请问something takes a lot of worklot是什么单位意思 谢谢

英语翻译Clearly,something other than ticks is bugging a lot of doctors.请问tick和bug这里是什么意思?_百度作业帮
英语翻译Clearly,something other than ticks is bugging a lot of doctors.请问tick和bug这里是什么意思?
tick 扁虱(吸血寄生虫,有些种类传播疾病)bug 打扰(引申为使……困扰)
显然,其他东西滴答响打扰了很多医生tick 滴答响bug 打扰
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指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分:
指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分:
1.Whether we’ll go depend on the weather .
2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily .
3. That was how they were defeated.
4.The nursery takes good care of our children .
5.I’ll return the book to you tomorrow .
6.We are sure that we shall succeed .
7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .
8.There are many film that I’d like to see.
9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?
10.I have a lot of work to do .
11.Anyway I won’t stop you from doing it .
12.I said it in fun .
13.We can send a car over to fetch you .
14.She had to work standing up .
15.Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .
16.Much interested , he agreed to give it a try .
17.The bus arrived ten minutes late .
18.We should serve the people heart and soul.
19.Spring coming on , the tree turned green .
20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky .
21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .
22.It’s strange that she doesn’t come today .
23.It was in the library that I came across her yesterday.
24.He likes drawing at times when he isn’t working .
25.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.
提问者:lhc509
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划线部分是哪部分??
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回答者:teacher084
关于如何分析句子成分:
  一、英语重结构,汉语重语义
  我国著名语言学家王力先生曾经说过:“就句子的结构而论,西洋语言是法治的,中国语言是人治的。”(《中国语法理论》,《王力文集》第一卷,第35页,山东教育出版社,1984年)
  我们看一看下面的例子:
  Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with inbuilt (成为固定装置的,嵌入墙内的;内在的,固有的)personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived。
  译文:儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍,具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具,人们将在气味电视前休闲,到这时数字时代就来到了。
  这句英语是由四个独立句构成的并列句,前三个句子都用简单将来时,最后一个句子用的是将来完成时,句子之间的关系通过时态、逗号和并列连词and表示得一清二楚。而汉语译文明显就是简单的叙述,至于句子之间的关系完全通过句子的语义表现出来:前三个句子可以看成是并列关系,最后一个句子则表示结果。
  二、英语多长句,汉语多短句
  由于英语是"法治"的语言,只要结构上没有出现错误,许多意思往往可以放在一个长句中表达;汉语则正好相反,由于是"人治",语义通过字词直接表达,不同的意思往往通过不同的短句表达出来。正是由于这个原因,考研英译汉试题几乎百分之百都是长而复杂的句子,而翻译成中文经常就成了许多短小的句子。
  例如:Interest in historical methods had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline (身心的锻炼,训练;纪律,风纪,命令服从;惩戒,惩罚;学科,科目)and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
  译文:人们对历史研究方法产生了兴趣,这与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战,还不如说是因为历史学家内部发生了争吵。
  英文原句是个典型的长句,由27个词组成,中间没有使用任何标点符号,完全靠语法结构使整个句子的意思化零为整:less through...and more from构成一个复杂的状语修饰动词arisen。在中文翻译中,"产生兴趣"这一重要内容通过一个独立的句子表达,两个不同的原因则分别由不同的句子表达,整个句子被化整为零。
  三、英语多从句,汉语多分句
  英语句子不仅可以在简单句中使用很长的修饰语使句子变长,同时也可以用从句使句子变复杂,而这些从句往往通过从句引导词与主句或其它从句连接,整个句子尽管表面上看错综复杂却是一个整体。汉语本来就喜欢用短句,加上表达结构相对松散,英语句子中的从句翻成汉语时往往成了一些分句。
  例如:On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.
  译文:总的来说,得出这样一个结论是有一定程度把握的,但是必须具备两个条件:能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比的另一个孩子的态度相同;他也没有因缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。
  原文中两个only if引导的从句显然使整个句子变得很复杂,可是由于有并列连词but和and,整句话的逻辑关系十分清楚:…能够得出结论…但是只要…而且只要…。从上面的译文我们可以看出,为了使中文表达更加清楚,but only if...and only if...首先提纲挈领:但是必须具备两个条件……,这种做法给我们的感觉是译文中没有从句,有的只是一些不同的分句。
  四、主语,宾语等名词成分“英语多代词,汉语多名词”
    在句子中,英语多用名词和介词,汉语多用动词。
  英语不仅有we、you、he、they等人称代词,而且还有that、which之类的关系代词,在长而复杂的句子,为了使句子结构正确、语义清楚,同时避免表达上的重复,英语往往使用很多代词。汉语虽然也有代词,但由于结构相对松散、句子相对较短,汉语里不能使用太多的代词,使用名词往往使语义更加清楚。请看下面的例句:
  There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.
  译文:届时,将出现由机器人主持的电视访谈节目及装有污染监测器的汽车,一旦这些汽车污染超标(或违规),监测器就会使其停驶。
五、英语多被动,汉语多主动
  英语比较喜欢用被动语态,科技英语尤其如此。汉语虽然也有"被"、"由"之类的词表示动作是被动的,但这种表达远没有英语的被动语态那么常见,因此,英语中的被动在汉译中往往成了主动。下面我们先看一组常用被动句型的汉译:
  It must be pointed out that...必须指出……
  It must be admitted that...必须承认……
  It is imagined that...人们认为……
  It can not be denied that...不可否认……
  It will be seen from this that...由此可知……
  It should be realized that...必须认识到……
  It is (always) stressed that...人们(总是)强调……
  It may be said without fear of exaggeration that...可以毫不夸张地说……
  这些常用被动句型属于习惯表达法,在科技英语中出现频率很高,考生不仅要熟悉这些句型的固定翻译,同时要认识到许多英语中的被动从习惯上来讲要译成汉语的主动。我们再看一个典型的例子:
  And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can by no means be compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.
  译文:许多人认为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维活动相比,认为这些思维活动必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。
原文中有三个被动语态is imagined, be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:认为、相比和掌握。
有些英语被动需要把主语译成汉语的宾语,这样才能更加符合中文的表达习惯。
  例如:New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore (归还;恢复,复兴;恢复健康,复原)that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the past time.
  译文:必须找到新的能源,这需要时间;而过去我们感觉到的那种能源价廉而充足的情况将不大可能再出现了。
  六、英语多变化,汉语多重复
  熟悉英语的人都知道,英语表达相同的意思时往往变换表达方式。第一次说"我认为"可以用"I think",第二次再用"I think"显然就很乏味,应该换成"I believe"或"I imagine"之类的表达。相比之下,汉语对变换表达方式的要求没有英语那么高,很多英语中的变化表达译成重复表达就行了。请看下面的例子:
  The monkey's most extraordinary accomplishment was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, the monkey had learned to solo on the vehicle.
  译文:这只猴子最了不起的成就是学会驾驶拖拉机。到九岁的时候,这只猴子已经学会了单独表演驾驶拖拉机了。tractor和vehicle在句中显然都表示"拖拉机",英语表达上有变化,而译成汉语时使用了重复表达法。
七、英语多抽象,汉语多具体
  做翻译实践较多的人都有这样的体会:英文句子难译主要难在结构复杂和表达抽象上。通过分析句子的结构,把长句变短句、从句变分句,结构上的难题往往迎刃而解。表达抽象则要求译者吃透原文的意思、用具体的中文进行表达,这对考生往往具有更大的挑战性。
  下面我们先看一组例子:
  disintegration 土崩瓦解
  ardent (热心的;热情的)loyalty 赤胆忠心
  total exhaustion 筋疲力尽
  far-sightedness 远见卓识
  careful consideration 深思熟虑
  perfect harmony (和声;和睦)水乳交融
  feed on fancies 画饼充饥
  with great eagerness 如饥似渴
  lack of perseverance 三天打鱼,两天晒网
  make a little contribution (捐款;捐助)添砖加瓦
  on the verge of destruction 危在旦夕
  从上面的例子不难看出,英语表达往往比较抽象,汉语则喜欢比较具体。我们再看一个翻译:
  Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the points whereas the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more "unnatural food."
  译文:除非人类终于意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度:使地球能为所有人提供足够的饮食,否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。
  原文中有三个抽象的名词:sense, point和support和两个抽象的形容词comfortable和unnatural。根据大纲中词汇表提供的解释,sense可指“感觉”、“判断力”,point的意思是“点”,support的意思是“支撑(物)”、“支持(物)”,comfortable是“舒适的”,unnatural是“非自然的”,都是意思十分抽象的词,如果不进行具体化处理,译文就可能是这样:除非人类有这样的感觉,把人口减少到这样的,使地球能为大家提供舒适的支持,否则人们将不得不接受更多的"非自然的食物"。
  八、英语多引申,汉语多推理
  英语有两句俗话:一是You know a word by the company it keeps.(要知义如何,关键看词伙),二是Words do not have meaning, but people have meaning for them.(词本无义,义随人生)。这说明词典对词的定义和解释是死的,而实际运用中的语言是活的。从原文角度来说,这种活用是词义和用法的引申,翻译的时候要准确理解这种引申,译者就需要进行推理。
  例如:While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
  译文:尽管关于历史的定义几乎和历史学家一样多,现代实践最符合这样一种定义,即把历史看作是对过去重大历史事件的再现和解释。
  "recreate"根据构词法和一般词典上解释都是“重新创造”,而考研英语大纲词汇表中只有名词"recreation",所给词义为"娱乐、消遣",在这种情况下,考生很容易把recreate译成“重新创造”或者“娱乐”。仔细观察recreate不难发现它带有宾语the significant events of the part,从逻辑上来讲,"过去的重大历史事件"是不能"重新创造"的,作者显然对recreate一词的词义进行了引申。做翻译的人经常会有这样一种感受:某个词明明认识,可就是不知道该怎样表达。这其实就是词的引申和推理在起作用。
  九、英语多省略,汉语多补充
  英语一方面十分注重句子结构,另一方面又喜欢使用省略。英语省略的类型很多,有名词的省略,动词的省略,有句法方面的省略,也有情景方面的省略。在并列结构中,英语往往省略前面已出现过的词语,而汉语则往往重复这些省略了的词。
  例如:①Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil.
  野心不仅是罪恶的根源,同时也是毁灭的根源。
  ②Reading exercises one' Speaking, one' while writing, one's mind.
  阅读训练人的眼睛,说话训练人的口齿,写作训练人的思维。
  ④One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.
  在考研英译汉中,省略是一种很常见现象。例如:
  Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
  译文:因此,究竟是使用测试,其它种类的信息,还是在特定的情况下两者都使用,取决于关于相对效度的来自经验的证据,同时还取决于成本和可获得性这样的因素。
whether...or...是并列连词,or前面省略了不定式to use, and upon中间省了动词depends。
  十、英语多前重心,汉语多后重心
  在表达多逻辑思维时,英语往往是判断或结论等在前,事实或描写等在后,即重心在前;汉语则是由因到果、由假设到推论、由事实到结论,即重心在后。
  比较:I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.
  译文:由于贵国政府的提议,才得以这样快地重新实现访问。这使我感到特别高兴。
  The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely (不足地,不充分地;一定不,绝不)contested (斗争;比赛).
  译文:如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位,不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展,要享受其基本权利,即使不是不可能,也是不容易的。这一论断几乎是无可置辩的了。
回答者:teacher084
英语句子成分分析:
句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。
第一讲 英语句子成分
通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语,谓语前的成分是状语,时间词作状语放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下:
(定语) 主语 (状语) 谓语 (定语) 宾语 (状语)
如:(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.
(The happy) child --- went (his) home yesterday..
英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语(核心:主动词)
英语句子成分哥:
英语句子八大块,
主谓宾表真实在;
补语跟着宾语表语跑,
定语同位(语)专把名词踹。
状语的位置自由自在,
忽右忽左随心所欲摆。
I.八大成分的概念和构成
一、主语:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,一般放于句首。
充当主语的形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)名词从句5)数词6)不定式7)-ing形式8)介词短语(少见)
形式主语(名词从句,不定式,动名词)(见第六讲主语和宾语)
1)If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.
不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹。
The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.
成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始,并要坚持不断磨练。
二、谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面
谓语形式:动词(英语句子的灵魂)
I have a dream.
You don’t always want what you need, or need what you want.
所需之物未必皆所欲,所欲未必皆所需。
三、宾语:行为或活动的对象,接受者或受影响者。放在及物动词或者介词之后
You don’t find opportunities…you make them.
你找不到机会。你得去创造机会。
You probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.
如果你常开着电视,你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。
充当宾语形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)名词从句5)数词6)不定式7)-ing形式
形式宾语(名词从句,不定式,动名词)(见第六讲主语和宾语)
四、表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任说明主语的身份和情况。(跟在系动词后)
构成形式:1)名词2)形容词3)代词4)数词5)不定式6)ing形式7)过去分词8)副词9)介词短语10)小品词11)名词从句
Time is money.
Three o’clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.
你想做什么事,三点钟总是太早或太迟。
五、.补语:补充说明。(由动词类别来决定)
构成形式:1)名词2)代词3)形容词4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)过去分词8)介词短语9)副词小品词10)名词从句
Tom was made monitor.
I made Tom monitor.
I am sure to succeed.
六、定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面
7. This is beautiful music.
There are only two kinds of music…good and bad.
自古音乐分两种,好的和坏的。
构成形式:1)限定词2)形容词3)名词4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)过去分词8)介词短语9)副词10)关系从句
七、.同位语:对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。
Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.
构成形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)名词从句
八、状语:状语是用来说明动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前,修饰词,短语,从句和整句。位置:自由自在。
1)修饰性状语:修饰动词,形容词,副词等(时间,地点,肯定,否定,程度,频度,方式,伴随,原因,目的,比较等)。
Can you feel the love tonight?
Home never looks so good as when you come back from getting away from it.
只有出走又回家时,家才最感亲切。
2)连接性状语:连接上下文(顺序,递进,转折,让步,结果,推论,比较)。
First comes spring, then summer.
I’ve never been to America, therefore I don’t know much about it.
3)评述性状语:修饰整个句子,表示说话人的看法或态度。
Frankly speaking, the food is not very good.
II.成分关系
1.补语跟着宾语表语跑:
补语跟在宾语和表语的后面构成宾补和表补。把有宾补的句子变成被动语态,则宾补就变成了主补。
To love others makes us happy…to love ourselves makes us lonely.(宾补)
We are made happy to love others…we are made lonely to love ourselves.(主补)
爱他人使我们幸福,在自己使我们孤单。
2.定语,同位(语)专把名词踹:
定语,同位语修饰名词性形式
Experience is the best teacher.(被定语所修饰的形式为名词)
They are going to Melbourne, the beautiful city in southern Australia.(同位语所修饰的形式为名词)
3.谓语动词由状语修饰
When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get one, but you won’t come up with a handful of sand either.
你想摘下天上的星星,可能一个也摘不下;但也不会一无所获。
(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。
如:The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)
(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。
如:It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。)
(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略:(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。)/ (It) doesn’t matter. ((那)没有关系。) / (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你。)
(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词:The man looks worried,doesn’t he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗?) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗?)
(5)祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。) (省略了主语) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去给我弄一杯水来。)
(6)主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾;倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。如:Computers are made in this factory. (计算机生产于这家工厂。) / Where are they? (他们在哪儿?) / Does the boy like staying home? (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗?)
(7)主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。)
(8)主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”。
(1)由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。如:
He travelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?) / The pizza has gone bad. (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。) /
(2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成:[情态动词]+[时态助动词]+[语态助动词]+[主要动词](不一定全部出现)。(见动词的时态和语态构成表) 记住:谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词。如:
I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. (对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样。) / He can’t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (该采取措施防止
禽流感蔓延。)
(3)谓语动词切忌用“行为动词1 + 原形动词”、“be + 原形动词”。
记住使用下列正确形式:
①情态动词+原形动词。如:You’d better go over the lesson.(你最好复习这一课。)
②shall/ will/ would+原形动词。如:They should have been there once.(他们应该去过那儿。)
③be+现在分词或者过去分词。如:What are you doing this evening?(今晚你打算做什么?)/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐。)
④have+过去分词。如:Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(意思同上)
⑤一般时问句和否定句中:do/does/did+原形动词。如:He does not enjoy himself very much.(他日子过的不好。)/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?(你们当中有谁见过恐龙蛋吗?)
⑥行为动词1+行为动词2 (不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词等形式)。如:He made up his mind to be a vet.(他拿定主意要做个兽医。)/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.(自尊自爱是享受生活的根本。)/ They wake up the other family members, calling,“Merry Christmas!”(他们叫醒家庭的其他成员,呼喊着:圣诞快乐!)/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.(古代的埃及国王让人给他们自己修建坚固的坟墓。)
(4)不可用形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等独立作谓语,必须在此之前加连系动词。
(5)谓语动词单复数形式:单数形式的动词有:is,was,has,does以及“动词+s”;复数形式的动词有:are,were,have以及动词原形。其他动词不分单、复数。
记住:主语、谓语单复数必须保持一致。(参见“4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题:”) Air and water is necessary to us all.(空气和水对于我们大家是必不可少的。)
(6)一般问句和反意问句的回答不使用行为动词,应该使用“是”动词、情态动词、助动词(be,will,have,do以及变形)。如:The Olympic Games is held every other year, isn’t it? ----Yes, it is.(奥运会每两年举办一次,是吗?----是的。)
(1) 由名词、代词(人称代词要用宾格)、不定式、动名词、(宾语)从句充当,表示动作的承受者是“谁”或者是“何物”。如: The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情。)(代词和名词充当两个宾语) / He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多的钱。)(不定式作宾语) / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons.(他们如此喜爱看足球以至于常常忘记了他们的功课。)(动名词作宾语) / I think to be a children’s doctor is very rewarding.(我认为当个儿童医生是很值得的。)(从句作宾语)
(2) 只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词。Listen to the radio. (listen不是及物动词,故加to。) / Can you hear anything exciting?(你能听到什么令人兴奋的消息吗?)
(3) 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词的后面,但是在疑问句中,如果宾语是疑问词,则宾语要放在句首。介词的宾语如果是疑问词,则可以放在介词后或句首。如:What did he see? (他看见了什么?) / What does he write a letter with? (他用什么写的信?) / With what does he write a letter? (他用什么写的信?)
(4)“动词+副词+宾语”结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在“动”“副”之间。如:Please put the shoes away. (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put away the shoes. (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put them away. (请把它们收起来。)
(5) 动词后面跟双宾语时可以采用两种结构:
①动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。如:He often gives me some help. (他常常帮我。)
②动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。注意,一般情况介词用to,但动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for.如: Please make me a kite. (请给我做个风筝。)或Please make a kite for me.
(6) 在“动词+宾语+宾补”结构中,如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用it做形式宾语,而将实际的宾语移到补语后面去。如:I found the job rather difficult. (我发觉这个工作相当难做。) / I found it rather difficult to do the job.
(7) 宾语可以由从句充当,详见“宾语从句”。
(1) 说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分,通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、代词等充当。如:He became a doctor after he left high school.(高中毕业他当上了医生。) / The rubber wheels are over there.(橡胶轮子在那边。) / He does not feel like eating anything today because he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何东西因为他得了重感冒。) / Who is it?(谁呀?)
(2) 表语只能放在连系动词(如:be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之后,对表语进行提问的句子除外。
(3) 代词做表语一般用主格,口语中常用宾。如:It’s I. (It’s me.)是我。
(4) 只能作表语的形容词有:sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。He was terribly sorry for his carelessness.(他很为他的粗心而歉疚。) / Pleas the baby is asleep.(请不要发出响动,婴儿正熟睡呢。) / I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是对独坐孤舟无所事事感兴趣。) / I am not alone in thinking so.(并非只有我才这样想的。)
(5) 表语也可以由从句充当,详见“表语从句”。
(1) 修饰名词或代词的成分,常由形容词、名词(含所有格)、代词(物主、指示、疑问、不定)、介词短语、不定式(短语)充当,在初三阶段还学习了定语从句做定语的知识。如:Put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上层的抽屉里。) / France and Switzerland are European countries. (法国和瑞士是欧洲国家。) / His mother and father are both college teachers.(他的父母都是大学教师。) / This is the day that I can never forget in my life.(这是我一辈子难忘的日子。)
(2) 单词做定语时一般放在被修饰的名词前面,而且有一定的次序:
限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍和材料,作用类别靠后靠。
冠词/物代年龄/形状/大小/温度色彩来源质地/材料目的/用途
被修饰的名词(中心词)
(3) 时间副词(now,then,today,yesterday,...)、地点副词(here,there,back,in,out,home,...作定语时放在被修饰的名词后面。如:I could not find my way out, so I stayed there all along. (我找不到出去的路,所以就一直呆在那儿。)
(4) 介词短语修饰名词时只能放在名词的后面:The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday. (笼子里的猴子是昨天逮着的。)
(5) 形容词修饰复合不定代词时,往往后置。如:He remembered everything unusual. (他记得所有不寻常的事情。)
(6) 定语还可以用从句充当,详见 定语从句。
(7) 注意:由于定语属于修饰性的成分,因此它常归入主语、宾语、表语之中,不作为句子的主要成分。
(1) 说明动作“何时”、“何地”、“如何”发生,或者说明形容词或副词的程度,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当。如:I was not born yesterday.(我又不是昨天才出世的娃娃。)/ For many of these families a college education was something new.(对其中的许多家庭来说,大学教育是件新事物。)/ He woke up to find his house on fire.(他醒来发现房子着火了。) / You cannot leave until your work is finished.(在你的工作被完成以前你不能离开)
(2) 副词作状语位置较为灵活;介词短语作状语,位置基本固定;不定式作状语,一般表示目的、结果;从句作状语.
(3) 多个状语相连时,一般先单词、后短语,先地点、后时间,先小概念、后大概念。如:He went ouf of the room at a quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the dark.(他昨夜22点3刻从房间里出来,然后消失在黑暗之中。) /
(4) 状语还可以用从句来充当,有时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等。详见“状语从句”。
(5) 注意:由于状语属于修饰性的成分,常归入谓语,因此不作为句子的主要成分。
7、宾语补足语:
(1) 补充说明宾语的动作、状态的成分为宾语补足语,常由名词、形容词、动词非谓语形式(不定式、现在分词、过去分词等)、介词短语等充当。如:Call him Jim, please. (请叫他Jim。) / I tried my best to make him happy. (我竭尽所能让他开心。) / Ask her to come to dinner tomorrow. (请他明天来。) / He let the smaller animals bring food to him. (他让小动物们给他带食物来。)
(2) 部分表示位置、方向的副词也可以作宾语补足语。如:Let him in, I tell you! (我跟你说,让他进来!)/ Please put it away. (请把它收起来。)
(3) 不定式或分词作宾语补足语
回答者:teacher084
英语句子成分讲解:
一、主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east.
He likes dancing.
Twenty years is a short time in history.
Seeing is believing.
(动名词)
To see is to believe.
(不定式)
What he needs is a book.
(主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
二、谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.
He is asleep.
三、表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher.
Seventy-four! You don’t look it.
Five and five is ten.
He is asleep.
(形容词)
His father is in.
The picture is on the wall.
(介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost.
(形容词化的分词)
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ”
(不定式)
The question is whether they will come.
(表语从句)
常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来),
taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉) ….
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
Now I feel tired.
三、宾语:
1)动作的承受者——动宾
I like China. (名词)
He hates you. (代词)
How many do you need? We need two. (数词)
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
I hope to see you again. (不定式)
Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
四、宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor.
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)
We will make them happy. (形容词)
We found nobody in. (副词)
Please make yourself at home. (介词短语)
Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)
I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)
五、主补:对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
六、定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)
He is our friend. (代词)
We belong to the third world.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2.
(现在分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)
I have an idea to do it well.
(不定式)
You should do everything that I do.
(定语从句)
七、状语:用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
(以下例句按上述顺序排列)
I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.
I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
记忆口诀:
动词种类速记:
英语动词分四种,行为连系助动情。
动作状态为行动,充当谓语有作用;
连系动词有意义,不能独立作谓语,
须与表语在一起,常用look,become,be
助动词无意义,不能独立作谓语,
时态、疑问和否定,do,be,will最常用
情态动词must,can,may,表示语气和情态,
人称与数无变化,动词原形跟着它。
感官、使役动词:
一感二听三使四看
一感:feel二听:hear,listen三使:make, let ,have
四看:look at,see,watch,notice
感使动词真奇怪,to在句中像妖怪,
主动句中它走开,被动句中它回来,
动词let要除外,to词可来可不来。
回答者:teacher084
请问划线部分是什么。
回答者:teacher056

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