碞穨狝叭???溃?籔ōみ胺眃ぇ贝癚
碞穨狝叭???溃?籔ōみ胺眃ぇ贝癚
裹て畍絛?厩確胺吭坝?╯┮?╯ネ
裹て畍絛?厩確胺吭坝?╯┮ 捌毙甭
セ?╯Ξ?贝癚碞狝????溃?籔ōみ胺眃?谋ぇ丁?闽玒???瓣そ╬ミ碞穨狝叭虫?眖ㄆ狝叭ōみ毁锚????碞穨狝叭???╯癸禜?蹦だ糷繦诀┾妓?よΑ癸妓セ碞狝??秖??琁代??戳罙秆ぃ?璉春跑兜毙畍癸??溃?籔ōみ胺眃?畉钵薄??秈?˙贝癚碞狝???溃?籔ōみ胺眃ぇ?闽薄????溃?だ???悔溃??????產畑キ颗?????祇甶?????壕ㄆ?????璽颤?单き????ōみ胺眃玥だ??ネ瞶??????ネ瞶??à︹?????ō砰痥礹?????胺眃??????猵????穦??????薄狐拜肈à︹?????み瞶胺眃?单??????盚?312?拜???Μ271?拜???Μ瞯86.8%?羆璸Τ?拜??257???ノ瞯82.3%?
闽龄迭?ōみ毁锚?碞穨狝叭????溃??ōみ胺眃
???╯璉春籔笆诀
篒?チ瓣????┏ゎ烩Τōみ毁锚も??璸Τ104窾585??ㄤい18~65烦璸Τ59窾7090??ず現场参璸矪?2008??ㄌ沮︽現皘骋〆穦??せ??る秸琩挡狦?15烦???碞穨?ōみ毁锚??Τ588,647??碞穨瞯度笷?Θ?22.8%?????チ瓣??せ??き烦??瓣チキА骋笆把籔瞯?58.3?(︽現皘?璸矪?2007)?ōみ毁锚??骋笆把籔瞯玱?Τ22.8??ㄢ?ぇ丁?畉禯蔼笷35.5??陪ボōみ毁锚??骋笆把籔瞯?陪耕??瓣チ???
?и瓣舅猭い???ōみ毁锚??ず?–?????舦琌??玂毁??硂ㄏōみ毁锚???癸毁锚┮盿ㄓ?珼驹??ご?玂毁ㄤネ?籔??????舦????ぃ?琌Τ厨筍?碞穨???????ヘ?ぃ度琌莉??窥?癸???Θ??続莱の癸?穦?祇甶?秈˙τē???璉?沫旅窖??璶????疭?琌癸ōみ毁锚?τē???い??и粄???и碙???и基???穦????σよΑ单?????眔砆闽猔?タ?????ōみ毁锚?碞穨??璶┦?ぃ甧┛跌?朝???2004??
?ōみ毁锚?舦痲玂毁猭材?彻???兵い??璹??骋??恨诀闽莱ㄌōみ毁锚?ぇ惠―??︽┪挡?チ丁戈方?矗ㄑ礚毁锚??て戮穨??狝?ㄤい戮穨??狝叭??珹戮穨徊旧蝶秖?戮穨癡絤?碞穨狝叭?戮叭?砞璸?承穨徊旧のㄤ?戮穨??狝叭?τ???ōみ毁锚?秈?┪??碞穨カ初?盡穨??い?碞穨狝叭?ш簍獶盽?璶?à︹?
ㄌ沮ōみ毁锚?戮穨??狝叭盡穨??款ノの蚌癡非玥材?兵材?兜い???碞狝??妮?ōみ毁锚?碞穨狝叭盡穨??ぇ??ㄤ??ず甧?快瞶碞穨狝叭璸礶览﹚?碞穨吭坝?碞穨诀穦秨祇?崩ざ碞穨?發萝徊旧?戮叭?砞璸の碞穨や?单ㄆ兜????骋〆穦戮癡Ы?チ瓣??き??璹?ōみ毁锚??跋て碞穨狝叭璸礶い???皐癸?骸?き烦??Τ碞穨種腀ぇōみ毁锚??ㄌōみ毁锚???惠―?矗ㄑㄤ??て?盡穨て?碞穨狝叭????ōみ毁锚????戮初い?抖?碞穨?ㄤい?弧?碞狝????兜ヘ??珹???祇甶戮穨??狝叭璸礶????碞穨诀穦秨祇???吏挂だ猂???だ猂??????/??皌癸浪?????览璹??碞穨狝叭璸礶??き?ㄌ沮??瑈祘だ猂?戮叭だ猂矗ㄑ?珹戮叭?砞璸???吏挂続莱?ネ玻?痲ぇ矗どの?悔闽玒矪瞶单ぇ癡絤の徊旧狝叭??せ?發萝徊旧????Θ狦稪厨?
侯??瓃??眔?碞穨狝叭?惠?莱ōみ毁锚?ㄤōみ???猵???畉钵?倒ぉ盡穨??じ??????碞穨狝叭??琌ōみ毁锚?籔侗?┪??肪硄?恨笵?籔ōみ毁锚?戮初続莱??璶や?╰参?パ???碞穨狝叭????ず甧羉????à︹??妓┦?
碞狝?盽惠?羬ㄓ??????產??侗?籔?穦?璶―籔戳??硑Θ碞狝?伐??溃?籔璽颤????贝癚碞狝???溃??薄???セ?╯笆诀ぇ８?
︽現皘骋〆穦?1994?皐癸疭?刮砰┪疭?戮穨ぇ溃??╯挡狦祇瞷???溃?癸?臔?刮砰?薄狐硑Θ陪帝?紇臫?τ??溃?癸??盡毙畍┮玻ネ?紇臫Τ何痸拜肈??ψ荒礹?????τㄤ┮咯眞?痚痜??籔骋仓?
璉春跑兜碞候眎单ōみ?猵Τ盞ち?闽????贝癚碞狝?ōみ胺眃薄?の??溃?癸ōみ胺眃?紇臫??セ?╯笆诀ぇ??
???╯ヘ?
& (?) 罙秆碞狝????溃?籔ōみ胺眃ぇ瞷猵?
&???贝癚ぃ?狝?ぇ??溃?籔ōみ胺眃ぇ畉钵薄??
&???贝癚碞狝???溃?籔ōみ胺眃ぇ?闽薄??
禠?ゅ膍贝癚
??ōみ毁锚?碞穨狝叭????溃?
溃??stress?程Ν?阀├琌ㄓ???瞶?厩㎝?祘诀瘪厩?玒?盢?だ??秖ノ??砰┪╰参??ㄏㄤпΡ跑??τ?溃???迭琌?瞶厩?ネ?厩?み瞶厩??穦厩?洛厩单烩办い??璶阀├??竒盽?瞷?肚冀碈砰籔????ē酵い?
τ?み瞶厩の??続莱よ??程?パ??ネ瞶厩產Cannon?1920???╯笆?の?摸癸?谋??诀?は莱?ㄤ?╯挡狦祇瞷讽?癸?繧???砰??竒籔涪砰穦砆縀祇癬ㄓ?ㄏΤ诀砰非称?暗ň矫?は阑┮?????┪発瞒?????よは莱?Cannon 嘿?溃?は莱??驹┪発は莱??fight-or-flight
syndrome??溃?芠├?τ?パ溃?ぇ?Selye盢溃?ま??穦?厩烩办??贝癚??粄??溃??碞琌?ō砰癸ヴ?璶―э跑?惠―┮玻ネ?獶疭﹚は莱?(??く?狶睶??纃???1997)?
??溃??work stress??迭琌パ?溃???阀├璴ネτㄓ?玒?籔??Τ闽??┮ま癬?溃??τ?產厩?癸??溃??﹚竡???ㄤ?╯ヘ?┪癸禜?ぃ???Τㄤぃ???猭?Cooper 籔 Marshall?1976?粄???溃?琌籔疭???Τ闽???Τ闽?璽?吏挂??の溃?方????禬筁璽颤?à︹侥??家絢のぃ▆??吏挂单?Beehr ㎝ Newman?1978?粄???溃?琌籔??Τ闽???㎝??疭借ユが?ノぇ??э跑??み瞶籔ネ瞶タ盽?篈??贺薄挂?Parker 籔 Decotiis?1983?粄???溃?琌磞瓃?砰???初┮い綝笿?ㄇ籔?璶??挡狦Τ闽ぇ诀穦???の惠―??ㄏ?砰み瞶ア?キ颗?┮玻ネ籔?и戳辨ぃ才?稰谋?Jerrold S. Greenberg ?1995?粄???溃?琌?贺????溃??τ?琌祇ネ???ō??ヴ?????????????常Τ??┯?琘贺祘??溃??τ??溃?ㄣΤ狡馒?疭┦?
侯?瓣ず?厩?癸??溃??﹚竡??祇瞷Τ?帝????薄挂癸?砰?紇臫?Τ?玥猔???疭﹚┪?????Τ?皐癸溃?方?Τ?玥琌熬?溃?は莱よ??
〆穦戮癡Ы?チ瓣??き??璹?ōみ毁锚??跋て碞穨狝叭璸礶い???碞狝??狝叭?秖??珹???–?碞狝?–??ぶ莱狝叭30??ㄤいや?┦碞穨狝叭15??Θ?碞穨4?6??Θ?碞穨?莱?铆﹚碞穨笷??る??發萝徊旧??る????矗ㄑ竤舱狝叭家Α??–?碞狝????丁ず莱?ぶ狝叭7?惠?戳や?ぇōみ毁锚??戮初???ㄤい–??ぶ莱Τ70?铆﹚碞穨せ?る??????や?┦碞穨狝叭?玒?矗ㄑ?ぶ?秅???るぇ盞栋徊旧????碞穨Θ??玒?崩ざōみ毁锚??戮初碞穨?才??闽骋笆猭砏砏﹚?–秅?ぶ??20???
???朝繰??2002???碞狝??戮穨???筁祘い??跋て碞穨狝叭家Α瑈祘い?碞狝?ゲ斗秈︽?秖秨祇?籔ōみ毁锚?编酵?罙秆ōみ毁锚????笆诀籔????瞷猵?秨祇碞穨诀穦??ōみ毁锚?秈︽祏戳??癡絤?碈?籔崩ざ碞穨?级糶???魁籔厨?单???朝繰??2002?粄?碞狝???惠璶???璽?碭???à︹籔????????恨瞶?????戮穨蝶秖???????祇甶???????癡絤???き?み瞶徊旧???せ?發萝徊旧??
&& &碞狝????ず甧籔??戮砫羉馒??の???侗?┪產妮?笿ヴ?拜肈?碞狝?惠??倒ぉ??籔秆∕拜肈?パ???ㄤ??ヴ叭?ㄣΤ蔼??诀笆┦?ぃ??丁籔?办??????ヴ叭約獂?惠紆┦?莱砛?案祇ㄆン?の碞狝?盽惠?羬ㄓ??????產??侗?籔?穦?璶―籔戳??パ玡瓃??秆?碞狝????溃??ぃ玗????セō?ㄤ????舱麓籔????单?常Τ???钡┪丁钡Θ?碞狝????溃??
????溃?籔ōみ胺眃??闽?╯
& ????ōみ胺眃
&&&& ?沮??矫ネ舱麓?World Health
Organization, WHO??1948?&&&&&& ﹚竡胺眃?health????胺眃?琌ō砰??弘??の?穦?程ㄎ?続?篈??の▆??続莱??τぃ度度琌⊿Τ痚痜┪摧毁祇ネτ???┮?ōみ胺眃琌?ō砰?み瞶の?穦?よ?矪??贺Ч??続??篈?
Downie单??1996?耎甶WHO?胺眃﹚竡?矗??穝?胺眃家Α?胺眃?だ??伐㎝縩伐?胺眃?縩伐?胺眃ゲ斗???痷龟┋褐?㎝?ō眏砰胺???秸俱縩伐㎝?伐胺眃い?ぃキ颗?┮孔?痷龟┋褐?琌は莱??ㄉΤ??ネ??筁祘???局Τ狟ね?ㄣ??┦??祇揣???癸ネ?Τ北?稰单??ō眏砰胺?琌?胺眃ō砰?妮┦??珹???S?????strength??瑻??stamina??琗硁??suppleness??м??skills??村??亩?2002??
Herberts 籔Eriksson?1995?粄?胺眃?眖?よ?ㄓ?甧?胺眃?︽??玒?胺眃?ネ?よΑ?胺眃?み瞶?玒?ずみ?キ颗?胺眃??Θ?玒?ネ㏑???蔼??俱???David?Michael 籔
Frank?1997????胺眃琌?弘??(spiritual)??穦??social??ネ瞶??physical??薄狐??emotional??醇???intellectual??戮穨??occupation?籔吏挂??environmental?单?贺?続Θだい?ぃ耞??蝴?キ颗??篈?
&&& ?沮?瓃癸胺眃瞇竡?弧?????蝶基??胺眃薄?籔磅︽玃秈胺眃︽???ぃ虫?琌猔?ㄤネ瞶糷???惠猔?み瞶糷???ユ呼隔籔?穦吏挂?糷?ぇ丁?闽玒?
&& ??????溃?籔ōみ胺眃
Beehr籔Newman?1978?盢??溃?癸????狦だΘ?摸??1?ネ瞶よ??溃?旧璓み铬?е?﹀溃?ど??穦旧璓繷礹?ア痸??てぃ▆单ネ瞶痝???2?み瞶よ????骸種???碞琌??溃?癸???陪?み瞶紇臫?ㄤ??み瞶紇臫?珹候眎?礘納????紐苳?弘?礚猭栋い单痝???3?︽?よ????溃?穦旧璓ネ玻????胢戮?瞒戮?罿??????癸舱麓の?ㄆ?闽み单︽???э跑?Cooper籔Marshall?1978?玥盢??溃???狦?だΘ??糷?㎝舱麓糷???糷?暗贝癚????糷??み瞶?穦玻ネ忌募???ぃ骸ì???碙单?ネ瞶??玥穦?瞷繷礹?璆礹?蔼﹀溃单痝???舱麓糷??玥穦旧璓???瞒戮瞯の?对瞯?ど???玻秖の珇借????悔闽玒跑畉单?
&&&&&& τ?沮Robbins?1996?矗?溃?ぇ家Α??粄?溃?穦紇臫ネ瞶痝??み瞶痝?籔︽?痝??ㄤいネ瞶痝???繷礹?蔼﹀溃?み纽痜;み瞶痝???礘納??↖???骸ì???︽?痝???ネ玻??胢戮?瞒戮单?&&&&&& Bhatt?1997?のKaur 籔Chadha?1988???╯????????溃?穦癸??щ?玻ネ璽?ぇ紇臫???щ?琌紇臫?砰笆诀籔︽???璶???τ腀種щ?????笆诀穦紇臫ㄤ琌?穦縩伐?瞷??戮砫ぇ??︽??朝琄??2007??
把??╯よ猭
???╯癸禜
&&&&& セ?╯玒??瓣そ╬ミ碞穨狝叭虫?眖ㄆ狝叭ōみ毁锚????碞穨狝叭???╯癸禜?ㄤ?珹そ╬ミ场?ōみ毁锚碞穨狝叭??︽現皘骋〆穦〆癠盡砫虫???郡カ現┎〆癠盡?ぇチ丁诀篶の厩?虫?ぇōみ毁锚厩ネ戮穨徊旧??
???╯?ㄣ
(?)箇刚拜?絪籹籔ず甧
&&& セ?╯?ㄣ览﹚?絑??窗叫?旧毙甭崩滤??盡產厩?籔ㄢ?龟叭???挤ぞ?旧糵琩ず甧?笲ノ盡產??ㄓ?篶拜?ぇず甧???拜??璶ず甧????场だ?材?场だ????溃?秖???Ξ?秸琩ōみ毁锚碞穨狝叭?ぇ??溃?瞷猵;材?场だ??ōみ胺眃?谋秖???Ξ?秸琩ōみ毁锚碞穨狝叭?ぇōみ胺眃ぇ瞷猵; 材?场?????膀セ戈???
&&& セ?╯??溃?秖??玒э絪嘲?单?ㄌ沮Cooper?1988?┮矗??戮穨溃??夹家Αぇ瞶阶琜篶??1995??璹いゅて?戮穨溃??夹?Occupational Stress Indicator?OSI???の嘲??1996?蹦ノ?秖?舱?ㄌ??Θだ┾?弘虏て??セ?OSI-2?い???溃?稰?秖??璸だよΑ蹦ノLikertせ翴璸だ猭璸だ?だ??獶盽才????才????Τ翴才????Τ翴ぃ才????ぃ才????獶盽ぃ才???だ?倒ぉ6?5?4?3?2?1だ?だ计稶蔼??ボ??溃?稰?稶眏?
&&& セ?╯ōみ胺眃秖?玒?沮竒Dr. John
Ware 甭舦?┌?厩洛叭恨瞶╰縞风?痴??┮陆亩?芖?SF-36?Short Form-36?拜??代秖?ㄣ??秖??36肈?だ?ㄢ?胺眃糷?の??胺眃?????ㄤず甧??
(?)?ネ瞶胺眃糷????ō砰ネ瞶???physical
functioning, PF???ネ瞶??à︹???role limitation due to
physical problems, RP??ō砰痥礹?bodily pain, BP????胺眃?general health, GH???胺眃?????(?)?み瞶胺眃糷???????vitality, VT???穦???social function, SF???薄狐à︹???role limitation
due to emotional problems, RP??み瞶胺眃?mental health, MH???胺眃??????秖?ぇ???肈ヘ籔篶?丁?闽眏????.40?跨???σ喷?Θ?瞯?100%?肈ヘぇ挪???Θ?瞯????猵?vitality, VT??93.7%?み瞶胺眃?mental health, MH??92.5%??穦???social functioning, SF??75%?ㄤ?篶?玥笷100%?ず??璓┦獺??Cronbachˇs ?埃?穦???.65?ㄤ緇?笷.70?
(?)箇刚拜?龟琁筁祘
&& セ?╯蹦だ糷繦诀?妓よΑ??盚癳秖?玡??筿杠羛么紉―?刚?ぇ?種???秎盚よΑ秈︽秸琩??璸祇?67?拜???Μ65?拜??Ι埃礚?拜???Τ63?Τ?拜??
2.箇刚拜?ぇだ猂
&&& 盢Τ?拜?秈︽戈?矪瞶?莱ノ?穦?厩参璸祘ΑSPSS 12.0甅杆硁砰?―眔箇刚拜?ぇ兜ヘだ猂???だ猂の獺?だ猂??蝶︳拜??続ち┦?
3.???溃?秖??兜ヘだ猂
&&& 箇刚秖?ЧΘ絪籹???紉高?╯癸禜ぇ?種?秈︽箇刚?????兜ヘだ猂秈︽縒ミ妓セt浪﹚のず场?璓┦?玒计ㄓ颗秖ㄤ秖?ぇ獺???縒ミ妓セt浪﹚い??盢秖?羆眔だ玡27%籔?27%?蔼?だ舱ぇ畉钵秈︽ゑ耕?ゑ耕挡狦?畉钵??∕耞?(critical ratio?虏嘿CR?)????拜?肈兜?彼?ㄌ沮?τ∕耞?σ喷ゼ笷陪帝?肈兜(陪帝┦σ喷诀瞯p???.05)程?籔??埃?竒ゑ耕???3- 1 陪ボ?Τせ笵肈兜CR?&1.96ゼ笷陪帝?非?ㄤ?肈兜?CR??2.19~7.57丁?笷参璸?陪帝?非(p&.05)?竒兜ヘだ猂?挡狦???溃?秖?材1?7?11?30?31籔41肈ゼ笷陪帝?非?珿ぉ??埃?
?3-1& ???溃?秖??兜ヘだ猂篕璶
∕耞?(CR)
肈兜?埃????
02.иゲ斗竒盽盢??盿?產暗?
06.и?產ご本├???
12.иゲ斗??丁????
13.ヘ玡???ヴ叭㎝???璶―盽Τ侥??
17??紇臫?и籔產??闽玒?
25.??紇臫и?╬?ネ?の?ユネ??
Cronbachˇs ??
04.???烩旧ぃ讽┪や?ぃì?
05.??虫?い??吭高㎝肪硄?诀??
08.癡絤ぃì┪恨瞶ぃ続讽?
14.и谋眔?恨穞?柑Τ畉??笿の熬稲?
15.и竒盽???い稰谋??﹖ミ┪逼澜?
16.и谋眔?????躬纘?
18.и谋眔ぃ??跌?
20.?ㄆ丁癸и????瞷⊿Τ続讽??鮔?
Cronbachˇs ??
??產畑キ颗
11.產?癸и???のネ睵砏购ぃぉや??
24.и???????薄狐や??
28.и埃???ぇ????龟借??や??
30.產?ョ發―???ネ睵祇甶?┘?礚猭倒ぉや??
37.產畑ネ?い??铆﹚┪??稰?
38.и穦碾?產畑ネ??發―ㄆ穨?
Cronbachˇs ??
01.и惠璶恨瞶???
21.иゲ斗竒盽?畉?
22.и穦砆讽?琌?恨?
40.иゲ斗璶絔琩??珇借?
41.иゲ斗璶磝北??秈??
Cronbachˇs ??
19.иゲ斗玙?繧??珹?????繧?の∕
郸???繧??
31.и斗璶莱?狼琋ぃ?┪稬М?薄挂?
34.иゲ斗暗?璶?∕郸?
35. и盽踞み?и?∕﹚穦硑Θぃ???狦??
42.и盽砆璶―璽砫肂?????
Cronbachˇs ??
07.и???い惠璶厩策ㄤ?穝?м砃?芠├┪穝?珼驹?斗ぃ耞秈?┪?策?
09.и斗璶竒盽?畊穦某?
10.???い???秆∕拜肈?恨笵┪戈方?
27.и竒盽砆璶―暗セだ???ㄆ薄?
43.ぃ﹚戳?痁话???иみ?ユ痟?
44.и盽砆璶―暗皌?ㄤ?虫?????
Cronbachˇs ??
03.и谋眔?どぃì--???ノ?
23.и谋眔ヘ玡???ど綞诀穦ぃ?絋?
32. и谋眔??ヴ?肩??ネ睵祇甶?诀穦?
36.и谋眔??祇甶?诀穦Τ??
45.и谋眔?恨や?????瞷ぃì?
46.и谋眔虫??恨ぃ睲贰妮??戮砫?
Cronbachˇs ??
26.и盽砆璶―э跑??よΑ?
29.???Τ砛?獶??┮?北?????
33.и谋眔??虫????籔舱麓?猑ぃㄎ?
39.и谋眔??虫??舱麓挡篶ぃ胺??
47.и谋眔??罿?σ?ぃそ?
Cronbachˇs ??
羆秖????
(1)???溃?秖????σ喷
&& ?セ?╯??溃?秖?ぇKMO???.60??Bartlett瞴?浪﹚ョ笷陪帝(p&.001)???跑?丁Τ???????ㄤ挡狦??3-2?続?秈︽??だ猂?
?3- 2& ???溃?秖??KMO籔Bartlett瞴?浪﹚挡狦
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin?妓続ち┦
Bartlett瞴?浪﹚
&&& セ?╯盢箇刚妓セ蹦ノ程?跑钵猭(Varimax
method)秈︽?ユ锣禸?┾???璽颤秖?癸兜ヘだ猂?┮玂痙?肈兜秈︽??だ猂?挡狦材3?19?22?33籔40肈?赣??糷?┮瞇籠?肈兜ず甧びぶ?材15?39肈玥???璽颤秖び??τぉ??埃??盢???溃?跑兜???篶??秸俱?き?篶??だ?琌?悔溃????產畑キ颗???祇甶???壕ㄆ籔??璽颤单き?篶????3-3┮ボ?
?3-3&& ???溃?秖??箇刚ぇ??だ猂篕璶
??璽颤秖
肈ヘず甧篕璶
(?悔溃?)
???(??產畑キ颗)
???(??祇甶)
???(??壕ㄆ)
??き(??璽颤)
仓縩秆睦跑钵秖
???烩旧ぃ讽┪や?ぃì?
??虫?い??吭高㎝肪硄?诀??
и谋眔?恨穞?柑Τ畉??笿の熬稲
???い???秆∕拜肈?恨笵┪戈方
癡絤ぃì┪恨瞶ぃ続讽?
и谋眔?恨や?????瞷ぃì?
и谋眔虫??恨ぃ睲贰妮??戮砫
и谋眔?????躬纘?
и谋眔??罿?σ?ぃそ?
ヘ玡???ヴ叭㎝???璶―盽Τ侥?
и竒盽砆璶―暗セだ???ㄆ薄
?ㄆ丁癸и????瞷⊿Τ続讽??鮔
и盽砆璶―э跑??よΑ
и穦碾?產畑ネ??發―ㄆ穨
??紇臫?и籔產??闽玒
иゲ斗暗?璶?∕郸
產畑ネ?い??铆﹚┪??稰
и盽踞み?и?∕﹚穦硑Θぃ???狦
??紇臫и?╬?ネ?の?ユネ?
и谋眔??祇甶?诀穦Τ?
и谋眔??ヴ?肩??ネ睵祇甶?诀穦
и谋眔ヘ玡???ど綞诀穦ぃ?絋
???Τ砛?獶??┮?北????
и谋眔ぃ??跌
и埃???ぇ????龟借??や?
и???????薄狐や?
иゲ斗竒盽?畉
и斗璶竒盽?畊穦某
и盽砆璶―璽砫肂????
ぃ﹚戳?痁话???иみ?ユ痟
и盽砆璶―暗皌?ㄤ?虫????
иゲ斗竒盽盢??盿?產暗?
и?產ご本├??
иゲ斗??丁???
竩??╯挡狦籔挡阶
????璉春跑兜ぇ瞷猵
&&& セ?╯ㄌ?╯惠璶?盢碞穨狝叭????璉春跑兜跋だ?┦???闹?毙▅祘??狝叭?戈???虫??н緄?计单せ?场??秈︽磞瓃┦だ猂??盢冈灿ぇ参璸戈?だ瓃?????┮ボ?
(?) ? ┦?
&&& パ?眔???┦?计??╧┦?计??┦?计201??╧┦?计5??だ???78.2の21?
(?)? ?闹
&&& ?┮Τ??代?い??ㄤ挡狦き?烦???度Τㄢ??珿籔??烦????烦?ㄖ???烦???舱??τ?┮Τ?代?い???烦????烦?ず﹡??璸Τ106???┮Τ?代??41.2Ω???29烦????闹舱?羆璸Τ????代??计??????闹だ??薄猵?烦????代?い???瞷62???24.1?
(?)? 毙▅祘?
&&& ?毙▅祘?だ??薄猵??蔼い(戮)拨穨??计程ぶ?度????珿盢ㄤㄖ?盡???舱??τ?┮Τ?代?い??厩舱???计﹡???Τ206???80.2%?Ω???盡???舱???Τ34???13.2%?τ程ぶ???╯┮??舱??Τ17????代??计?6.6?
(?)? 狝叭?戈
&&& パ?眔??狝叭?戈?????﹡??Τ148??┮?ゑㄒ?57.6ㄤΩ?狝叭?戈琌ゼ骸????Τ42???16.3程ぶ?舱??狝叭?戈ㄢ???ゼ骸???璸Τ26????代??10.1?
(き)???虫?
&&& ???虫?だ??薄猵?狝叭?そ场??计?73??狝叭?╬场??计?184??だ???28.4の71.6?
(せ)?н緄?计
&&& ┮Τ??代?い??礚н緄???舱?﹡??璸Τ131???┮Τ?代??51Ω???н緄??计????舱??羆璸Τ100????代??计?38.9τн緄??计????舱???计?程ぶ??10.1%????н緄??计5???舱???计?箂?玥ぉ??埃?
?4-1 ??璉春跑兜疭┦参璸
??璉春跑兜
(1) 29 烦??
(2) 30~39烦
(3) 烦??
(1) 盡???
(3) ?╯┮??
(1) ゼ骸??
(2) ????ゼ骸ㄢ?
(3) ㄢ???ゼ骸??
(4) ????
(1) そ场?
(2) ╬场?
(3) 3???
??罙秆碞狝???溃?籔ōみ胺眃ぇ瞷猵
(?)???溃??瞷猵だ猂
&&& ?沮?4-2?戈?陪ボ?俱砰碞穨狝叭????溃?秖?キА计眔だ?3.34?眔だ祘?妮?い单?陪ボ?计碞穨狝叭?稰?い单祘????溃???俱砰?糷?キА计ざ?2.96~3.65ぇ丁?ㄌキА计パ蔼τ?逼??碞穨狝叭?┮稰????溃?????祇甶?程蔼?ㄤΩㄌ?????璽颤?????壕ㄆ????悔溃???τ????產畑キ颗??程??
?4-2 ??溃?瞷猵だ猂篕璶
??產畑キ颗
俱砰碞穨狝叭???溃?
(?)?璉春跑兜???溃??畉钵だ猂
&&& ??だ?碞┦???闹?毙▅祘??狝叭?戈???虫?籔н緄?计单せ兜璉春跑兜磞瓃碞穨狝叭????溃?ぇ闽玒?
&&& パ?4-3?戈?陪ボ???溃??篶?い???壕ㄆ籔??璽颤??璉春跑兜い?礚陪帝ぃ?????悔溃?よ????毙▅祘???璉春跑兜よ?Τ陪帝畉钵??ノㄆ?ゑ耕?祇瞷?毙▅祘??盡????碞穨狝叭???悔溃?篶?┮稰???溃?蔼?毙▅祘???厩?碞穨狝叭?????產畑キ颗よ????┦???璉春跑兜よ?Τ陪帝畉钵?╧┦碞穨狝叭????產畑キ颗篶?┮稰???溃?蔼??┦碞穨狝叭????????祇甶よ????┦???璉春跑兜よ?Τ陪帝畉钵?╧┦碞穨狝叭????祇甶篶?┮稰???溃?蔼??┦碞穨狝叭???の??毙▅祘???璉春跑兜よ?Τ陪帝畉钵??ノㄆ?ゑ耕?祇瞷?毙▅祘???╯┮?碞穨狝叭????祇甶篶?┮稰???溃?蔼?毙▅祘???厩?碞穨狝叭??
?4-3 ぃ?璉春跑兜???溃?跑兜キА计だ计?畉钵だ猂
??璉春跑兜
??產畑キ颗
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(2) 30~39烦
(3) 烦??
(1) 盡???
(3) ?╯┮??
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(1) ゼ骸??
(2) ????ゼ骸ㄢ?
(3) ㄢ???ゼ骸??
(4) ????
(1) そ场?
(2) ╬场?
(3) 3???
(?)璉春跑兜?ōみ胺眃?猵?畉钵だ猂
&&& ??だ?碞┦???闹?毙▅祘??狝叭?戈???虫?籔н緄?计单せ兜璉春跑兜磞瓃碞穨狝叭??ōみ胺眃?猵ぇ闽玒?
&&& パ?4-5?戈?陪ボ?ōみ胺眃?猵?篶?い??ネ瞶??à︹????穦??籔?薄狐拜肈à︹????璉春跑兜い?礚陪帝ぃ????ネ瞶??よ??????虫???璉春跑兜よ?Τ陪帝畉钵?ヴ戮?そ场?碞穨狝叭??ネ瞶??篶?┮稰???胺眃?猵纔?╬场?碞穨狝叭???????闹???毙▅祘??籔?н緄?计??璉春跑兜よ?Τ陪帝畉钵??ノㄆ?ゑ耕?祇瞷??闹????烦???碞穨狝叭??ネ瞶??篶?┮稰???胺眃?猵纔???????烦?碞穨狝叭???闹???????烦?碞穨狝叭??ネ瞶??篶?┮稰???胺眃?猵纔???烦???碞穨狝叭??τ碞穨狝叭?毙▅祘???厩籔?╯┮?舱?碞穨狝叭??ネ瞶??篶?┮稰???胺眃?猵纔?毙▅祘??盡????碞穨狝叭???の碞穨狝叭?產い礚季緄?计?籔產いΤ??ㄢ?н緄?计ぇ碞穨狝叭??ネ瞶??篶?┮稰???胺眃?猵纔?產いΤ????н緄?计ぇ碞穨狝叭??
&&& ?ō砰痥礹よ????毙▅祘???璉春跑兜よ?Τ陪帝畉钵?碞穨狝叭?毙▅祘??盡????碞穨狝叭??ネō砰痥礹篶?┮稰???胺眃?猵纔?毙▅祘???厩?碞穨狝叭??
&&& ????猵籔み瞶胺眃よ??╧┦碞穨狝叭?????猵篶?籔み瞶胺眃篶?┮稰???胺眃?猵纔??┦碞穨狝叭??
?4-5ぃ?璉春跑兜?ōみ胺眃?猵跑兜キА计だ计?畉钵だ猂
??璉春跑兜
?ネ瞶??à︹??
?薄狐拜肈à︹??
(1) 29 烦??
(2) 30~39烦
(3) 烦??
(1) 盡???
(3) ?╯┮??
(1) ゼ骸??
(2) ????ゼ骸ㄢ?
(3) ㄢ???ゼ骸??
(4) ????
(1) そ场?
(2) ╬场?
(3) 3???
??碞穨狝叭??溃?ぇ瞷猵
セ?╯祇瞷?碞穨狝叭?碞穨狝叭?┮稰????溃?????祇甶?程蔼?ㄤΩㄌ?????璽颤?????壕ㄆ????悔溃???τ????產畑キ颗??程??
????溃?籔ōみ胺眃?猵?璽?闽?
&&&& ??溃???悔溃????產畑キ颗???壕ㄆ籔??璽颤稰?祘?禫蔼?玥籔ōみ胺眃?ネ瞶????ネ瞶??à︹??????猵籔?薄狐拜肈à︹???稰?祘?禫?陪?
&&侯㎝?瓃ゅ膍籔?╯挡狦?眔????溃?埃?癸ōみ毁锚?碞穨狝叭???み瞶籔ネ瞶胺眃玻ネ紇臫???溃?稶?ōみ胺眃稶畉??紇臫???嘲??蔼睶??1999????骸種?辅?Siu, et. Al.1999???穦Θ?诀篶??戈方笲ノ籔俱??穦常硑Θ?讽祘???璽?紇臫?τ硂常穦紇臫???锚ōみ毁锚??碞穨ぇ隔???惠璶??秆ōみ毁锚?碞穨狝叭????溃?籔ōみ胺眃癸????紇臫?虑??秆ōみ毁锚?碞穨狝叭??戮初???猵籔惠―?戳辨?糤?ōみ毁锚?碞穨狝叭?癸?и??秆?厩策タ??Τ???莱郸菠?戳辨??秈?˙?腊?诀篶籔?穦?秆ōみ毁锚?碞穨狝叭??惠―籔拜肈?矗ㄑ秆∕よ??
ず現场参璸矪?2008??97?ōみ毁锚??计参璸????ず現场参璸矪?
︽現皘骋〆穦?2007??チ瓣96?ōみ毁锚?ぇ骋笆??猵秸琩????︽現皘骋〆穦?
??く?狶睶??纃???1997??み瞶矫ネ籔続莱???カ?み瞶?
朝琄??2007????溃????疭借籔??щ?癸牡诡???舱麓そチ︽?ぇ?╯?そ?︽現厩厨?25?27-93?
朝繰??2002??ōみ毁锚??跋て碞穨狝叭家Α??跋て碞穨狝叭??も??︽現皘骋?〆?穦戮穨癡絤Ы?
嘲??蔼睶??1999???恨??溃??壁竤畉钵???璉春???籔戮穨???い地み瞶矫ネ厩??12?23-66?
村??亩?2002??胺眃み瞶厩??10?
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