I’i m looking forwardd to _________ (receive) your letter soon.

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>>>As she is looking forward to_____ from me, please remember _..
As she is looking forward to_____ from me, please remember ______this letter on your way to school.
A. post B. to post C. posting D. be hearing;to posting
题型:单选题难度:中档来源:0101
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据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“As she is looking forward to_____ from me, please remember _..”主要考查你对&&动名词,不定式&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
动名词不定式
动名词概念:
动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰,动名词有时态和语态的变化。现在分词和动名词用法比较:
动词的-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词两种形式。他们的句法功能如下:动词的-ing形式如果作句子的主语或者宾语时,应该是动名词形式;如果作补语或者状语时,应该是现在分词形式。那么作表语或者定语的动名词和现在分词又该怎样区分呢? 1、动名词与现在分词作表语时的比较:(1)动名词作表语说明主语的内容,回答what的问题;现在分词作表语相当于形容词作表语,说明主语的性质、特征等,回答how的问题。如:One of the best exercises is swimming. 游泳是最好的运动项目之一。&&&&&&&& What pleases him most is bathing in the sea. 最使他高兴的事是在海中沐浴。&&&&&&&&&The situation both at home and abroad is very in-spiring. 国内外的形势都很鼓舞人心。 &&&&&&& The color is pleasing to the eye. 颜色悦目。 (2)动名词作表语,表语和主语几乎处于同等地位,可以互换位置,其句意不变;现在分词作表语,表语和主语则不能互换位置。如:Our work is serving the people.&&&&& (=Serving the people is our work.)我们的工作是为人民服务。&&&&&&&&&The news was disappointing. 那消息令人失望。 (3)作表语的现在分词前可以用very,quite,rather,greatly等副词修饰,而动名词则不可以。如:What he said was very encouraging. 他的话很鼓舞人心。 &&&&&&& Our goal is realizing the four modernizations in the near future. 我们的目标是在不久的将来实现四个现代化。 (4)现在分词与形容词一样可以和more,the most构成形容词的比较级和最高级,而动名词则不可以。如:The story is the most fascinating. 那个故事最迷人。 (5)作表语用的现在分词除了和be连用以外,还可以和其它的系动词连用;而作表语的动名词则通常只能和be连用。如:His speech seems inspiring.他的演讲似乎很鼓舞人心。 &&&&&&& His interest is writing for the news papers. 他的爱好是给报社写文章。 (6)有些用作表语的现在分词已经形容词化了。常见的有:exciting,moving,inspiring,missing,interesting,disappointing等。 2、动名词与现在分词作定语时的比较:(1)动名词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系;现在分词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系,常可以扩展成一个定语从句。如:a swimming girl=a girl who is swimming 一个在游泳的姑娘 &&&&&&& a walking stick=a stick that is used for walking 一根拐杖 (2)现在分词作定语有时可以后置,而动名词则通常只能放在它所修饰的名词之前。如:The girl wearing glasses is one of his students. 戴眼镜的那个女孩是他的一个学生。 &&&&&&& I bought some reading materials. 我买了一些阅读材料。 &动名词的用法:
1、作主语:例如:Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。 2、作宾语:  a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如:admit承认 appreciate感激 avoid避免 complete完成 consider认为 delay耽误 deny否认 detest讨厌 endure忍受 enjoy喜欢 escape逃脱 fancy想象 finish完成 imagine想象 mind介意 miss想念 postpone推迟 practice训练 recall回忆 resent讨厌 resume继续 resist抵抗 risk冒险 suggest建议 face面对 include包括 stand忍受 understand理解 forgive宽恕 keep继续例如:Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点,好吗?&&&&&   The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很,刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。     b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如:admit to &prefer...to& &burst out& &keep on&& insist on&& count on&& set about&& put off&& be good at&& take up&& give up&& be successful in& &be used to& &lead to& devote oneself to&& object to &stick to& no good&& no use be fond of& &look forward to& be proud of&& be busy& &can't help &be tired of&& be capable of&& be afraid of& &think of3、作表语,对主语说明、解释:例如:Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。比较:She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 4、作定语,一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途:例如:a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台 &&&&&&&&&&& a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池有些动名词作定语,与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如:boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点 &&&&&&&&&&& a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机动名词知识体系:
&动名词与不定式用法对比:
&动词不定式的概念:
动词不定式指由to加上动词原形(而且只能是动词原形)所构成的一种非限定性动词,但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。不定式的特殊句型对比:
1、不定式的特殊句型too…to…: 1)too…to 太…以至于…。例如:He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了,说不出话来。 &&&&&&&&&—Can I help you? 需要我帮忙吗? &&&&&&& —Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carryi t, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重,恐怕你搬不动。谢谢。 2)如在too前有否定词,则整个句子用否定词表达肯定,too后那个词表达一种委婉含义,意为“不太”。例如:It's never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。(谚语) 3)当too前面有only, all, but时,意思是:非常…等于very。例如:I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 能帮助你我非常高兴。  &&&&&&&&&&& He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。 2、不定式的特殊句型so as to:1)表示目的:它的否定式是so as not to do。例如:Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job. 汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。   &&&&&&&&&&& Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 轻点进去,别惊醒了婴儿。 2)表示结果:例如:Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾,现在几点了。 3、不定式的特殊句型:Why not: “Whynot+动词原形”表达向某人提出建议,翻译为:为什么不……?&& 干吗不……?例如:Why not take a holiday?不定式的用法:
1、不定式作补语:1)有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如:advise allow cause challenge command compel drive驱使 enable encourage forbid force impel induce instruct invite like/love order permit make let have want get warn persuade request send tell train urge 等。例如:Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。       &&&&&&&&&&& The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。注意:有些动词如make,have,get,want等可用不定式作做宾补,也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动,也表达正在进行,过去分词表达被动。 2)有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构,不定式的动词往往是be,不定式一般可以省去。例如:consider find believe think declare(声称) appoint guess fancy(设想) guess judge imagine know 等。 例如:We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。&&&&&&&&&&&&&We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。(tobe不能省去)典型例题:Charles Babbage is generally considered___the first computer. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& A. to invent &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. inventing &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. to have invented &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. having invented 答案:C. 一般没有consider+宾语+be以外不定式的结构,也没有consider+宾语+doing的结构,排除A、B、D。consider用动词be以外的不定式作宾补时,一般要求用不定式的完成式,故选C。 3)有些动词可以跟there+to be的结构。例如:believe expect intend like love mean prefer want wish understand 等。例如:We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。 &&&&&&&&&&& You wouldn't want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。 2、不定式作主语:不定式作主语,往往用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。 例如:It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 &&&&&&&&&&& It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。  &&&&&&&&&&& It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。  &&&&&&&&&&& It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。3、不定式作表语:不定式可放在be动词后面,形成表语。例如:My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。  &&&&&&&&&&& His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。 4、不定式作定语:不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后,往往表示未发生的动作。例如:I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。   &&&&&&&&&&& There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上(他回家时)两手空空。 5、不定式作状语:1)目的状语:常用结构为to do,only to do(仅仅为了), in order to do,so as to do,so(such)...asto…(如此…以便…)。例如:He ran so&fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。   &&&&&&&&&&& I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 2)作结果状语,可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果,不定式要放在句子后面。 例如:I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。   &&&&&&&&&&& He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间,没发现什么。 3)表原因:例如:I'm glad to see you.& 见到你很高兴。 &&&&&&&&&&& She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。 4)表示理由和条件: 例如:He must be a fool to say so. &&&&&&&&&&& You will do well to speak more carefully.&&&&&&&&&&& You will do well to speak more carefully. 不定式知识体系:
&不定式用法拓展:
1、用作介词的to:to可以用作介词,也可用作不定式的标示。下面的to都用作介词:admit to& object to& beaccus to& med to& beused to& stick to& turn to开始 look forward to& be devoted to& pay attention to &contribute to apologize to devote oneself to 2、省去to的动词不定式: 1)情态动词(除ought外)后。 2)使役动词let,have,make后,感官动词see, watch, lookat, notice, observe, hear, listento, smell, feel, find等后。注意:被动语态中不能省去to。例如:I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。=He was seen to dance.   &&&&&&&&&& The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night. 3)would rather,had better句型后: 4)Why…/why not…句型后:5)help后可带to,也可不带to, help sb(to)do sth: 6)but和except后:but前是实义动词do时,后面出现的不定式不带to。比较:He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。   &&&&&&&&&&& He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药,他什么都信。 7)由and, or和than连接的两个不定式,第二个to可以省去: 8)通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时,可以省去to be。例如:He is supposed(to be)nice. 他应该是个好人。 3、动词不定式的否定式在不定式标志to前加上not。例如:Tell him not to shut the window。让他别关窗。  &&&&&&&&&&& She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候,她假装没看见。4、It's for sb. 和It's of sb. 这样的句子中,由于表语形容词性质的不同,导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。 1)for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:例如:It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2)of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格,品德,心智能力,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如:It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。用for还是用of的另一种辨别方法:用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果通顺用of,不通则用for。例如:You are nice.(通顺,所以应用of)。  &&&&&&&&&&&&He is hard.(非所表达的意思,不通,因此用for。)
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