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Copyright (C)
All Rights ReservedFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article needs additional citations for . Please help
by . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2010)
Sport in Canada consists of a wide variety of games. There are many contests that
value, the most common sports are , , , , ,
and , with ice hockey and lacrosse being the official winter and summer sports.
, referred to as simply "hockey", is Canada's most prevalent , its most popular spectator sport, and its most successful sport in international competition. It is Canada's official national winter sport. , a sport with
origins, is Canada's oldest and official .
is Canada's second most popular spectator sport, being the most popular in the prairie provinces. The 's annual championship, the , is one of the country's largest annual sports events. While other sports have a larger spectator base, , known in Canada as soccer in both English and French, has the most registered players of any team sport in Canada. Professional teams exist in many cities in Canada.
reports that the top ten sports that Canadians participate in are , ice hockey, , soccer, basketball, baseball, ,
(downhill and alpine),
As a country with a generally cool climate, Canada has enjoyed greater success at the
than at the , although significant regional variations in climate allow for a wide variety of both team and individual sports. Major
in Canada include the . Great achievements in Canadian sports are recognized by , while the
is awarded annually to Canada's top athlete by a panel of journalists. There are numerous other Sports Halls of Fames in Canada.
Main article:
The history of Canadian sport falls into five stages of development: early recreational activities before 1840; the start of organized competition, ; the emergence of national organizations, ; the rapid growth of both amateur and professional sports, 1914 to 1960; and developments of the last century
Some sports, especially hockey, lacrosse and curling enjoy an international reputation as particularly Canadian.
Main article:
governments are both actively involved in sports each has areas of jurisdiction which overlap sports.
generally directs (or at least co-ordinates) federal activity in sports. While the federal government generally tries to take a leadership role in areas of international competition (where its jurisdiction is clearest) some provinces, especially Quebec, are actively involved in sports at all levels, even with elite international athletes. Provinces will often focus on student athletics, as it falls more clearly in an area of provincial jurisdiction (that being education).
(CIS) is the national governing body for
sports, while the
sports. A factor which affects athletic participation levels in CIS member institutions is the CIS restriction that scholarships cover tuition only, drawing many of Canada's best student athletes to the
where organizations such as the
(NCAA) allow "full ride" scholarships which include tuition, books, housing, and travel. Another is the popular
(for male hockey players aged 15 to 20), which effectively serves as the primary development league for the professional , although CHL teams offer financial support for players who choose to play CIS hockey after leaving the CHL.
Since its founding, Canada's official sport was . In 1994,
groups objected to a government bill that proposed establishing ice hockey as Canada's national sport, arguing that it neglected recognition of the game of lacrosse, a uniquely Native contribution. In response, the
amended a bill "to recognize hockey as Canada's Winter Sport and lacrosse as Canada's Summer Sport," although lacrosse is played all year, in all seasons, indoor and outdoors. On May 12, 1994, the National Sports of Canada Act came into force with these designations.
Main articles:
The modern form of ice hockey began in Canada in the late 19th century, and is widely considered Canada's , with high levels of participation by children, men and women at various levels of competition. The , considered the premiere trophy in professional ice hockey, originated in Canada in 1893. Prominent trophies for national championships in Canada are the
for the top junior-age men's team and the
for the top men's senior team. There are national championships in several other divisions of play.
is the sport's official governing body in Canada and is a member of the
(IIHF). A Canadian national men's team, composed of professionals, competes in the annual IIHF Men's World Championship and in the Olympics.
In terms of spectators , which has seven teams in Canada: the , , , , , , and the . The Canadian NHL presence peaked with eight teams in the mid-1990s, before the
relocated to
in 1995 and a previous incarnation of the
relocated to
in 1996. The NHL returned to Winnipeg in 2011 when the Atlanta Thrashers relocated and became the current Jets. The league, founded in Canada, retains a substantial Canadian content as roughly half of its players are Canadian.
is a longtime national Saturday night
featuring Canadian NHL teams. Junior-age ice hockey is also a popular spectator sport. The junior-age
is broadcast nationally and its annual championship is a popular television event. The annual IIHF Men's Junior World Championship, played during December and January, is popular among Canadian television viewers and has been held in Canada numerous times due to its popularity.
Main article:
lacrosse game at .
The First Nations began playing the sport more than 500 years ago. Today lacrosse not only remains an integral part of native culture, but is played by tens of thousands of people across Canada and the north eastern United States. From its origin as 'The Creator's Game' to the overwhelming popularity of the Toronto Rock and the modern game, lacrosse has survived the test of time after treading down a long, controversial path that led it to become recognized as Canada's official national sport.
The , founded in 1925, is the governing body of lacrosse in Canada. It conducts national junior and senior championship tournaments for men and women in both field and box lacrosse. It also participated in the inaugural World Indoor Lacrosse Championship in 2003. The
is a professional
league, with franchises in Canada and the United States.
is a professional
league, with seven U.S. franchises and one Canadian franchise. The
was held in . Canada beat the United States 15-10 in the final to break a 28-year U.S. winning streak. One of the best lacrosse players of all time,
was born in
and has won every possible major lacrosse championship. Great achievements in Canadian Lacrosse are recognized by the .
Main article:
There are Canada-based teams in several top-level professional sports leagues.
Main article:
A match between
While , known as
in Canada in both English and French, has been played in the country since 1876, the Dominion of Canada Football Association was inaugurated on May 24, 1912, and initially became a member of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association on Dec. 31, 1912. Today, Canada's governing body for Association Football (both professional and amateur) is known as the Canadian Soccer Association.
Canada's annual professional competition is known as the . The five competing teams are , , , , and . The national champion qualifies for the
from which a confederation champion then qualifies for the annual .
In league competition, ,
all play in the USA-based . Meanwhile,
play in the USA-based .
Canada's best soccer players - male and female - play in professional leagues around the world. Players are called into the national program at different times of the year, primarily in conjunction with the FIFA International Calendar (when professional clubs are required to release players for national duty).
Canada's national teams compete in , the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football. Canada's national "A" team has won two CONCACAF championships: in 1985 to qualify for the
and in 2000 to qualify for the .
Canada's women's "A" team has also won two CONCACAF championships: in 1998 and 2010. The Canadian women have participated in five
(Sweden 1995, USA 1999, USA 2003, China 2007 and Germany 2011) and two Women's Olympic Football Tournaments (Beijing 2008 and London 2012), winning a bronze medal in London. Canada will also host the next FIFA Women's World Cup in . The country has also hosted four age-grade World Cups—the
(when the age limit was 16 instead of the current 17), the inaugural
(when the age limit was 19 instead of 20), the
in , and the U-20 Women's World Cup for a second time in .
Main article:
The world's first documented
game took place in
on June 4, 1838. Although more strongly associated with the United States, baseball has existed in Canada from the very beginning. The world's oldest baseball park still in operation is
in . It is home to the
of the semi-pro
baseball game at
in Toronto.
are Canada's only
team, founded in 1977. The
club played in Montreal from 1969 until 2004 when they moved to
and became the . The Blue Jays were the first non-American team to host a
Game (in 1992) and the only non-American team to win the World Series (back to back in 1992 and 1993). The Blue Jays had the highest attendance in Major League Baseball during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Professional baseball has a long history in Canada, beginning with teams such as the , , and
in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. All three were included on .
A number of
have played in the major leagues, and several have won the highest honours in baseball.
in 1971 as the best pitcher in the league, and in 1991 became the first Canadian inducted in the .
for the 1997 season and was the league's
3 times. Since 2000,
won the National League
was the first Canadian to be named
in 2004, and
(American League, 2006) and
(National League, 2010) have won MVP honours.
Canada participated in the 2006 , in which it upset Team USA in first-round play, which some people in Canada call the "Miracle on Dirt" (a play on the phrase "" for the 1980 U.S. Olympic Hockey team). There are a number of , semi-professional and collegiate baseball teams in Canada (see ). Great achievements in Canadian baseball are recognized by the .
Main article:
football game at .
In Canada, the term "football" is used to refer to a version of
with several significant rule differences from the version played in the USA, hence it is known as . The first documented football game was played at University College,
on November 9, 1861. One of the participants in the game involving University of Toronto students was (Sir) , later Chancellor of the school. A football club was formed at the university soon afterward, although its rules of play at this stage are unclear.
In 1864, at Trinity College, Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland and Frederick A. Bethune devised rules based on rugby football. However, modern Canadian football is widely regarded as having originated with a game of rugby played in Montreal, in 1865, when British Army officers played local civilians. The game gradually gained a following, and the Montreal Football Club was formed in 1868, the first recorded non-university football club in Canada.
(CFL), the sport's only professional league, and , the governing body for amateur play, trace their roots to 1884 and the founding of the Canadian Rugby Football Union. Currently active teams such as the
have similar longevity. The CFL's championship game, the , is the country's single largest sporting event and is watched by nearly one third of Canadian television households. The nine CFL teams are the , , , , , , , , and .
A packed ACC in a
game against the .
was invented by a Canadian named James Naismith while teaching in Massachusetts. Most of the players in that very first basketball game were students from Quebec. Basketball has been part of Canada's sporting landscape ever since.
(NBA) recognizes its first ever game as being a contest between the
on November 1, 1946. The NBA expanded into Canada in 1995 with the addition of the
and . The Grizzlies
in 2001, but the Raptors continue to draw healthy crowds at the . The 2005 and 2006 ,
and has played in international competitions for .
A record 13 Canadian players—10 born in the country, two naturalized, and one U.S.-born dual citizen—were on NBA rosters at the start of the . The Canadian-born players are:
(born and raised in )
(born in , raised in )
(born and raised in Brampton)
(born and raised in Toronto)
(born and raised in )
(born in Toronto, raised in Toronto and )
, Boston Celtics (born and raised in Toronto)
(born and raised in Mississauga)
(born and raised in Brampton)
, Minnesota Timberwolves (born in Toronto, raised in )
The naturalized Canadians are the -born Nash and the ' , born in
and raised in Montreal. The remaining Canadian,
of the Lakers, was born in
and Canadian mother and raised in North Vancouver.
saw two Canadians, both Toronto natives who moved from the city as children, selected in the first round. Bennett, who developed as a player in Brampton, became the first Canadian ever to be
when he was chosen by the Cavaliers. Later in the round, Olynyk, who moved to Kamloops after his father became athletic director at , was chosen by the
at #13 and immediately traded to the Celtics. This marked the first time two Canadians had been
picks in the same draft.
In , the draft saw two Canadians, also Toronto-area natives, selected in the top 10 for the first time. Wiggins, born in Toronto and raised in , a neighbourhood of Vaughan, was chosen first overall by the Cavaliers. Mississauga native Stauskas went to the
Canadian athletes are world-ranked in many amateur sports. These include the 'winter' sports of , , , , ,
and . In ice hockey, Canada supports national teams in under-20 and under-18 categories. In 'summer' sports, Canadians participate in , , ,
among most sports presented in the Summer Olympics. There are sports federations for most sports in Canada. Funding for amateur athletics is provided by governments, private companies and individual citizens through donation.
Main article:
Main article:
shoots at a
has very strong roots in Canada. The inventor, , was C born in , he was working as a physical education instructor in
when he created the game in 1891. As many as 10 of the players in that first game were Canadian students from Quebec.[]
Basketball is a popular sport in parts of Canada, especially in , , and more recently .
The popularity of basketball in Nova Scotia is at the high school and college level. Nova Scotia is home to three perennially strong college basketball programs. , , and
have made 22, 21, and 13 appearances in the , respectively.
has dominated the Canadian University championship in recent years, winning six titles in seven years from 2003 to 2009.
Four Canadian-born individuals have been
to the —Naismith and longtime
coach and instruc , who
over 1,500 U.S. college games, and , a superstar at the
in the early 1950s who went on to a career in the . Newell is also separately recognized by the Hall as the head coach of the , which
in overwhelming fashion and was inducted as a unit in 2010.
Main article:
Football in Canada has its origins in
beginning in the early 1860s, but, over time, a unique code known as
developed. The first documented football match was a game played at University College, University of Toronto on November 9, 1861. A football club was formed at the university soon afterwards, although its rules of play at this stage are unclear.
In 1864, at Trinity College, Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland and Frederick A. Bethune devised rules based on rugby football. However, modern Canadian football is widely regarded as having originated with a game of rugby played in Montreal, in 1865, when British Army officers played local civilians. The game gradually gained a following, and the Montreal Football Club was formed in 1868, the first recorded non-university football club in Canada.
This rugby-football soon became popular at Montreal's McGill University. McGill challenged Harvard University to a game, in 1874. The game grew in parallel from this point onward in the USA and Canada.
Canadian football is also played at the high school, junior, collegiate, and semi-professional levels: the
are for players aged 18–22, many post-secondary institutions compete in
for the , and senior leagues such as the
have grown in popularity in recent years. Great achievements in Canadian football are recognized by the
which is located in .
Main article:
in Canada is a fast-growing team and spectator sport. The governing body for the sport in the country is . The sport has been played in the country since 1989 when the first league was formed. The sport is quickly becoming popular with the
being the biggest outside of Australia. There are Canadian national teams with the
the men's team, and a women's national team both who regularly play international matches and play in the
which is essentially a World Cup for all countries apart from Australia which is the only place where the sport is played professionally. , a native of
and a former Canada Rugby International, became the first Canadian to play in the
when he was drafted by the
in 2008. Pyke went on to become the first Canadian to play on an AFL premier (championship-winning team) when the Swans won the
Main article:
While Canada is not sanctioned to play , the
does take part in
(ODI) matches (there are a few grounds in Canada that are sanctioned to host ODI's by the
or ICC) and also in first-class games (in the ICC Intercontinental Cup) against other non-Test-playing opposition, with the rivalry against the
being as strong in cricket as it is in other team sports. The match between these two nations is in fact the , having first been played in 1844. This international fixture even predates the Olympics by over 50 years.
The most famous Canadian cricketer is , who was born in Canada and participated in the
and 2011. At the 2003 World Cup, Davison hit the fastest
in tournament history against the
in what was ultimately a losing cause. In that World Cup he also smashed a half-century at a strike rate of almost 200 against . One year later, in the ICC Intercontinental Cup against the USA, he proved the difference between the two sides, taking 17
for 137 runs as well as scoring 84 runs of his own. In the
in the West Indies, Davison scored the second-fastest half-century against . Canada has participated in the
and 2007 . It also participated most recently in the .
Canada Senior Men's team qualified in April 2009 at the ICC World Cup qualifier held in South Africa to compete in 2011 World Cup, their third World Cup appearance in a row.
The 2005 .
is most popular in the
with the most competitive teams in recent years coming from the provinces of
and . However, curling has a degree of popularity across the country. For example, a team from Quebec, which is not a traditional hotbed of curling, won the
(national men's championship) in 2006. The
is the national women's championship. The
is the sport's nat great achievements are recognized by the .
Main articles:
began in the United States in 2007 and soon spread to Canada by coming to
in 2008. McGill soon went on to compete in the , making it to the quarterfinal before being knocked out by . Since then, the ,
and many other universities began creating teams and competing at national and international levels. The West saw a slower rate of expansion, with the
being the only Western team to date to ever send a team to the World Cup in 2011. However, the
both host highly competitive teams, and , BC is home to one of Canada's first community teams, and Alberta hosted its first provincial tournament wherein three teams participated: ,
and Central Alberta Quidditch. Today, there are more than 25 teams across five provinces, with many competing at the highest levels the sport has to offer. July 2014 will see a
represent Canada in Burnaby, BC at the , the second time Quidditch Canada has hosted a national team since 2012.
Main article:
Canada men's national team at the 2011
Canada has around 13,000 seniors and twice as many junior players spread across the country. Many of these come from Canada's rugby stronghold of
while also being strong in
and . The leading domestic competition is the
(ARC), a competition sponsored by the sport's world governing body, the , in which four regionally based Canadian teams take part in the opening phase, with the top two teams advancing to a four-team playoff with teams from Argentina and the United States. When the ARC was established in 2009, the sport's domestic governing body, , scrapped its previous national competition, the , in favour of a new national under-20 league, the . Also in 2009, Rugby Canada entered into a partnership with the
by which the new Welsh regional side , created to develop the sport in , would also include a number of young Canadian players.
have competed in every
to date, yet have only won one match each tournament with the exception of the 1991 tournament where they reached the quarter finals and the 2007 tournament when their best result was a draw against Japan in the group stage.
Highlights include famous victories over
and , and regular wins over their North American neighbours, the . Known for their trademark "hard nosed" style of play, many Canadian players play their trade professionally in English and French leagues.
Main article:
(soccer) has been played in Canada since 1876, the Dominion of Canada Football Association was inaugurated on May 24, 1912, and initially became a member of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association on Dec. 31, 1912. Today, Canada's governing body for Association Football (both professional and amateur) is known as the Canadian Soccer Association.
Soccer is the highest participation sport in Canada, with 847,616 registered players (according to the Canada Soccer 2012 Yearbook). Male/female participation is split roughly 59/41 percent. There are 1,456 clubs in 139 districts across 12 regions (provincial and territory member associations).
Canada's annual amateur competition is known as the National Championships. Senior men's teams play for
while senior women's teams play for . The men's national competition was first played in 1913, with the trophy (Connaught Cup) donated by Canadian Governor-General, the . The women's national competition was first played in 1982.
The Canadian Soccer Association's annual National Championships also feature competitions at the U-18, U-16 and U-14 levels. At all levels, clubs qualify for the National Championships through their respective provincial championships.
From 1967 to 1988, Canada's best men's amateur footballers also participated in Olympic Qualifying tournaments (although in the 1980s a number of those players were indeed professional). Canada qualified as host of the Montréal 1976 Olympics and then again for the Los Angeles 1984 Olympics (where it finished fifth overall). Since the early 1990s, the Men's Olympic Qualifying tournaments have featured U-23 footballers (with a mix of professional and amateur/university players).
At the St. Louis 1904 Olympics, Canada won the gold medal in Association Football. The Canadian team was represented by Galt FC of Ontario.
Main articles:
Australia vs Canada, ultimate players at the 2012 WUGC in Japan.
In Canada, organized disc sports began in the early 1970s, with promotional efforts from
(Frisbee distributor in Canada), the , Toronto (1972–85) and professionals using
show tours to perform at universities, fairs and sporting events. Disc sports such as , , ,
became this sports first events. Two sports, the team sport of
are very popular worldwide and are now being played semi-professionally. The , , and the Freestyle Players Association are the rules and sanctioning organizations for flying disc sports worldwide.
is the rules and sanctioning organization for disc ultimate in Canada.
played with a . The object of the game is to score points by passing the disc to members of your own team, on a rectangular field, 120 yards (110m) by 40 yards (37m), until you have successfully completed a pass to a team member in the opposing teams end zone. In the 1970s,
introduced , along with other disc sports, North of the 49th parallel at the
and by starting the .
(CUC) were held, for the open division, in Ottawa 1987, produced by Marcus Brady and Brian Guthrie.
subsequently hosted the , 2002 and 2011 Canadian Ultimate Championships.
Canada has been ranked number one in the Ultimate World Rankings several times since 1998 in all the Ultimate Divisions (including Open and Women's) according to the .
In 2013, as a founding partner, the Toronto
Club presented Canada's first semi-professional
team the ,
(AUDL). They finished their first season undefeated 18-0 and won the AUDL Championships. The
(AUDL) and
(MLU) are the first semi-professional ultimate leagues.
In 2014, the
joined the AUDL. In 2015, the
became the fourth Canadian team to compete in the AUDL, of 26 teams in total.
Main article:
auto race had been conducted every year since 1967, and since 1978 had been held at the
in , apart from 2009 when the race was not on the FIA calendar for one year. The track was named for Canada's first Grand Prix driver, the late , whose son, , won the
Several Canadians have starred in , most notably , who won the 1995 CART championship and
before moving to Formula One, and , who captured the 2003 CART title and collected 31 race wins. Races were held in
road courses and in street circuits in , ,
and . In 2008, Champ Car merged with its long-time rival, the , under the banner of the latter body's top series, the . The Edmonton was transferred over to the new series immediately, and the Toronto event was added for .
(the Canadian Association for Stock Car Auto Racing) was the country's governing body for amateur and professional
racing, and the
was the highest-level stock car racing series in the country. In 2006,
purchased CASCAR and rebranded the Super S nevertheless, the series remains Canada's top-level stock car racing circuit. In 2007 the
was formed.
Because Canada is NASCAR's largest market outside the , NASCAR brought the
Busch Series (now ) race to Circuit Gilles Villeneuve in 2007. The race remained on the schedule until being discontinued after the 2012 season. Beginning the next year, NASCAR brought the
to Mosport with the .
Canadians have combined to win 53 races in American Championship Car Racing (Including 1 Indianapolis 500), 17 races in Formula 1 and 7 races in NASCAR's top 3 divisions (1 in the ).
Main articles:
The sport of
takes several forms in Canada, including
and , but most notably Canada has its own version: , which was invented circa 1909 by
in , at his Toronto Bowling Club, in response to customers who complained that the ten-pin game was too strenuous. He cut five tenpins down to about 75% of their size, and used hand-sized hard rubber balls, thus inventing the original version of five-pin bowling. Five-pin is played in all parts of Canada, but not played in any other country.
is played at several centres in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.
Main article:
The sport of
has a long history in Canada. Canada has produced several world champions, including heavyweights
and . Boxing is generally learned in independent gyms, located in most large Canadian cities. Canadian boxers compete in the Olympic Games and often then turn professional.
Main article:
is a widely enjoyed recreational sport in Canada, and the country boasts several highly rated courses. , historically the Royal Canadian Golf Association, is the governing organization, and has over 1,600 associated member clubs and over 300,000 individual members. Golf Canada also conducts the only
tour events in Canada, and it also manages the . , formerly known as the "Peter Jackson Tour" and "Canadian Professional Golf Tour" (or Canadian Tour), owned and operated by the PGA Tour since late 2012, operates an organization that runs a series of tournaments for professional players. In its first season under PGA Tour operation in 2013, it held a qualifying school in California, and followed it with nine tournaments in Canada. The 2014 season saw significant expansion. Three qualifying schools were held—one in California, another in Florida, and finally in British Columbia. The BC qualifier was followed by a series of 12 tournaments, all in Canada. The top five money-winners on the tour earn full membership in the following season of the PGA Tour's second-level .
, becoming the first Canadian man to win one of golf's . The first Canadian to win any recognized major championship was , winner of the
in 1968. From 1979 through 2000, the du Maurier Classic (now known as the ) was one of the LPGA's four .
Main article:
has increased its participation in the past few years. Several new genres of the sport have become popular in Canada, including , , , , and . With the sport increasing bikes have also increased in quality and durability.
in Canada is very popular both as a recreational and as a competitive sport, and takes a variety of forms, reflecting Canada's diverse and multicultural makeup. At the middle, high school and collegiate level there is a broad-based varsity participation in
and . Outside of schools among the general population, the dominant forms of wrestling are , ,
and . Each of these forms of wrestling was brought to Canada from abroad both by coaches who immigrated to Canada from elsewhere and by students of the sport who studied it overseas and carried enthusiasm for the sport back with them when they returned. Examples of famous Canadian wrestlers among these various wrestling sports are such as
and . Canada has a strong showing on the international scene, at world championships and at the Olympics in all these wrestling sports.
MMA is a young and growing sport in Canada,[] which has produced several notable fighters in the UFC and other promotions. Canada is the home of former UFC Welterweight Champion .
Main article:
are a part of Canada's cultural heritage. Canadians enjoy participating in the various disciplines that make up this broad sport.
At the recreational level individuals and families can be found across the nation improving their marksmanship skills at various private and public .
is also a popular activity due to Canada's vast wilderness and pioneer past.
At the competitive level, many Canadians train in
events. There are also a variety of other competitive shooting sports that operate provincially, nationally and internationally through their respective organizations.
Main article:
The Japanese martial art
has been practised in Canada for nearly a century. The first Judo
in Canada, Tai Iku Dojo, was established in
in 1924 by . Today, an estimated 30,000 Canadians participate in Judo programs in approximately 400 clubs across Canada.
Canadians have won five Olympic medals in Judo since it was added to the Summer games in 1964.
won silver in the +80 kg category in 1964,
won bronze in the +95 kg category in 1984,
won bronze in the 86 kg category in 1992 and silver in the 100 kg category in 2000, and
won bronze in the -81 kg category in 2012. The Canadian Judo team trains at the National Training Centre in Montreal under Gill's direction.
Runners at the 2001
, Olympic gold medallist in .
, multiple medallist at both the Summer and Winter .
with Canadian participation, or that have taken place in Canada, are the , , , , , and the . Others include the , the , and the .
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The Canada Games is a high-level
with held every two years in , alternating between the Canada Winter Games and the Canada Summer Games. Athletes are strictly amateur only, and represent their . Since their inception, the Canada Games have played a prominent role in developing some of Canada's premier athletes, including , , , , , ,
and . The Games were first held in 1967 in
as part of Canada's
celebrations. Similar events are held on the provincial level, such as the annual .
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Canada is one of only six nations to have attended every Commonwealth Games, and hosted the
in . Canada also hosted the
in , and the
in . Canada ranks third in the .
had been nominated as Canada's selection to host the
before it withdrew its bid due to unacceptably high cost projections.
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Canada has competed at every , except for the
. Canada has previously hosted the games three times, at the
in , and the
At the , the majority of Canada's medals come from the sports of ,
and /. In the post-boycott era (since ), Canada's medal total ranks 19th in the world, with the highest rank of 11th in
and the lowest of 24th in .
At the , Canada is usually one of the top nations in terms of medals won. Canada is traditionally strong in the sports of ,
(especially the
variation),
and every Canadian men's and women's
teams have won medals since the sport was added to the Olympic program.
After Canada failed to win any
at the 1976 Summer and 1988 Winter games, several organizations including
collaborated to launch "", a development program to help Canada earn the most . Canada did not win the most total medals at the Vancouver Olympics (they finished third, behind the , whose 37 total medals was the most of any country at a single Winter Olympics, and , with 26), but did win the most gold medals, with 14, the most of any country at a single Winter Olympics.
in Calgary, founded 1994, is the first Canadian
designed exclusively for Olympic-calibre athletes.
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Canada has participated in each of the Pan American Games since the
of the games, held in Mexico City in 1955. The fifth games took place in Winnipeg in , Canada's Centennial year. Winnipeg hosted again in . Toronto has been selected as the host city for the , which will be held in July, 2015 in venues located in Toronto and .
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Major television broadcasters of sports in Canada include the , ,
(RDS), , and . A
outbid CBC for the broadcast rights to the
and . Major national weekly sports broadcasts include
and . There are
stations in most major Canadian cities as well as on .
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[National Sports of Canada Act ]
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Goldpaper, Sam. .
(Press release). National Basketball Association. October 29, . Note that Samuel Dalembert is listed here under his birth country of Haiti.
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Strapagiel, Lauren (November 10, 2013). . O Canada 2014.
Marmer, Andy (November 9, 2013). . IQA Quidditch 2014.
LaFrance, Jamie (April 5, 2014). . IQA World Cup Quidditch 2014.
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Black, Alan (July 6, 2012). . Bleacher Report 2014.
. WFDF Official Website 2013.
. History of the Flying Disc 2013.
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. AUDL Official Website 2013.
. Hall of Fame Ken Westerfield 2013.
. World Flying Disc Federation 2013.
. History of Ultimate 2013.
. C5pba.ca. .
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. Vernon Judo Club Website 2012.
. Judo Canada Website 2012.
. Judo Canada Website 2012.
Beers, William George (1869). . Dawson Brothers
Culin, Stewart (1975). . Courier Dover Publications. pp.&#160;846 pages. &#160;.
Hall, M. Ann (2002), , Broadview Press
Hart, C Jean Harvey (1988). . University of Ottawa Press. &#160;
Leonardo, Tony and Zagoria, Adam co-authored
publ. by Ultimate History, Inc., 2005,
Metcalfe, Alan. Canada Learns To Play: The Emergence of Organized Sport,
Mooney, Maggie (2010). . Greystone Books. &#160;
Morrow, Don, and Kevin B. Wamsley. Sport in Canada: A History (2nd ed. pp
O'Brien, Steve (2005). . Lulu Press. &#160;
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