动名词(gerund)是一种非谓语动词形式顾名思义
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动名词(gerund)是一种非谓语动词形式顾名思义
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3秒自动关闭窗口不定式，动名词，分词？_百度知道
不定式，动名词，分词？
不定式，动名词，分词各什么时候用啊，比如说当出现什么时用什么，我不大懂，讲解一下
提问者采纳
1、不定式：用于即将发生的动作或者即将出现的状态；不定式可以充当定语（The test to take is going to be very difficult.）、主语（To work with him is a pleasure for me.）等。2、动名词：只能用于主语、宾语、表语、定语等，不能充当任何状语（如时状、地状）。例句：I want to take the sleeping berth. Sleeping is essential for everybody. I like jogging. 3、分词：现在分词表示正在发生的事情，过去分词表示已经发生或者被动的含义。 The sleeping baby looks lovely. / The guests invited are all the managers./ The windows cleaned are shiny.
提问者评价
可以互换。 一般不定式表示一次性动作，ing表示经常性动作。不过这里没有区别。
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其他1条回答
动词不定式就是我们常说的to do形式，其中的动词是以原形出现的，情态动词加动词原形就是因为情态动词要求接不带to的不定式，也就只剩动词原形了。分词包括过去分词和现在分词，拿fall为例，fallen为过去分词，falling为现在分词。fallen leaves表示落叶（在地上），falling leaves表示落叶（正在下落）。动名词的形式与现在分词是一样的，但是意义上稍有区别，例如：a sleeping bag，这里的sleeping是动名词，表示的是a bag for sleeping.a sleeping baby,这里的sleeping是现在分词，表示的是a baby who is sleeping动词不定式概述一 不定式的体1. 不定式的一般式(to do)表示不定式的.动作将要发生或与谓语动作同时发生.2 不定式的进行体(to be doing)表示不定式的动作正在发生.不定式的完成体(to have done)表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生.二 不定式的逻辑主语1 不定式的逻辑主语常不出现在句中.2 句子的主语,宾语有时是不定式的逻辑主语.3 不定式前&for+名词/代词&结构中的名词或代词也可以用来表示不定式的;逻辑主语.4 在&It+be+形容词+of+名词/代词+to do&结构中,名词或代词为不定式的逻辑主语.该结构中的形容词通常用来表示人的品质.例如:kind, good, nice, bad, cruel, honest, bold, thoughtful, right, wrong, wise, clever, silly, foolish, careless, rude等.例如:It's very kind of you to cal to tell me about the conference.三 不定式的否定式不定式否定式由not/never +to do构成四 不定式的句法功能1 不定式做主语1)To say so to do it is another.2)It is not a good idea to build houses along the lines where two of the earth's plates join together.注:充当主语的不定式即可置于句首,位于谓语动词之前,也可作为句子的真正主语置于句末,用作形式主语.2 不定式作表语3)Her uncle seems to be acting rather strangely towards her these days.4)The purpose of the fence is to keep out a type of wild dog called a &Dingo&.5)One suggested answer is for farmers to limit the number of their cattle.注:充当表语的不定式一般位于be ,seem等系动词后.3 不定式作宾语6)Shylock agreed to lend Antonio money on one condition.注:充当宾语的不定式位于及物动词后.常用不定式作宾语的动词有:agree, plan, determine, dare, refuse, hope, wish, expect, promise, choose, pretend, decide, manage, intend, offer, afford, demand.7)The dusty air makes it difficult to get a clear picture of space.注:充当宾语的不定式如果有自己的表语,则可用代替只个不定式作为形式宾语,而作为真正宾语的不定式则放在表语之后.以it作为形式宾语的这种结构常用在think, feel, find, make, consider等动词之后.big and strong.4 不定式作宾语补足语8)The powder made from fish, blood and bones will make the cabbage plants grow big and strong.9)Portia told Bassanio to go to his friend at once.注:在下列动词后作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to.这些动词是observe, notice, see, hear, watch, have, feel, make, let.但上述动词转换为被动语态时,其后的不定式须带to.例如:The cabbage plants will be made to grow
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出门在外也不愁初中非谓语动词-动名词及分词讲解及练习79
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初中非谓语动词-动名词及分词讲解及练习79
初中语法总结及练习；〔九〕非谓语动词-动名词及分词；动名词动名词同时具有____特性及____的特征；动名词的形式：否定式为_________doin；□动名词可充当：主语(Seeingisbelie；□动名词与不定式作直接宾语时在含义上的区别；①forgetdoing/todosth.②re；□动名词的常用句型①go+doingsth.去做；分词分为___
初中语法总结及练习〔九〕非谓语动词-动名词及分词动名词 动名词同时具有 ____ 特性及____的特征，它的动词特征是它可有宾语和状语；它的名词特征是它可做主语、宾语。动名词的形式：否定式为 _________ doing, 完成式为 ____________，被动式为
____________ /having been done□动名词可充当： 主语(Seeing is believing);※谓语动词必须用 ___ 数形式; 作表语(be+:注意比较His job is washing clothes/he is washing&现在分词& clothes)；作定语reading room ※动名词与所修饰的名词没有逻辑主谓关系，试比较missing&现在分词& bike);作补语I saw this robbing Peter to pay Paul.(我把这叫做拆了东墙补西墙); 作_______词、______ 词的宾语(如enjoy doing, look forward to doing)□动名词与不定式作直接宾语时在含义上的区别①forget doing/to do sth. ②remember doing/to do sth. ③stop doing sth.和stop to do sth. ④regret doing sth. 表示“后悔过去做过的某一件事情” regret to do sth.意思是“对正在做的，或者是还未做的事情表示后悔”。⑤want, need, require表示“需要”的意思时，后面常使用动名词或不定式的被动式。This car needs repairing. →This car needs____________ (repair).□动名词的常用句型
①go + doing sth. 去做……②be worth doing sth. ③can't help + doing sth. ④be used to + doing sth. ⑤It is no use(good)+doing sth. ⑥forgive sb. for doing sth./prevent sb. from doing sth.⑦ without + doing sth. 没有做……就……She kept sitting there without saying to anybody.她一直坐在那里，默不做声。⑧ no + doing...表示“禁止，不准”。No parking. 分词分为 _____ 分词和 _____ 分词两种形式。□现在分词与过去分词的比较①所表示的语态不同: 现在分词具有主动和进行的含义，常用于修饰______；而过去分词含有被动的意思，经常用于说明_____的情况。如：an exciting film/the excited people②所表示的时间不同：现在分词表示正在进行的动作、行为；而过去分词是说明 ________了的动作或行为。如：developing countries /developed countries③所表示的语义不同：多数现在分词可译为“使人怎样……”；用来说明事或物的性质；而过去分词的含义为“某人感到怎样……”，说明人的感觉。其它：moving/moved, amusing/amused, boring/bored, astonishing/astonished,discouraging/discouraged, disappointing/disappointed, frightening/frightened,inspiring/inspired, amazing/amazed④所用的修饰语不同: 现在分词之前常用表示程度的修饰语 ______，而过去分词之前常用much。The game is
very exciting. We’re ______ excited at the game. 现在分词有____词和形容词的双重特性，可作定状补表，有时式和语态的变化，有逻辑主语。①现在分词常可用作定语、表语&常表示性质，不表动作&( interesting,)※现在分词短语一般置于所饰的名词之_____ The car parking under the tree.②现在分词用作补语
※表示感官的动词接现在分词，表示动作正在发生(notice, watch等)或使役动词 (have, get, keep, leave等) 如：I kept the boy _____ (wait).※用作主补，常用于被．．．．动语态中 如：He was seen stealing money.③现在分词常可用作状语
※ 表时间，可置于句首、中、末，如：She drove away_____ (cry).分词动作与谓语动作同时发生; Climbing to the top, I saw it. 分词动作与谓语动作先后发生; Not___________ (finish)the homework, he had to stay up late at night .完成式表示分词动作在谓语动作之前发生。※现在分词之前可用连词when或while(e.g. when sleeping) 强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。※表原因，可置于句中、末，如: _____ (be) sick I stayed at home.※表条件，可置于谓语之前或之后，如：I’ll be better off walking.※表让步，如：_________ (know) this, they made me pay for this coat.※表结果、方式，如：She threw the doll on the floor _______ (break)④现在分词短语具有替代从句的作用※替代定语从句 Students wishing to go hiking should sign their names here.（=Students who wish to go hiking should sign their names here.）※替代状语从句的作用Knowing that he couldn't solve the problem in this way, he changed his mind. (＝Because he knew that he couldn't solve the problem in this way, he changed his mind.)※分词的独立主格结构 分词或者分词短语作状语使用时，其逻辑主语一定要和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，须在分词之前加上它的逻辑主语，这就是独立主格结构。After a little while,
the mother came over and embraced him.□经常使用现在分词的句型 be busy + doing sth. /spend (waste) time(money)+doing sth. /catch (find) sb.+ doing sth. 抓住、发现某人在做某事I found myself lying on the ground.(=I found that I was lying on the ground.)/have sb. + doing sth. 让(请)某人做某事 e.g. Do you have anybody sending your daughter home?/keep sb. + doing sth 让某人持续做某事 过去分词具有___词和形容词的双重特性。在句中的作用相当于形容词和副词，在句中可用作定、状、补、表语。□过去分词可用作定语&常表已完成的动作，但过去分词短语作定语时常置于所修饰的名词之___&；用作表语，如 be surprise with &有时可用于倒装句中，如Gone are the days&。 □用作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随。※_____(When/while) Heated, the mental expands.(受热即膨胀)※_____Gone from home so long, he looks forward to themeeting with his old friends.※_____United, divided, we fall.※_____ (Although)Fell far behind from the others, he still keeps on trying.※_____She stood there much disappointed.
（填写时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随）□用作补语※用作宾补时，其前的动作多为感官动词和使役动词&find, leave, want, ‘d like&。E.g. He is having their house_____ (paint) .※用作主补The fire is reported controlled.□用作表语时，相当于形容词；过去分词用于被动态时，则表动作。The road is completed. (竣工) 专项练习:1.No one enjoys _____ at.A. laughing
B. to laugh
C. being laughed
D. to be laughed2.You must do something to prevent your house__________ .A. to be broken in B. from being broken in
C. to break in D. from breaking in3.They insisted on _________another chance to try.A.given
C.being given
D.to be given4.―Where is my passport? I remember________ it here.―You shouldn't have left it here. Remember____________ it with you all the time.A. to put；to take
B. putting；taking C. putting；to take
D. to put；taking5.His room needs _______ , so he must have it_________.A. painting；painted B. painted；painting C. painting；painting D. painted；painted6.After finishing his homework he went on _______ a letter to his parents.A. write
B. writing
D. to write7.The young trees we planted last week require ________with great care.A. looking after
B. to look after C. to be looked after D. taken good care of8.Only_______ English doesn't mean _______ the language.A. to learn；to learn
B. learning；learningC. learning about；learn
D. learning about；learning9.She returned home only to find the door open and something _________ .A. missed
B. to be missing
C. missing
D. to be missed10.She decided to devote herself ______the problem of old age.A. to study
B. studying
C. to studying
D. study11. It took the workmen only two hours to finish ________ my car.A. repairing
C. to repair
D. repaired12. It's no good ________ over split milk.A. to cry
D. cry13. Have you forgotten ___________$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _________ it tomorrow?A. to bring
B. bringC. bringing
D. bringing14. The classroom wants __________.A. clean
B. cleaned
C. to clean
D. cleaning15. Jack said that he wouldn't mind ___________ for us.A. to wait
C. waiting
D. waited16. My brother keeps _________ me with my work.A. to help
C. helping
D. helped17.We should often practice _________ English with each other.A. to speak
D. speaking18.Keep on _________ and you will succeed.A. a try
D. trying19.His parents insist on ____________ to college.A. he should go
C. his going
D.him to go20.The story was so funny that we ___________.A. couldn't help laugh
B. can't but laughC. couldn't help laughing
D. couldn't help but to laugh21._______ the news of his father's death, he burst into tears.※A. After hearing
B. On hearing
C. While hearing
D. Having heard22. I regretted _____ that to her.A. having said
B. to have said
D. /23.__________ clean is a safeguard against disease.A.To be keeping
D.Keeping24.Seeing is _________.A.to believe
B.believing
C.believed
D.being believed25．-What's made Ruth so upset?
-_____ three tickets to the folk music concert.A. Lost
C. Because of losing
D. Since she lost26．Don't forget _____ this book to John when you see him.A. to return
B. returning
D. to returning27．Only one of these books is _____.A. worth to read
B. worth being read
C. worth of reading
D. worth reading28．We are both looking forward to _____ next week.A. going on vacation
B. go on vacationC. be going on vacation
D. have gone on vacation29．He had no difficulty _____ the problems.A. working out
B. having worked outC. to have worked out
D. to work out30．-You've done very well this time. -It's really kind______.A. for you to say so
B. for you saying soC. of you to say so
D. of you saying so31.It is better to lose one's life than ______.A. if you lose your spirit
B. losing his spiritC. to lose one's spirit
D. your spirit getting lost32.-I can't work it out this way. -Why not ______ it some other way?A. try to do
B. try doing
C. trying to do
D. trying doing33. To say is one thing, and ______is another.A. to do
B. doing C. to do it
D. saying it34. Since you find it difficult ______a decision, you'd better ______ a discussion with your parents.
A. have B. have
C. having D. have35. He would rather go than______ here for the night.A. to stay
B. stay C. staying
D. stayed36.The purpose of mastering a new technology is to make life easier, ______it more difficult.A. not make
B. not to make
C. not making
D. do not make37. I've worked with children before, so I know what______ in my new job.A. expected
B. expects
C. to expect
D. to be expecting38.There isn't any difference between the two. I really don't know__________ .A. where to choose
B. what to choose C. which to choose D. to choose which39. She didn't know whether to sell her books or__________.A. to keep them for referenceB. if she should keep them for referenceC. keeping them for referenceD. kept them for reference40. Paul doesn't have to be made _______ .He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned
D. learning41. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_______ .A. not to B. not to do C. not do it
D. do not to42. The patient was warned _______oily（油腻） food after the operation.A. to eat not
B. eating not
C. not to eat D. not eating43. I would love _________to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going
D. having gone44. Nobody noticed the thief slip（溜进） into the house because the lights happened to_________.
A. be put up B. give inC. be turned on D. go out45. My father hates________. He never allows me_________ .A. to smoke
B. smokingC. smoking
D. to smoke46. The girl was beginning_______.A. get angry
B. to get angry
C. getting angry
D. angry47. The Internet makes it easy __________ much new information in a short time.A. get B. to get
D. getting48. Do you mind _________ the window?A. my opening
B. my to open
C. if I am going to open
D. if I will open49.If he succeeded _______ a job, his children wouldn't be suffering from hunger
now.A. to find
B. to look for
C. in finding
D. in looking for50._______ his mother, the baby could not help _______.A. To see；to laugh
B. Seeing；to laughC. Seeing；laughing
D. To see；laughing 包含各类专业文献、幼儿教育、小学教育、高等教育、各类资格考试、中学教育、文学作品欣赏、应用写作文书、生活休闲娱乐、初中非谓语动词-动名词及分词讲解及练习79等内容。
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别人正在看什么？动名词与不定式
6.1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语
　　 Fighting broke out between the South and the North.
　　 南方与北方开战了。
2）作宾语　
　a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sth
admit 承认　　　appreciate 感激,赞赏　avoid 避免　　　　
complete 完成　 consider 认为　　　　 delay 耽误　　 deny 否认　　　 detest
讨厌　　　　　
endure 忍受　　　　enjoy 喜欢　　　escape 逃脱　　　　　 prevent阻止
fancy 想象　　　finish 完成　　　　　 imagine 想象　　 mind 介意　　　 miss 想念　　　　　　
postpone 推迟　　　　　　　 practise 训练　 recall 回忆　　　　　 resent
讨厌　　　　　
resist 抵抗　　 resume 继续　　　　　 risk 冒险
suggest 建议　　face 面对　　　　　　 include 包括　　　　stand 忍受　　　understand
　　 forgive 宽恕　　　　　　　　 keep 继续
　(1)　Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
　(2)　The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being
caught.　　　
　b. 词组后接doing
admit to　　 prefer…to　　　　　be used to　　　 lead to　　　devote oneself to　
　　　stick to　　 busy　　　　look forward to(to为介词）
no good,　no use,　It's worth…,　 as well as,
can't help,　It's no use /good　 be tired of
be fond of　 be capable of　 be afraid of　
be proud of　 think of / about　 hold off　　　　
put off　 keep on　 insist on　　count on / upon
set about　 be successful in　 good at　　take up
give up　　burst out　　prevent … from…　
　　Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of the children.
6.1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语
　　 Fighting broke out between the South and the North.
　　 南方与北方开战了。
2）作宾语　
　 a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sth
admit 承认　　　appreciate 感激,赞赏　avoid 避免　　　　
complete 完成　 consider 认为　　　　 delay 耽误　　 deny 否认　　　 detest
讨厌　　　　　
endure 忍受　　　　enjoy 喜欢　　　escape 逃脱　　　　　 prevent阻止
fancy 想象　　　finish 完成　　　　　 imagine 想象　　 mind 介意　　　 miss 想念　　　　　　
postpone 推迟　　　　　　　 practise 训练　 recall 回忆　　　　　 resent
讨厌　　　　　
resist 抵抗　　 resume 继续　　　　　 risk 冒险
suggest 建议　　face 面对　　　　　　 include 包括　　　　stand 忍受　　　understand
　　 forgive 宽恕　　　　　　　　 keep 继续
　(1)　Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
　(2)　The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being
caught.　　　
　 b. 词组后接doing
admit to　　　prefer…to　　　　be used to　　　 lead to　　　devote oneself
to　　object to
　　　stick to　　　　　be busy　　　　look forward to　to为介词）
no good,　no use,　It's worth…,　 as well as,
can't help,　It's no use /good　 be tired of
be fond of　 be capable of　 be afraid of　
be proud of　 think of / about　 hold off　　　　
put off　 keep on　 insist on　　count on / upon
set about　 be successful in　 good at　　take up
give up　　burst out　　prevent … from…　
　　Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of the
6.2 worth 的用法
worth，worthy，worth-while都为adj.　意为"值得"。
1. worth： be worth + n.　 当名词为金钱时，表示"…… 值得……"
　be worth doing sth.　"……某事值得被做"
　　　The question is not worth discussing again and again.
2. worthy：be worthy of +n.　当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……"
　be worthy to be done "某事值得被做"
　　　The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again.
3. worth-while： be worth-while to do sth　 "值得做某事"
　 worth while： It is worth while doing sth
　　　　　　　　 It is worth while sb to do sth.
It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again.
A.worth　B.worthy　C.worth-while　D.worth while
答案C. 由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worth-while to do sth.。因此选C。
7. 动词不定式
7.1 不定式作宾语
1) 动词+ 不定式
afford　 aim　　 appear　　agree　 arrange　　ask　　　be　　　
decide　bother　　care　　
choose　　 come　　　 dare　　 demand　desire　　determine　　　　
expect　　　elect　　
endeavor　　　　　hope　　　　　　　fail　 happen　 help　　hesitate　learn　
long　　　mean
　　 manage　 offer　 ought　　 plan　　prepare　pretend　　
promise　refuse　seem　　 tend
　　 wait　　　 wish　　　　 undertake
　The driver failed to see the other car in time.
　　 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
　I happen to know the answer to your question.
　　 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2）动词+不定式 ；　动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need
prefer, prepare, promise,
want, wish…
　　　I like to keep everything tidy.　我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
　　　I like you to keep everything tidy.　我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
　　　I want to speak to Tom.　 我想和汤姆谈话。
　　　I want you to speak to Tom.　 我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3） 动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand,
see, wonder, hear, find
out, explain, tell
　　Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
　　There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't
make up my mind which to
buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。
　　 The question is how to put it into practice.
　　 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
7.1 不定式作宾语
1) 动词+ 不定式
afford　 aim　　 appear　　agree　 arrange　　ask　　　be　　　
decide　bother　　care　　
choose　　 come　　　 dare　　 demand　desire　　determine　　　　
expect　　　elect　　
endeavor　　　　　hope　　　　　　　fail　 happen　 help　　hesitate　learn　
long　　　mean
　　 manage　 offer　 ought　　 plan　　prepare　pretend　　
promise　refuse　seem　　 tend
　　 wait　　　 wish　　　　 undertake
　The driver failed to see the other car in time.
　　 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
　I happen to know the answer to your question.
　　 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2）动词+不定式 ；　动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need
prefer, prepare, promise,
want, wish…
　I like to keep everything tidy.　我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
　I like you to keep everything tidy.　我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom.　 我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom.　 我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3） 动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand,
see, wonder, hear, find
out, explain, tell
　　Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
　　There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't
make up my mind which to
buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。
　　 The question is how to put it into practice.
　　 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
7.2 不定式作补语&
1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
advise　　 allow　　 appoint　　 believe　　 cause　　 challenge　command　
compel　　　
consider　 declare　　 drive　　　enable　　encourage　 find　　　 forbid　　
force　　　
guess　　 hire　　　　imagine　　impel　　　induce　　
inform　　instruct　　invite　　
judge　　　 know　　　 like　　　order　　　 permit　　persuade　 remind　　
report　　
request　　 require　　select　send　　　 state　　 suppose　　 tell　　　
think　 train　　
　trust　　 understand　urge　　　 warn　
　 a.　Father will not allow us to play on the street.　　　　　　　
　　 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
　 b.　We believe him to be guilty.
　　 我们相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法：
　　Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带
一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。
　　　I found him lying on the ground.
　　　I found it important to learn.
　　　I found that to learn English is important.
　　The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.　
　 A. lying　 B. lie　 C. lay　 D. laying　　
答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行
，过去分词表达被动。
2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。
Acknowledge,　　believe,　consider,　　think,　declare(声称),　discover,
fancy(设想),　feel
　　 find,　guess,　 judge,　　imagine,　　　know,　 prove,　　　　　see(理解),
show,　　　
　suppose,　　　　 take(以为),　　 understand
　　 We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our
　　 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
　　 Charles Babbage is generally considered　___ the first
computer.　
A. to invent　B. inventing　 C. to have invented　 D. having
invented　
答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C
为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。
3) to be +形容词
Seem,　　　　 appear,　　　be said,　　be supposed,　 be believed,　be
thought,　be known,　
be reported,　hope, wish,　 desire,　　　want,　　　 plan,　 expect,　　　
　The book is believed to be uninteresting.
　人们认为这本书没什么意思。
4)　there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish,
　We didn't expect there to be so many people
there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。
注意 ： 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take,
　We regard Tom as our best teacher.　我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
　Mary took him as her father .　玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
7.3 不定式主语
1） It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了
easy,　difficult,　 hard,　 important,　 possible,　
impossible,　comfortable,　 necessary,
the first,　 the next,　　　the last,　　the best,　too much,　　too
little,　　not enough
　It's so nice to hear your voice.
　听到你的声音真高兴。
　It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use
　当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
2) It's very kind of you to help us.　他帮助我们，他真好。
Kind,　nice,　 stupid,　rude,　
clever,　foolish,　thoughtful,　thoughtless,　brave,　
considerate(考虑周到的),　silly,　 selfish(自私的)
　　　It was silly of us to believe him.　我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
　　　It seemed selfish of him not to give them
anything.　他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私
注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
　　　2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。
　　　3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型
　　　　(对)To see is to believe.　百闻不如一见。
　　　　(错)It is to believe to see.
7.4 It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult,　
interesting, impossible等：
　　 It's very hard for him to study two languages.
对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice,
clever, foolish, right。
　　 It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
for 与of 的辨别方法：
　　用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用
　　 You are nice.　(通顺，所以应用of)。
　　 He is hard.　(人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)
7.5 不定式作表语
　不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：
　　 My work is to clean the room every day.
　　 His dream is to be a doctor.
7.6 不定式作定语
　 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：
　　　I have a lot of work to do.　
　　　So he made some candles to give light.
7.7 不定式作状语
1）目的状语　
To… only to (仅仅为了),　in order to,　so as to,　so(such)… as to…
(如此……以便……)
　　He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.　他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
　　I come here only to say good-bye to you.　我来仅仅是向你告别。
2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
　　What have I said to make you angry.
　　He searched the room only to find nothing.
3)　表原因
　　I'm glad to see you.
　The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to
　A. sit　 B. sit on　 C. be seat　 D. be sat on
答案：B.　如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词
不定式"结构的末尾。
7.8 用作介词的to
　　to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形； 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，
即to+ 名词/动名词：
admit to承认，　　　　　　　confess to承认，
be accustomed to 习惯于，　 be used to 习惯于， stick to 坚持，　　　　　　 turn
to开始，着
手于， devote oneself to 献身于，　be devoted to 致力于， look forward to
盼望，　　　pay
attention to 注意
7.9 省to 的动词不定式
1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：
2） 使役动词 let, have, make：
3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to,
smell, feel, find 等后
作宾补，省略to。
注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
　 I saw him dance.
　=He was seen to dance.
　 The boss made them work the whole night.
　=They were made to work the whole night.
4） would rather，had better：
5） Why… / why not…：
6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：
7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。
8） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：
9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to
　　 He is supposed (to be) nice.　他应该是个好人。
　　 He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
He wants to do nothing but go out.
比较：　 He wants to do nothing but go out.
　　　　 He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
1) ---- I usually go there by train.　
　 ---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?　
　　A. to try going　 B.　trying to go　 C.　to try and go　 D.　try
　　答案：D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。
2） Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works
　 A. learn　 B. to learn　 C. learned　 D. learning
　 答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。
7.10 动词不定式的否定式
　 Tell him not to shut the window…　
　 She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。
1）Tell him ___ the window.　
　 A. to shut not　 B. not to shut　 C. to not shut
　 D. not shut　
　　答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.
2)　She pretended ___ me when I passed by.　
　 A.　not to see　 B. not seeing　　C. to not see
　 D.　having not seen　
　 答案：A。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。
3）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.　
　 A. never to drive　 B. to never driver　
　 C. never driving　 D. never drive　
　 答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth.
此处用的是否定词never.
4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his
mother told him ____.　
　 A. not to　　B. not to do　　C. not do it　
　 D. do not to
　答案：A。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及
物动词do后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此B，D不对。
5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the
operation.　
　 A. to eat no　 B. eating not　 C. not to eat　
　 D. not eating
　 答案：C。warn一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to do。
7.11 不定式的特殊句型too…to…
1）too…to　 太…以至于…
　　He is too excited to speak.
　　他太激动了，说不出话来。
　 ---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?
　 ---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it,
but thank you all the
same.　不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。
2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为"不太"
　 It's never too late to mend.　(谚语)
　　　改过不嫌晚。
3)　当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。
　 I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。
　 He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。
7.12 不定式的特殊句型so as to&
1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。
　　 Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his
　　　　 汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。
　　 Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
　　　　 轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。
2)　so kind as to ---劳驾
　　 Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?
　　　　 劳驾，现在几点了。
7.13 不定式的特殊句型Why not
　 "Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" "干吗不……?"
　　　Why not take a holiday?
　　　干吗不去度假?
7.14 不定式的时态和语态
时态\语态　　　 主动　　　　　被动
一般式　　　　　 to do　　　　　　to be done
进行式　　　　　 to be doing　　
完成式　　　　　 to have done　　 to have been done
完成进行式　　　 to have been doing　　
1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作
　　He seems to know this.
　　I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you
again.　我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
　I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
　He seems to have caught a cold.
3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
　He seems to be eating something.
4) 完成进行时：
　She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many
7.15 动名词与不定式
1） 动名词与不定式的区别：
　动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的
　不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的
2） 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。
3） 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：
　 1　stop to do　　　　　stop doing　　　
　 2 forget to do　　　　 forget doing
　 3　remember to do　　　remember doing　　　　　
　 4 regret to do　　　　 regret doing
　 5　cease to do　　　　 cease doing　　　　　　　
　 6 try to do　　　　　　try doing
　 7　go on to do　　　　 go on doing　　　　　　　
　 8 afraid to do　　　　 afraid doing
　 9　interested to do　　interested doing　
　10 mean to do　　　　　 mean doing
　11 begin/ start to do　 begin/ start
doing　　　　　　&
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