&&&&& Do you like Hunan TV shows ?What do you think of them ?
&&&&& A popular TV show may have 70,000,000 TV viewers（观众）.A TV show can make something or someone well-known overnight（一夜成名）.That's why more than 10,000,00 women and girl of 4-89 years old watch Hunan TV's "Super Girl"show .
&&&&& These "game"shows put ordinary （普通的） people on TV to play a game for prize （奖品） and money .These game shows can make anyone a star ,and he or she can also get lots of money ,so many people watch the shows .
&&&&& "Super Girl "is the first show of this kind in China .It's so close to you .Everyone can join in it .
For the show ,many girls stop their classes ."They hope they can be superstars someday .But the best way to success （成功）is to learn more and work hard ,"said some directors （导演）.
1.This article may come from _____.
A.a sitcom& B.a textbook&& C.a newspaper&& D.a fashion show
2.People like watching "Super Girl"show ,because ______ .
A.it can make some people well-known overnight
B.it can make people get lots of knowledge（知识）
C.people have nothing else to do
D.it's interesting
3."Super Girl" show is a TV show for ______ to show their life and talent (才能） by music .
A.men and women singers&&& B.superstars&& C.ordinary girls&&& D.ordinary boys
4.The oldest （观众） viewer in this show is ______ years old .
A.ninety-eight&& B.four&& C.eighty-nine&& D.eighty
5.Many girls don't have their classes but join in the show because they _____.
A.don't like to go to school&& B.don't want to join in the show
C.want to be superstars& D.think it's interesting
1. 文章介绍了Hunan TV shows 以及“Super Girl ”，故选C；&2.由A TV show can make something or someone well-known overnight .可知； 3.从 These "game"shows put ordinary people on TV to play a game for prize and money .可知参加者都是普通女孩子；
4.从That's why more than 10,000,00 women and girl of 4-89 years old watch Hunan TV's "Super Girl"show .可知最大的观众是89岁，故选C；
5.根据For the show ,many girls stop their classes ."They hope they can be superstars someday .可知她们不上学的原因，故选C。
1-5：CACCC英语 口语 试题 回答1.Do you have a good have a good friend?Please say something about him?2.What do you think a good friend should be like?What do you do to be a good friend?3.Do you like English?How do you study English?4.Do youthink it impo_百度作业帮
拍照搜题，秒出答案
英语 口语 试题 回答1.Do you have a good have a good friend?Please say something about him?2.What do you think a good friend should be like?What do you do to be a good friend?3.Do you like English?How do you study English?4.Do youthink it impo
英语 口语 试题 回答1.Do you have a good have a good friend?Please say something about him?2.What do you think a good friend should be like?What do you do to be a good friend?3.Do you like English?How do you study English?4.Do youthink it important to learn English well?why?5.What would you do to improve you English?06.Have you ever experienced an earthquake?What will you do during an earthquake?7.What kind of person do ypu want to be?What will you do to realize your goal?8.Do you think a rich and successful person is a great person?Why?9.Do you like sports?what kind of sports do you open have?10.What do you know about the Olympic Games?Please say something about it.11.How have compurters changed our lives?What role do you think computers play in our lives?12.What do you think we should do to protect widlife?13.Do you like music?What kind of music do you like?14.Who is your favourite singer?Please say something about him/her.15.Do you like traveling?What’s your opinion about traveling?16.What is your favourite holiday of the year?Why?17What is your favourite food?Do you eat a healthy diet?18.Do ypu like fast food?Why?19.Do you like reading?Who is your favouritewriter?Say something about him.20.Which woman do you admire most?Why?21.Do you have a great mother?Please say something about her.22.Do you have happy family?Please say something about your family.23Do you like to have a pet?Why?24.Which university do you like to go?Why?25.Did you ever work as a volunteer?What did you do as a volunteer?26.What is your hobby?Say something about it.
1.Yes,of course.He's amusing and humorous,just like me.2.A good friend should be like me who have good personalities.I am honest to all my friends and in return they are honest to me.3.Yes,that's why I am here.Actually I don't study English,I learn.There are many differences between studying and learning.4.Yes,it's important,because nowadays more and more people use English not only in daily lives but in doing business as well.5.I'd like to make friends with more native English speakers,and learn from them.6.No,but if I had,I would firstly run to a place where there are no too many tall buildings.7.I want to be the most amazing and attractive person in the world.I will do whatever I can to realize my dream.8.No,being rich and successful is not enough to be a good person.You also need to improve your personalities.9.Yes,I am keen on sports,all kinds of sports!10.Olympic games?Actually I just know it came from China and it's getting more famous in China after several decades when it came back to China months ago.11.Computers change our lives in many ways,such as you can find whatever you like through the internet,no matter violence or other kind of profiles.I do think I can't live without a computer!12.Well,wildlife sometimes tastes good after being baked or cooked,I like the flavor.But we have to protect them from being eaten by other human beings.13.Yes,of course,I like rock music and blues.14.My favorite singer is My girlfriend,she's good at singing,and I don't know what I can do if she become famous,I am afraid she'll leave me then.15.Yeah,traveling is good for my health,I can find many foods on the way,such as monkey brains,have you ever tasted them,it's delicious!16.My favorite holiday was spent with my girlfriend in summer.We slept together all the time and do some activities on bed,that's really fun and interesting.17.My favorite food is cooked rice.Yes,I eat a healthy diet.18.Yes I like fast food,as it makes me feel good all the time.19.Yes,reading is good for me,some novels are really interesting.My favorite is Yong Jin,she's a beautiful woman and no doubt I love her novels.20.I admire my girlfriend most actually.She's a popular singer in America,she sent me money to live.21.Yes,I have,how about you?My mother is good at cooking and talking,if you feel depressed you'd better talk to her,she will bring you a lot of fun.22.Yes.My family is a big family,I have more than ten sisters and four brothers,when we are together,we spend all the time together,wherever and whenever.23.Yes,like dogs or cats,they are lovely animals and I can eat them when they are killed by my father.24.I'd like to go to the Harvard University.Because I heard that there are many beautiful girls there and I think I can get a new girlfriend when I am studying there.25.Yes,I used to.I was a doctor's assistant,in fact I was a nurse's assistant.So there are many things for us to do,especially when there are no patients who need us to pay attention to.26.Oh,I have too many hobbies,I think I love dancing most,I am good dancer and always attractive in a dance floor!Do you want me to show you my amazing dancing?.Social Darwinism and class essentialism: The rich think they are superior.
The Rich Think They’re Superior. That’s Deluded and Dangerous.
Illustration by Robert Neubecker
London&s mayor, Boris Johnson, drew criticism late last year&for saying that economic inequality can be attributed, in part, to IQ. &I am afraid that [the] violent economic centrifuge [of competition] is operating on human beings who are already very far from equal in raw ability,& he
an audience at the Centre for Policy Studies.
That&s a satisfying worldview for someone who is successful and considers himself unusually bright. But a quick look at the data shows the limitations of raw smarts and stick-to-itiveness as an explanation for inequality. The income distribution in the United States provides a good example. In 2012 the top 0.01 percent of households earned an average of , while the mean household income for the country overall was . Are top earners 200 times as smart as the rest of the field? Doubtful. Do they have the capacity to work 200 times more hours in the week? Even more doubtful. Many forces out of their control, including sheer luck, are at play.
But say you&re in that top 0.01 percent&or even the top 50 percent. Would you want to admit happenstance as a benefactor? Wouldn&t you rather believe that you earned your wealth, that you truly deserve it? Wouldn&t you like to think that any resources you inherited are rightfully yours, as the descendant of fundamentally exceptional people? Of course you would. New research indicates that in order to justify your lifestyle, you might even adjust your ideas about the power of genes. The lower classes are not merely unfortunate, according
they are genetically inferior.
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In several
published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Michael Kraus of the University of Illinois at Urbana&Champaign and Dacher Keltner of the University of California at Berkeley explored what they call social class essentialism. Essentialism is the belief that surface differences between two groups of people or things can be explained by differences in fundamental identities. One sees categories as natural, discrete, and stable. Dogs have a certain dogness to them and cats a certain catness.
Researchers have found that people hold essentialist beliefs about generally biological categories such as gender, race, and sexuality, as well as about more cultural ones such as nationality, religion, and political orientation. Essentialism leads to stereotyping, prejudice, and a disinclination to mingle with outsiders. Kraus and Keltner wanted to know if we see social class as an essential category.
They started by developing a scale for measuring essentialistic beliefs about class. A diverse group of American adults rated their endorsement of such statements as &I think even if everyone wore the same clothing, people would still be able to tell your social class,& and &It is possible to determine one&s social class by examining their genes.& On average, people rated the items a 3.43, where 1 means completely disagree and 7 means completely agree.
If you’re doing well, you believe success comes to those who deserve it, and those of lower status must not deserve it.
Participants also gave a subjective rating, from 1 to 10, of their own social class rank within their community, based on education, income, and occupational status. The researchers found that higher social class was associated with greater social class essentialism. This pattern remained even after controlling for political orientation as well as objective measures of a participant&s income and education level, indicating that it&s one&s sense of being above or below others, not one&s actual resources, that drives the result.
Kraus and Keltner looked deeper into the connection between social class and social class essentialism by testing participants& belief in a just world, asking them to evaluate such statements as &I feel that people get what they are entitled to have.& The psychologist Melvin Lerner developed
in the 1960s, arguing that we&re motivated to believe that the world is a fair place. The alternative&a universe where bad things happen to good people&is too upsetting. So we engage defense mechanisms such as blaming the victim&&She shouldn&t have dressed that way&&or trusting that positive and negative events will be balanced out by , a form of magical thinking.
Kraus and Keltner found that the higher people perceived their social class to be, the more strongly they endorsed just-world beliefs, and that this difference explained their increased social class essentialism: Apparently if you feel that you&re doing well, you want to believe success comes to those who deserve it, and therefore those of lower status must not deserve it. (Incidentally, the argument that you &deserve& anything because of your genes is philoso none of us did anything to earn our genes.)
Higher-class Americans may well believe life is fair because they&re motivated to defend their egos and lifestyle, but there&s an additional twist to their greater belief in a just world. Numerous researchers have
that upper-class people are more likely to explain other people&s behavior by appealing to internal traits and abilities, whereas lower-class individuals note circumstances and environmental forces. This matches reality in many ways for these respective groups. The rich do generally have the freedom to pursue their desires and strengths, while for the poor, external limitations often outnumber their opportunities. The poor realize they could have the best genes in the world and still end up working at McDonald&s. The wealthy might not merely be turning a blind e due to their personal experience, they might actually have a blind spot.
There is a grain of truth to socia
estimate that income, educational attainment, and occupational status are perhaps at least 10 percent genetic (and maybe much more). It makes sense that talent and drive, some portion of which are related to genetic variation, contribute to success. But that&s a far cry from saying &It is possible to determine one&s social class&by examining his or her genes.& Such a statement ignores the role of wealth inheritance, the social connections one shares with one&s parents, or the educational opportunities family money can buy&not to mention strokes of good or bad luck (that are not tied to karma).
One repercussion of social class essentialism is a lack of forgiveness for criminals and cheaters. In one of Kraus and Keltner&s experiments, subjects read one of two fake scientific articles: One reported that we genetically inherit our work ethic, intelligence, and ultimately our
the other held that socioeconomic status has no genetic basis. Then the participants read scenarios about someone cheating on an academic exam and rated how much they endorsed various punishments, including &restorative& ones such as community service and ethics training. Those who read the essay supporting essentialism showed more resistance to restorative punishments. &When people cheat the academic system they unfairly ascend the social class hierarchy,& Kraus says. Some of us might attribute a cheater&s seeming subpar intelligence or preparation or integrity to upbringing and see room for improvement. An essentialist will see bad genes. And if you think people can&t change, then there&s no use in trying to help them.
Kraus and Keltner think social class essentialism (and the historically even more harmful race essentialism) might push our justice system toward giving certain people long prison sentences instead of chances at rehabilitation. Spreading the notion that social categories are constructed could counteract the belief that lower-class people&s behavior is genetically determined, and it could also lead to greater support for drug treatment programs, affirmative action, Head Start, an increased minimum wage, and multiple other causes benefiting the less affluent.
Social class essentialism is basically inciting social Darwinism. This distortion of Darwin&s theory of evolution, in one interpretation, is the belief that only the fit survive and thrive&and, further, that this process should be accepted or even accelerated by public policy. It&s an example of the logical fallacy known as the &appeal to nature&&what is natural is good. (If that were true, technology and medicine would be moral abominations.) Social class essentialism entails belief in economic survival of the fittest as a fact. It might also entail belief in survival of the fittest as a desired end, given the results linking it to reduced support for restorative interventions. It&s one thing to say, &Those people can&t change, so let&s not waste our time.& It&s another to say, &Those people can&t change, so let&s lock them away.& Or eradicate them: Only four years ago, then-Lt. Gov. of South Carolina Andre Bauer told a town hall meeting that poor people, like &stray animals,& should not be fed, &.&
Kraus& even more recent work, not yet published, goes beyond what high-status individuals believe in order to maintain the status hierarchy and explores what they do. Consider Congress. Members& median net worth, in 2011, was $966,000. &They&re quite wealthy individuals,& Kraus says. &And because they&re wealthy they&re likely to engage in not only these essentialistic [mental] processes, but these people actually have power to enact laws to maintain inequality.& A top adviser to the U.K.&s education secretary just
arguing that &discussions on issues such as social mobility entirely ignore genetics.& He claimed that school performance is as much as 70 percent genetic and criticized England&s Sure Start program as a waste of money. (As Scott Barry Kaufman, an intelligence researcher at NYU and the author of , points out, &Since genes are always interacting with environmental triggers, there is simply no way to parse how much of an individual child&s performance is due to nature or nurture.&)
It may be easy to demonize upper-class politicians as out of touch. But given how easily Kraus and Keltner triggered social class essentialism in everyday Americans, and given the frequency with which we toss around terms like white trash, redneck, welfare queen, and (across the pond) chav, we might want to question the degree to which we all see status as a marker of a deeper identity. If you were born under other circumstances, your r&sum& might look very different. Privilege is often invisible, especially one&s own.
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