去哪里多少次 现在完成时疑问句 特殊疑问句

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现在完成时怎么变特殊疑问句
现在完成时怎么变特殊疑问句
额,就是直接变.We have been here for 5 hours.Where have you been?系动词,放后面,主语前面加have.如果有问题,请追加.2013-第4讲 你们学校有游泳池吗?【现在完成时及How many特殊疑问句】_土豆_高清视频在线观看您好,欢迎来到新东方
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一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题
12:46&&作者:亓娟娟&&来源:沈阳新东方&&字号:|
一、前言:
  初一下学期同学们学习了一般过去时态的相关知识,即将到来的初二上学期英语学习中,现在完成时是重要的学习内容。本文通过对比一般过去时和现在完成时,对现在完成时进行初步讲解,希望使同学们读新学期的学习有所准备。
  二、现在完成时
  1. 现在完成时的构成
现在完成时是由助动词 have (has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。
  2. 现在完成时的用法
  现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。
  We are good friends.(现在的情况)
  I knew him in 1997.(过去的动作)
  We have known each other since 1997.
  (现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在)
  (1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如:
  -Have you had lunch yet?
  -Yes, I have. I've just had it.
  你(已经)吃午饭了吗? 我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)
  (2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 
  如:He has taught here since 1981
    他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教)
    I haven't seen her for four years.
    我有四年没见到她了。
  (3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice,ever,
never,three times等时间状语。
  如: I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。
  3.现在完成时的时间状语
  (1)现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last
Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
  a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。
  如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
    They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
  b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未“等。
  如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗?
    -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
  c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just,
before, up to now, the past few years等。
  例如:I have seen her before, but I can not
remember where.
     我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。
     He has been there three times the last
     近几天他去过那里三次了。
  d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语,如:now, today,
this morning (month, year, term)等。
  例如:-Have you met him today? -No, I haven't.
     今天你见过他吗?我 没有。
     How many times have you been there this
     今年你去过那里多少次?
  (2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。如:I haven't seen
him for two years.  但是,像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用,必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:
    arrive→be
here         begin(start)→be on
    die 
→be dead         come back→be back
    leave →be away         fall ill(sick,asleep)→be
ill(sick,asleep)
    get up→be up          go out   →be out
    finish →be over        put on  →wear 或be on
    open  →be open        join  
→be in或 be a member of…
    close  →be closed      
go to school→be a student
    borrow  →keep         buy 
→have     
    catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)  get to know →know
    begin to study→study      come to work→work等
  如:He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
    His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。
    The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。
    We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始)学英语已三年了。
  4.几点注意事项
  (1)have
been(to)与have gone( to)的区别:have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;have
gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与once
,never, several times等连用,后者则不能。如:They have been
to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。
  He has gone to Beijing .  他去北京了。
  (2)如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。
  如:It is two years since his father died.
    =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有两年了。
  (3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
  如:I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。
  (4) 表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时,用现在完成时,要加表示一段时间的时间状语时,常用 for+一段时间, since+时间点。
  I have lived here since my childhood.我从小就一直住在这里。
  I have lived here for 10 years. 我在这已经住了10年了。
  (5) 在提问现在完成时的时间状语时通常用 how
  How long have you lived here?
  注意:在表示某一行为状态持续多长时间时,根据终止时间的不同,时态使用是不一样的。如:
  I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在这里住了一周。
  I have lived here for a week by now. 到现在为止,我已经在这里住了一周。
  I will live here for a week next year.明年我会在这里住一周。
  二、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
  现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在;而一般过去时表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系。
  I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦,是上个月去的。
  1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。 
  2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
  一般过去时的时间状语:
  yesterday, last week,…ago,
in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
  共同的时间状语:
  this morning, tonight, this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
  现在完成时的时间状语
  for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till /
until, up to now, in past years, always,
  3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,
teach, learn, work, study, know. 
  过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish,
become, get married等。
  举例:
  I saw this film yesterday.    (强调看的动作发生过了。)
  I have seen this film.      (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)  
  Why did you get up so early?   (强调起床的动作已发生过了。)
  Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。)
  She has returned from Paris.   她已从巴黎回来了。
  She returned yesterday.      她是昨天回来了。
  He has been in the League for three years.   (在团内的状态可延续)
  He has been a League member for three years.  (是团员的状态可持续)
  He joined the League three years ago.      ( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)
  I have finished my homework now. 
  ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
  ---He's already been sent for.
  句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如
yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
  (错)Tom has written a letter to his parents
last night.
  (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last
  三、练习题
  1. A. 用
already或 yet
  1) Have they taken down the old pictures ___yet___?
No, not ___haven’t_______.
  2) Most of us have finished our compositions _____阿拉ready___
  3) He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition _____yet___.
  B.用 since或 for
  1) We have learned five lessons __scince____ the
beginning of this term.
  2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital ___scince___last
  3) I have stayed at my aunt’s _____two weeks.
  C. 用have gone或 have been
  1) Where are the boy students ? They _____ to the
school factory.
  2) Is your father in ? No, he ____ to Shenzhen.
_______he ever ______ there before ? Yes, he ___ there several times
  3) He asked me if I_____ to Hangzhou before.
  I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I
____ never ____ to that city before.
  2. 选择填空
  1.Mother ____me a new coat yesterday. I _______ it
on. It fits me well.
  A. had made…have tried  B.
made…have tried
  C. has made…tried     D.
made…tried
  2 “He ____to draw horses already”. “When ______ he ?”
“ Last year “
  A. learned…has  B.
learned…did  C. has
learned…has  D. has
learned…did
  3.Tom _____up into the tree. Look, he ____ high up
  A. has got…is  B. has
climbed…was  C. got …was  D. climbed…is
  4.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two
hours ago.
  A. Did…copy…did  B.
Have…copied…have  C.
Have…copied…did  D. Did …copy…had
  5. “Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____
at her just now .”
  A. did…get…shouted     B.
has…got…shouted
  C. did…get…has shouted   D.
has…got…has shouted
  6. ______you __________ the film before ? Where _____
you ____ it ?
  A. Have …seen…did…see   B.
Did …see…did…watch
  C. Have…seen…have…seen  D. Did
…see…have…seen
  7.You ____ me waiting for two hours. I ____ for you
since five.
  A. kept…waited      B.
have kept…waited
  C. kept…have waited   D.
have kept…have waited
  8.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library. He
_________ there for an hour.
  A. has…been…has gone B.
has…gone…has been  C. did…go…went  D. did…be…went
  9.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______
  A. Has…cried…has stopped   B. Is…crying…stopped
  C. Did …cry…stopped      D.
Is…crying…has stopped
  10. I _______ the way. I ________ here for quite many
  A. knew…have lived  C.
knew…live  C. know…have
lived  D. know…live
  11. _____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.
  A. Have…gone to  B.
Have…gone in  C. Have…been to  D. Have …been in
  12. My brother ____college for over three years.
  A. has gone to  B.
has been to  C. has been in  D. has been at
  13.He ________ the Army by the end of 1989. He ______
in the army since then.
  A. joined…is  B. has
joined…has been   C. had joined…is   D. had joined …has been
  14. By the time I _____ back they ____ up ten
satellites.
  A. came…have sent  B.
came…had sent  C. come…have
sent  D. had come…sent
  15. Jack ____ over five lessons by seven o’clock.
Then he ____ a rest.
  A. went…took  B.
went…had taken  C. had gone…took  D. had gone…had taken
  16. We ____ out by that time that he ____ a spy for a
long time.
  A. had found…had been  B. had
found…was  C. found…had been
 D. found…was
  17. Before the news ____ him, he ____ to know about
  A. reaches…has got   B.
reached…had got   C.
reached…got   D. had
reached…got
  18. I _____ him a second letter before I ____ from
  A. wrote…heard   B.
wrote…had heard   C. had
written…heard   D. have
written…hear
  19. People ____ that the soldiers _____ fighting.
  A. say…had stopped   B.
said…has stopped   C. say…stopped   D. said…had stopped
  20. We ____ in a good harvest because we ____ enough
  A. didn’t get…had had   B.
got…had had   C. had got…had
had   D. got…hadn’t had
  21. They _______ for five hours when they ______ in
  A. flew…arrived     B. had
flown…had arrived
  C. flew…had arrived   D. had
flown…arrived
  22. She ____ that it _____ for two days by that day.
  A. says…has rained   B.
says…had rained   C. said…had
rained   D. said…rained
  23. John _____ there since the year before, so he
_____ them.
  A. had worked…knew   B. had
worked…had known
  C. worked…knew     D.
worked…had known
  24. He _____ angry because he ____ for a long time.
  A. had got…had waited   B.
got…waited   C. had got…waited
  D. got…had waited
  25. -I have seen the film “Titanic” already.
    -When __________ you __________ it?
    -The day before yesterday.
  A. have; seen   B. will; see   C. did; see   D. did; seen
  26. Mr Black __________ in China since five years
  A. lived   B. has lived   C. lives   D. is going to live
  27. We ____________ trees last Sunday. So far we
__________ over 3,000 trees there.
  A. planted;
planted     B. planted; have planted
  C. have planted;
planted  D. have planted; have planted
  练习答案:
  1.A. 1) already, yet   2)
already       3) yet
   B. 1) since       2)
since        3) since
   C. 1) have been     2)
has gone, Has, been, has been    3) have been,
  2. BDACA   ADBDC   CDDBC   ABCDB   DCADC   BB
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马上分享给同学
据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“句型转换。1. They have got some rice. (改为否定句)They ___..”主要考查你对&&现在完成时,连词成句,形容词,一般疑问句,特殊疑问句&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
现在完成时连词成句形容词一般疑问句特殊疑问句
现在完成时:过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果,过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词句式:1. 否定句式:现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't (hasn't)+过去分词...”。如:I have not seen the movie yet. 我还没看这部电影。2. 一般疑问句:Have(Has)+主语+过去分词...? 如:—Have you finished the work?你已经做完这项工作了吗?—Yes, I have. 是的,我已经做完了。(No, I haven't. 不,我还没有做完。)3. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have(has)+主语+过去分词...?如:How many times have you been to the Great Wall?你去过长城几次?提示:肯定句中有some, already时,改为否定句或疑问句时通常要分别改为any, yet。如:I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。→ I haven't finished my homework yet. (否定句)→ Have you finished your homework yet? (一般疑问句)现在完成时常见两种句型: ①for短语 ②It is+一段时间+ since从句 现在完成时特点:1. 非持续性动词的完成时的肯定式不能与时间段连用,若要用时间段状语,则应换成相应的持续性动词或状态动词。 例如:He has left. He has been away for an hour. 2. have/has been to 表示曾经去过某地,但现在不在那;have/has gone to表示现在已去某地,现在不在这。 例如:He has been to Canada, but now he is working in our company. Mr. Li in not at home. He has gone to Shanghai. 3. 完成时的肯定式常用already,而否定式和疑问式常用yet,但若already用于疑问句时,表示一种出乎意外的惊讶。 例如:Have you read it already? 现在完成时和一般过去时区别:现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等,而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系。比较:I have lost my new book.& 我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到) I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的,现在找到与否没说明)have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别:have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与once ,never,several times等连用,后者则不能。如:They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing .& 他去北京了。现在完成时注意事项:1.如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。如:It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。2.终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。3..现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,(如表示过去的时间状语)如:yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for,since连用.4.不能与when连用. 现在完成时的用法:1.表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如: -Have you had lunch yet?&&&& -Yes,I have. I've just had it.2.表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。如:He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教) I have't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。3.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”。常与twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。 如:I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京
4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如:now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year,just,today,up to present,so far等: Peter has written six papers so far. Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year. The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful. 5.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如:already(肯定),yet(否定,疑问),just,before,recently,still,lately,never等: He has already obtained a scholarship. I haven't seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet?6.现在完成时的"完成用法" 现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。例如:He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。) 现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此:该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning / month /year...,today等)连用。例如:Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗? 7.现在完成时的"未完成用法"现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。例如:He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。) I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。) 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now,so far)等。例如:I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意:现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。8.一段时间+has passed+since从句主语+have / has been+since短语例如:He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了  9. 现在完成时常和短语 "up to now /till now","so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在)连用。  Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。has gone (to),has been (to),has been (in) 的区别has gone to:去了没回has been to :去过has been in:呆了很久连词成句:即是把错乱排列的词语根据语法或句法特点排列组合成为句式整齐,内容恰当,语气流畅的句子的方法。他基本的要求是句子完整和流畅没有语法错误,更不要有语病。连词成句题做题技巧:首先强调第一个单词的第一个字母要大写,其次句子的最后要有标点符号。然后分句型来做: 1. 陈述句的时候,先找主语,然后找动词,再找其他,记得时间和地点是放在后面的。 2. 疑问句时,有疑问词的情况下找疑问词,然后找助动词,找主语,找其他。没有疑问词的情况下,就找助动词/be动词,再找主语,找其他。 3. 做这一类型的题目时,学生要有一定的基础,会认读单词,熟悉基本句型。 具体可以分一下几步来完成:一、看清标点符号1.如果是句号,则是陈述语句。陈述句的基本结构就是主语+谓语+宾语而构成的。2.如果是问号,则是疑问语句。要先看是特殊疑问句还是由情态动词引导的疑问句。①如果有where 、what、how等疑问词,那么它就是特殊疑问句,就要把疑问词where 、 what、 how 等放在一句话的最前面,它后面紧接的是be动词也就是我们学习过的am、is、are三个单词。②如果题目中有can、 may、shall、would等情态动词,那么它就是由情态动词引导的疑问句。例如:“have& I& a& may& new& bike (?)” 。这道题目中有一个情态动词may,很显然这就是由情态动词may引导的疑问句。那么我们就要把may放在句子的最前面,后面紧接的就是这句话的主语(主语往往是人或者物)。很快我们就能写出这句话的前半部分“May I& have …”很显然,还剩下的几个单词可以构成一个词组“a new bike”,那么将整句话连起来就是“May I have a new bike ?”(我可以拥有一个新的自行车吗?)。同样其他的句子,例如:由can 、would、shall等情态动词引导的句子也是这样的方法可以完成。③如果题目中没有任何的特殊疑问词,也没有任何情态动词,那么它就是我们最最熟悉的一般疑问句了。例如:“you& a& are student(?)”。很显然是一个疑问句,而且没有任何特殊疑问词。所以这是一句一般疑问句,一般疑问句的基本准则就是疑问词是be动词(am /is/are),而且要把它们放在句子的最前面。通过观察我们看到题目中有一个be动词(are),所以这句话就很容易连到“Are you a student ?”(你是一个学生吗?)。这样的题目还可以先将它当作一般陈述句来做,然后再由陈述句改成一般疑问句。例如“you& a& are student(?)”这题还可以先将它写成一般陈述句的形式“You are a student.”。然后将它写成一般疑问句,即是将这句话的主语和谓语(be动词)对调,得到“Are you a student?”,这样这句话也就完成了。3.如果是感叹号,则是感叹语句。①由what引导的感叹句。我们知道有what引导的感叹句,其基本结构是What + a + adj. + n.。例如:“What a nice book !”(多漂亮的一本书啊!)② 由how引导的感叹句。与what引导的感叹句相似,how引导的感叹句的结构是“How + adj.( +n. /名词短语 + be动词 )!”。
二、注意特殊句型还有一些连词成句的题目看上去似乎是无规律可循。有这样一个题目:“to&& time& to&& go&& it’s& school (.)” 这样的题目就要求学生对有些句型的熟练掌握。这条题目考的是学生对句型“it’s& time to do sth.” 的运用和词组“go to school(去上学)”,这是一条交际运用题。很显然,这条题目的答案应该是:“It’s& time to go to shool.”(该到上学的时候了。)还有一类句型叫做祈使句。这样的句型往往没有主语。例如:“Go to the playground& ,please.”(请去操场。)这样的句子就省略了主语,完整的应该是“我请你去操场。”所以这样的句型也是学生所需要掌握。有这样一条题目,“breakfast , have& Mike(。)”。很显然这是一句祈使句。拿到这条题目时,如果对句子的意思不明白也许就无法下手。但是如果明白是“让迈克吃早饭。”这条题目也就很好做了,这是一条省略句,所以很快就能得到答案:“Have breakfast,Mike.”。有很多像这样的题目,没有明确的主语、谓语等。这就需要学生对所要完成题目的句子意思的了解,对一些固定结构的掌握。三、注意句子是否完整往往学生在做完一条题目以后,经常会出现句子还没有写完整,单词抄写错的现象。在做这样的题目时容易出现漏字、错字的毛病。这就需要我们在平时的训练中养成认真仔细的习惯。在做题目时加强对“难题”的训练,在“找错误”中增强细心意识。&&& 四、注意字母的大小写在英语中经常需要大写的有:每句话的开头字母、人名、专有名词等。例如:“thank you,liutao.”这句话中有三个字母没有大写,应该将它改成:“Thank you,Liu Tao.”这样这句话也就很明白了。与中文不同,在英文中字母的大小写有时也就决定了一句话的意义。Doctor 和doctor就是因为一字之差其意思也就大大不同,前者是博士而后者则是医生。所以在平时,应该注意这类题型的解答。形容词:简称adj.或a,形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏与否,形容词在句中作定语,表语,宾语补足语。她是一个好学生,她学习努力。She is a good student, and she works hard.这辆自行车很贵。This bike is expensive.对不起,我现在很忙。I am sorry, I'm busy now.你为这次会议做好准备了吗? Have you got everything ready for the meeting?形容词的语法功能:一、作定语He is the greatest writer alive.他是依然健在的伟大的作家。Somewone else has done it.别人已经做了这事。二、作补语形容词做主语补足语和宾语补足语时,可以表示其现状、状态,也可以表示某一动作的结果,并常用在表示“认为,看待”的动词如believe,prove,consider等候。例如:The news made her sad.这消息使他感到非常悲伤。Don't marry young.不要早婚。三、作状语形容词或形容词短语可作状语,形容词作状语时,可以看作是“being+形容词”结构的省略,可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、强调或伴随状况等意义。例如:Enthusiastic,they are co-operative.热心的时候他们是很合作的。Rich or poor, young or old, we all have problems.不管是穷人还是富人,不管是年轻人还是老人,我们都有问题。四、做表语The ship was adrift on unknown seas.那艘船在陌生的海域漂流。五、做主语Old and young joined the discussion.Rich or poor meant the same to him.作感叹语Very good!Say it again.Stupid!He must be crasy.形容词的几个特殊用法:most 同形容词连用而不用 the, 表示 " 极,很,非常, 十分"。 It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 I cannot do it, it's most difficult. 我干不了这件事,太难了。 "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..." 表示 " 越... 就越..."。 The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。 The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。 The more, the better. 越多越好。 " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。 It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了. It's pity he is getting poorer and poorer. 真可怜他越来越穷了。 The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。 The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。 This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。&I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。 the + 形容词 表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。 I like to have a talk with the young. 我喜欢同年轻人谈话。 The rich sometimes complain their empty life. 富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活。 The police led the old man across the street. 警察领老人横过马路。
以-ly结尾的形容词1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,brotherly,仍为形容词。改错:(错) She sang lovely.  &&&&&&&&&& (错) He spoke to me very friendly.   (对) Her singing was lovely.  (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2)有些以-ly 结尾的词既为形容词,也为副词。daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,earlyThe Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.
too+adj.+to句型&& “太…而不能”& He is too young to go to school.&=He isn’t old enough to go to school.&=He is so young that he can’t go to school.形容词的位置:1.形容词一般放在名词前作定语?&& 单个形容词修饰名词时,一般要放在名词的前面。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。例如:?&& a red flower一朵红花?an interesting story一个有趣的故事?&& six blind men 六个盲人?my own house我自己的房子?如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定,越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面,音节多的形容词放在后面。&& 2.当形容词所修饰的词是由some,any,every,no等构成的不定代词时,形容词必须置于名词之后。例如:?&& &&& She has something new to tell me.?她有一些新的情况告诉我。?&& &&& I have nothing important to do today.?今天我没有重要的工作要做。?&& &&& Do you know anybody else here??这儿你还有认识的人吗??&& 3.形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时,形容词必须置于名词之后。例如:?&& &&& It is a problem difficult to work out.?这是一道难以解决的问题。?&& &&& Edison is a student difficult to teach.?爱迪生是个很难教的学生。?&& &&& This is a kind of flowers easy to grow.?这是一种易栽的花。?&& 4.用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。例如:?&& &&& All people,young or old,should be strict with themselves.?&& &&& 所有的人,无论老少,都应该严格要求自己。?&& &&& We are building a new school, modern and super.?&& &&& 我们正在建一所现代化的高档次的新型学校。?&& &&& All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. 所有的国家,无论穷富都应该互相帮助。?&& 5.有少数形容词,如enough和possible,既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修饰的名词之后。例如:?&&& Do you have enough time(time enough)to prepare?你有足够的时间做准备吗??&&& Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或许它将成为一次可能的机遇。6.有些形容词,置于名词之前与之后,含义不尽相同。例如:?&& the writer present 出席的作者?&& the present writer 现在的作者?7.表示长,宽,高,深,及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。This river is about 100 metres wide.The building is more than 50 metres tall.&He is less than 40 years old.8. enough修饰名词时,在名词前后都可以。They said that they had enough food.=&They said that they had food enough.&enough 修饰形容词和副词,位于其后。&He is old enough to join the army.&He isn’t old enough to go to school.9.形容词else通常放在疑问代词,疑问副词或不定代词后&what/who/where/when/when else&something/anything/nothing…else&What else did you do?&Do you have anything else to say?10.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。This is the book easy to read.这是一本容易读的书。形容词知识拓展:名词化的形容词:有些形容词可以和定冠词连用,表示一类人或事物,这时,它相当于一个名词,可作主语或宾语;表示一类人时,看作复数,表示一类事物时,通常看作单数。Robin Hooh(罗宾汉) hated the rich and loved the poor.The old are taken good& care of in American.the+形容词,常见的短语有:the old/the young/the sick/the white/the black/the rich/the poor/the dead(死者)形似副词的形容词:以-ly结尾的词通常是副词,但是下列词为形容词。friendly& lonely (孤独的) ;lively (活着的);lovely(可爱的)复合形容词的类型:(1)名词+过去分词& man-made satellite 人造卫星(2)形容词+现在分词& a good-looking man(3)形容词+名词& second-hand cars(4)数词+名词-ed&& three-legged chairs三条腿的椅子(5)数词+名词& 400- metre race(6)副词+现在分词& hard-working students(7)副词+过去分词& well-known writers(8)形容词+形容词& a dark-red jacket(9)形容词+过去分词& ready-made clothes 成品服装含有形容词的常用句型:(1) It’s+adj. of sb. to do sth.(good/ kind/nice/polite/clever/foolish… )It’s very kind of you to help me.(2) It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.(difficult/easy/hard/dangerous/usefulinteresting/important…)It’s important for us to learn English well.(3)下列形容词后常跟动词不定式&表示情感或情绪的形容词:glad,pleased,sorry,sad,afraid,thankful…&I'm glad to see you.表示能力,意志或推测的形容词:ready,able,sure,certain…&I’m sorry to hear that.某些现在分词和过去分词可作形容词the moving story 令人感动的故事a moved boy&& 一个被感动的男孩a frightened child 一个被吓到的孩子a frightening film 一个恐怖电影一般疑问句:是疑问句的一种。通常用yes,no来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。口语中若无特殊含义,句末用升调。 其结构是:系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分?  通常回答为:    肯定:Yes+主语+提问的助动词    否定:No+主语+提问的助动词+not&例如: Are you from Japan?&& Yes, I am./No, I'm not. Do you live near your school? Yes, I do./No, I don't.&Can you speak French?  Yes, I can./No, I can't. 一般疑问句的特性:1.将陈述句变为一般疑问句时,如句中有be 动词(am/ is/ are)时,可直接将它们提至主语前。如主语为第一人称,应将其改为第二人称。如:I'm in Class 2Grade 1. →Are you in Class 2Grade 1﹖We're watching TV. →Are you watching TV﹖2.陈述句中有情态动词(can、may、must …)时,也可直接将它们提至主语前,即可成为一般疑问句。如:He can swim now. →Can he swim now﹖The children may come with us. → May the children come with us﹖3.陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时,变为一般疑问句时要在句首加do或does主语后的实义动词用原形。如:I like these animals. →Do you like these animals﹖She wants to go to the movies. → Does she want to go to the movies﹖4.一般疑问句一般读升调(↑)5.一般疑问句有时不用yes或 no 回答。如:Are they in town now﹖I think so.May I sit here﹖Certainly.Does he like soccer﹖Sorry I don't know.6. 一般疑问句的第一单词总是虚词,读的时候要读轻声。陈述句变为一般疑问句技巧:根据一般疑问句不同的家族,可以用不同的方法将陈述句变为相应的一般疑问句。1、第一家族:含be动词或情态动词的句子秘诀:一调二改三问号一调:即把句中的be或情态动词调到主语前;二改:改换主语称谓,即将句中的主语I\my \mines\we\our\ours等。第一人称分别改为相应的第二人称you\your\ yours等;三问号:句末的句号改为问号。如:Eg. I am an English teacher.&&& →&&& Are you an English teacher?Eg. We can speak English fluently.&& →&&& Can you speak English fluently?2、第二家族:含行为动词(或称为实义动词)的句子秘诀:一加二改三问号一加:即在句首加助动词Do或Does;二改:1、把谓语动词改为原形;2、改换主语称谓(同第一家组);三问号:句末的句号改为问号。Eg. We read English every morning. → Do you read English every morning?Eg. Tom’s father listens to English on the radio every evening. →Does Tom’s father listen to English on the radio every evening?特别注意:对于第二家族一定要注意动词的还原,因为时态与数的变化已经体现在助动词上了。3、加强记忆口诀:肯变一,并不难,can 或be提在前;谓语若为行为动,do 或does句首用。特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:what、who、whose、which、when、where、how、why等。 特殊疑问句的基本结构是“疑问词+一般疑问句”。其回答应当是具体的。特殊疑问句句末一般用降调。&例如:How do I get there?&&&&&&&&&&&&&Why not?&&&&&&&&&&&&&What about the sports news? 常用疑问词可先分为3种:疑问代词:what(什么)who(谁,作主语)which(哪个,在一定范围内选择)whose(谁的,指附属关系)whom(谁,作宾语)疑问副词:when(何时,询问时间)where(何地,询问地点)why(为什么,询问原因)how(如何,询问手段,方式,工具以及程度)疑问形容词:what(which,whose)+名词例词:what time(什么时候) what colour(什么颜色)... ...how much(多少) how long(多长)... 特殊疑问句的特点:一、 特殊的疑问词: 特殊疑问句要由疑问代词或疑问副词开头,询问的内容不同, 使用的疑问词也不同。我们学过的疑问词有what(询问事物), how much(询问价格), what time (询问时间,尤其是点钟), what kind of(询问种类), why(询问原因),who(询问人), where(询问地点) 等等。如: —What is this? 这是什么? —It's a key. 这是一把钥匙。 —How much is it? 这个多少钱? —It's twenty dollars. 二十美元。 —What kind of movies do you like? 你喜欢哪一类型的电影? —I like action movies. 我喜欢动作片。 二、特殊的语序:特殊疑问句由疑问词开头,其构成是“疑问词 + 一般疑问句”。如: What time is it? 现在几点钟? Who is your teacher? 谁是你的老师?特殊疑问句有两种语序:1.如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述句的语序:Who is singing in the room﹖whose bike is broken﹖2.如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语)What does she like?What class are you in﹖Where are you from﹖What time does he get up every morning﹖How do you know﹖&三、特殊的答语:特殊疑问句不能用yes, no来回答,而应根据它所询问的内容直接做出回答才行。如: — What time is it, please? 请问几点了? — It's 7:30. 七点半了。 — Where are they? 他们在哪儿? —They're in the playground. 他们在操场上。 —What's your favorite subject? 你最喜爱的科目是什么? —English. 英语。 四、 特殊的语调: 一般情况下,特殊疑问句要用降调(↘)来读。如: Who's ↘that? How old is↘Jack?
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