) Might I join you in the game?3. may 和 might 相比, might可以用于虚拟语气, may不可以1) It might help a little if you would only keep clean.2) I might be a lawyer and work on top of a tall building in the future.4. 用在某些固定习语当中1) You
give him the letter.2) I还是)5. may be 与maybe 的区别maybe是一个副词，只是表示语气上的“可能”，不会对句子的结构产生影响。而may be是be动词在may后面的用法，是一句话中的谓语部分。1） Maybe he is at home.
Perhaps he is at home.2) He may be at home.3) Maybe he will go on a trip.4) He may go on a trip.*
6. may +不定式的完成式may +不定式的完成式表示对过去事物的怀疑或猜测，推测某事在过去可能发生了，表示“可能了”，“也许了”。例如：1.You may have read about the news in the newspaper.2.He may have gone to the hospital.7. might +不定式的完成式1.)用来表示对过去事物的怀疑或猜测，认为某事在过去可能发生，might 较may 更加委婉或不肯定，意为“可能了”，“也许了”。例如：(1) ---What do you think that noise was?------It might have been a cat.(2)----She was in class on Friday afternoon, but no one has seen her since then. -----She might have had an accident.2) 用来表示“本来可以….而没有”，含有惋惜、劝告或批评责备之意。例如：1) you might have warned us that the dog was dangerous. （然而却没有这样做）2) You might not have been careless. （否定式表示“本来不可以….. 而……”）。三） must, have to, needmust可以用来指现在和将来，用于完成式可以指过去，其过去式仅用于间接引语。1. 表示义务
常常被翻译为“必须，应该”等含义。1) You must talk to your daughter about the future.2) We must work hard to do with the final exam.3) Must he do it himself? Yes, he must. / No, he needn’t. (No, he doesn’t have to.)2. must的否定式mustn’t表示“不可以，不行，不许”等含义1）He must not leave his room.2) You mustn’t talk in class.3) Children mustn’t play with a fire or swim in a river.3.表推测，暗含很大的可能性。翻译成“肯定，一定”,其否定式是can’t/couldn’t.1）He must be ill. He looks so pale./He can’t be at home. (对现在的推测)2) It must be late as the streets are empty. (对现在的推测)3) It must have rained last night./It couldn’t have rained last night. (对过去的推测)4) It must have weighed more than 1,000 kilos. (对过去的推测)5) He must be over fifty./He can’t be over fifty. (对现在的推测)6) It’s six o’clock. He must have arrived home. (对过去的推测)Have to的意思是“应该，必须”强调的是客观情况。它有人称和数的变化。有各种时态的变化。但必须借助助动词be, do(does), have(has)等提问否定。否定式的意思是“不必要，不必”的意思。1) He is a patient and he has to have a nurse.2) She knew what she had to do.3) We are having to get ready for the exam.4) I have had to work very hard since this September.5) Does he have to bring his picture to school? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. No, he needn’t.6) They won’t have to explain the theory again. Need既可以做情态动词也可以做实义动词。用作情态动词时，后面跟不带to的动词不定式，且仅用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，它有动词的全部变化（needs, needing, needed）。后面跟带to的不定式、名词或者动词的-ing形式。1.表示需要 (情态动词)1) You needn’t meet him unless you’d like to.2) Need I repeat it? Yes, you must./ No, you needn’t./ No, you don’t have to.3) He needn’t come so early.2.表示需要 （实义动词）1) You don’t need to meet him unless you’d like to.2) Do I need to repeat?3) He doesn’t need to come so early.4) We needed to stay until 9 yesterday evening.* 3. need have done表示不需要但是已经完成的动作。理解为“不必要”的含义，暗含时间或者精力的浪费。1）You need’t have bought it.2) He needn’t have stayed so late.注意 need 的被动含义：need, want, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动： need doing = need to be done1) The machines need washing. (主动结构表示被动含义)/ The machines need to be washed.2) The book is worth reading.3) His song is worth listening to. 四）shall与should的形式和用法shall和should作助动词的时候，should是shall的过去式；用作情态动词时，shall和should是两个不同的词。1. shall表示征询意见，多用于第一人称，并且用于疑问句。1) Shall I get you some fresh coffee?2) What shall we do this evening? Shall we go to the theatre?2. should表义务，用于各种句式，通常指将来。有“应该”的含义。1) You should do what your parents tell you.2) He should do some work, but he doesn’t want to.表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等情绪，译为“竟然”1) It’s a pity that he should be so careless .2) I never expect that you should have come here .3. should have done表示应完成但是尚未完成的动作。理解为“本应该”1) We should have helped him.2) He looks very ill. He should have stayed at home.五） will 与would的用法（一）will1. 表示意志和决心，用于各种人称。1)I’ll do my best .* 2.表示各种倾向或习惯动作。1) Fish will die out of water .2) Oil will float on the water.* 3.也表示一种揣想，用于二三人称。They will have arrived by now .他们大概已经到了。4.用于疑问句表示请求，邀请。1) Will you give me a piece of paper ?2) Will you please join us in our trip to the countryside?* 5 有时表示难免。Boys will be boys . 男孩毕竟是男孩。Accident will happen . 事故难免会发生。（二）wouldwould 是will的过去式，would+v 构成过去将来时，除此之外，是单独的情态动词。1 表示过去时间的“意志，愿望和决心”I told him that I would go along with him .包含各类专业文献、高等教育、文学作品欣赏、应用写作文书、各类资格考试、生活休闲娱乐、专业论文、行业资料、初三英语总复习(情态动词)56等内容。　
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