Python中内置的NotImplemented类型 - Python - 伯乐在线
& Python中内置的NotImplemented类型
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它是什么？
&&& type(NotImplemented)
&type 'NotImplementedType'&
是Python在内置命名空间中的六个常数之一。其他有 、、、 和 。和 很像， 能被重新赋值（覆盖）。对它赋值，甚至改变属性名称， 不会产生 SyntaxError。所以它不是一个真正的“真”常数。当然，我们应该永远不改变它。 但是为了完整性：
&&& None = 'hello'
SyntaxError: can't assign to keyword
&&& NotImplemented
NotImplemented
&&& NotImplemented = 'do not'
&&& NotImplemented
'do not'
它有什么用？什么时候用？
是个特殊值，它能被二元特殊方法返回（比如、、、等），表明某个类型没有像其他类型那样实现这些操作。同样，它或许会被原地处理（in place）的二元特殊方法返回（比如、等）。还有，它的实际值为True：
&&& bool(NotImplemented)
你也许会问自己，“但我认为当这个操作没有实现时，我应该产生个”。我们会看些例子，关于为什么当实现二元特殊方法时不是这么回事儿。
让我们看看常数的用法，通过对于两个非常基本（且没用）的类 A 和 B 的编码。[对于这个简单的例子，为了避免干扰，不会实现，但是总的说来，每次实现时，也应该被实现，除非，有个足够充分的理由去不实现它。]
# example.py
class A(object):
def __init__(self, value):
self.value = value
def __eq__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, A):
print('Comparing an A with an A')
return other.value == self.value
if isinstance(other, B):
print('Comparing an A with a B')
return other.value == self.value
print('Could not compare A with the other class')
return NotImplemented
class B(object):
def __init__(self, value):
self.value = value
def __eq__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, B):
print('Comparing a B with another B')
return other.value == self.value
print('Could not compare B with the other class')
return NotImplemented
现在，在解释器中：
&&& from example import A, B
&&& a1 = A(1)
&&& b1 = B(1)
我们现在可以实验下对于 __eq__() 不同的调用，看看发生了什么。作为提醒，在Python中，a == b会调用a.__eq__(b)：
&&& a1 == a1
Comparing an A with an A
正如所望，a1等于a1（自己），使用类A中的__eq__()来进行这个比较的。比较b1和它自己也会产生类似结果：
&&& b1 == b1
Comparing a B with another B
现在，那要是我们比较a1和b1呢？由于在A的__eq__()会检查other是不是B的一个实例，我们想要a1.__eq__(b1)去处理这个比较并返回True：
&&& a1 == b1
Comparing an A with a B
就是这样。现在，如果我们比较b1和a1（即调用b1.__eq__(a1)），我们会想要返回。这是因为B的__eq__()只和其他B的实例进行比较。来看看发生了什么：
&&& b1 == a1
Could not compare B against the other class
Comparing an A with a B
聪明！b1.__eq__(a1)方法返回，这样会导致调用A中的__eq__()方法。而且由于在A中的__eq__()定义了A和B之间的比较，所以就得到了正确的结果（True）。
这就是返回了的所做的。告诉运行时，应该让其他对象来完成某个操作。在表达b1 == a1中，b1.__eq__(a1)返回了，这说明Python试着用a1.__eq__(b1)。由于a1足够可以返回True，因此这个表达可以成功。如果A中的__eq__()也返回，那么运行时会退化到使用内置的比较行为，即比较对象的标识符（在CPython中，是对象在内存中的地址）。
注意：如果在调用b1.__eq__(a1)时抛出，而不进行处理，就会中断代码的执行。而无法抛出，仅仅是用来进一步测试是否有其他方法可供调用。
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You are not a beautiful and unique snowflake. You are the same decaying organic matter as everyone else, and we are all a part of the same compost pile.
—Tyler Durden
is a 1996 novel by . The plot is based around an unnamed protagonist who struggles with his growing discomfort with consumerism and changes in the state of masculinity in American culture. In an attempt to overcome this, he creates an underground fighting club as a radical form of psychotherapy.
directed film, see .
Tyler gets me a job as a waiter, after that Tyler's pushing a gun in my mouth and saying, the first step to eternal life is you have to die.
"This isn't really death," Tyler says, "We'll be legend. We won't grow old."
I tongue the barrel into my cheek and say, Tyler, you're thinking of vampires.
You do the little job you're trained to do.
"Pull a lever.
"Push a button.
"You don't understand any of it, and then you just die.
We have a sort of triangle thing going on here. I want Tyler. Tyler wants Marla. Marla wants me.
Where would Jesus be if no one had written the gospels?
Crying is right at hand in the smothering dark, closed inside someone else, when you see how everything you can ever accomplish will end up as trash.
This is when I'd cry because right now, your life comes down to nothing, and not even nothing, oblivion.
It's easy to cry when you realize that everyone you love will reject you or die. On a long enough time line, the survival rate for everyone will drop to zero.
This was therapeutic physical contact, Chloe said. we should all choose a partner. Chloe threw herself around my head and cried. She had strapless underwear at home, and cried. Chloe had oils and handcuffs, and cried as I watched the second hand on my watch go around eleven times.
This is how it is with insomnia. Everything is so far away, a copy of a copy of a copy. The insomnia distance of everything, you can't touch anything and nothing can touch you.
Strangers with this kind of honesty make me grow a big rubbery one, if you know what I mean.
This was freedom. Losing all hope was freedom.
This is your life, and it's ending one minute at a time.
If I could wake up in a different place, at a different time, could I wake up as a different person?
One minute was enough, Tyler said, a person had to work hard for it, but a minute of perfection was worth the effort. A moment was the most you could ever expect from perfection.
One day you're thinking and hauling yourself around, and the next, you're cold fertilizer, worm buffet.
I used to work in a funeral home to feel good about myself, just the fact I was breathing.
"Funerals are nothing compared to this," Marla says. "Funerals are all abstract ceremony. Here, you have the real experience of death."
I wasn't the only slave to my nesting instinct. The people I know who used to sit in the bathroom with pornography, now they sit in the bathroom with their IKEA furniture catalogue.
You buy furniture. You tell yourself, this is the last sofa I will ever need in my life. Buy the sofa, then for a couple years you're satisfied that no matter what goes wrong, at least you've got your sofa issue handled. Then the right set of dishes. Then the perfect bed. The drapes. The rug.
Then you're trapped in your lovely nest, and the things you used to own, now they own you.
Tyler said, "I want you to hit me as hard as you can."
You can swallow about a pint of blood before you're sick.
The first rule about fight club is you don't talk about fight club.
The second rule about fight club is you don't talk about fight club.
Maybe self-improvement isn't the answer.
Tyler never knew his father.
Maybe self-destruction is the answer.
What you see at fight club is a generation of men raised by women.
My father never went to college so it was really important I go to college. After college, I called him long distance and said, now what?
My dad didn't know, so he said get a job.
When I got a job and turned twenty-five, long distance, I said, now what? My dad didn't know, so he said, get married.
I'm a thirty-year-old boy, and I'm wondering if another woman is really the answer I need.
Fight club isn't about winning or losing fights. Fight club isn't about words.
You see a guy come to fight club for the first time, and his ass is a loaf of white bread. You see this same guy here six months later, and he looks carved out of wood.
There's hysterical shouting in tongues like at church, and when you wake up Sunday afternoon you feel saved.
Nothing was solved when the fight was over, but nothing mattered.
"Only if we're caught and punished can we be saved.
"And I wasn't the only slave to my nesting instinct. The people I know who used to sit in the bathroom with pornography, now they sit in the bathroom with their Ikea furniture catalogue." p.43
"The girl is infectious human waste, and she's confused and afraid to commit to the wrong thing so she won't commit to anything." p.61
"Ever since college, I make friends. They get married. I lose friends."
"I just don't want to die without a few scars, I say. It's nothing anymore to have a beautiful stock body. You see those cars that are completely stock cherry, right out of a dealer's showroom in 1955, I always think, what a waste." p.39
"Everyone smiles with that invisible gun to their head." p.19
"Love & life belongs to great risk."
Raymond K. K. Hessel, your dinner is going to taste better than any meal you've ever eaten, and tomorrow will be the most beautiful day of your entire life. p.155
"One minute, Robert Paulson was the warm center that the light of the world crowded around, and the next moment, Robert Paulson was an object. After the police shot, the amazing miracle of death." p. 177
"May I never be complete. May I never be content. May I never be perfect. Deliver me Tyler from being perfect and complete." p.46
"Nothing is static. Everything is falling apart. I know this because Tyler knows this."
"Under and behind and inside everything the man took for granted, something horrible had been growing."
"At the time, my life just seemed too complete, and maybe we have to break everything to make something better out of ourselves."
"For thousands of years, human beings had screwed up and trashed and crapped on this planet, and now history expected me to clean up after everyone. I have to wash out and flatten my soup cans, and account for every drop of used motor oil. And I have to foot the bill for nuclear waste and burned gasoline tanks and landfilled toxic sludge dumped a generation before I was born."
"I wanted to breathe smoke. ...
I wanted to burn the Louvre. I'd do the Elgin Marbles with a sledgehammer and wipe my ass with the Mona Lisa. This is my world, now.
This is my world, my world, and those ancient people are dead." p.124
I've met God across his long walnut desk with his diplomas hanging on the wall behind him, and God asks me, "Why?"
Why did I cause so much pain?
Didn't I realize that each of us is a sacred, unique snowflake of special unique specialness?
Can't I see that we're all manifestations of love?
I look at God behind his desk, taking notes on a pad, but God's got this all wrong.
We are not special.
We are not crap or trash either. We just are.
We just are, and what happens just happens.
And God says, "No, that's not right."
Yeah. Well. Whatever. You can't teach God anything. p.207
"What's worse? Hell or nothing?"
"That old saying, you always kill the one you love, well look, it works both ways." p.184
"There are a lot of things we don't want to know about the people we love."
"If you could either be God's worst enemy or nothing, which would you choose?"
"What Tyler says about the crap and the slaves of history, that's how I felt. I wanted to destroy something beautiful I'd never have. Burn the Amazon rain forests. Pump chlorofluorocarbons straight up to gobble the ozone. Open the dump valves on supertankers and uncap offshore oil wells. I wanted to kill all the fish I couldn't afford to eat, and smother the French beaches I'd never see. I wanted the whole world to hit bottom. Pounding that kid, I really wanted to put a bullet between the eyes of every endangered panda that wouldn't screw to save its species and every whale or dolphin that gave up and ran itself aground." p.123
"The cancer I don't have is everywhere now." p.106
To warm her up, to make her laugh, I tell Marla about the woman in Dear Abby who married a handsome successful mortician and on their wedding night, he made her soak in a tub of ice water until her skin was freezing to the touch, and then made her lie in bed completely still while he had intercourse with her cold inert body.
The funny thing is this woman had done this as a newlywed, and gone on to do it for the next ten years of marriage and now she was writing to Dear Abby to ask if Abby thought it meant something. p.106
"Everything is a copy of a copy of a copy."
"Getting fired [...] is the best thing that could happen to any of us. That way, we'd quit treading water and do something with our lives." p.74
"Forget her, she's a predator posing as house pet."
"I'm breaking my attachment to physical power and possessions, because only through destroying myself can I discover the greater power of my spirit."
"You have to see [...] how the first soap was made of heroes."
Think about the animals used in product testing.
Think about the monkeys shot into space.
"Without their death, their pain, without their sacrifice [...] we would have nothing." p.78
"Sticking feathers up your butt [...] does not make you a chicken." p.60
"This..is a chemical burn. It will hurt worse than you've ever been burned and you will have a scar." p.73
"Yep, with enough soap, you could blow up the whole world." p.73
"Maybe self-improvement isn't the answer, maybe self-destruction is the answer." p.49
"It's only after you've lost everything, that you're free to do anything."
"Disaster is a natural part of my evolution, toward tragedy and dissolution."
"The liberator who destroys my property, is fighting to save my spirit. The teacher who clears all possessions from my path will set me free." p.110
"You are not a beautiful or unique snowflake. You are the same decaying organic matter as everyone else, and we are all a part of the same compost pile."
"Recycling and speed-limits are bullshit. They're like someone who quits smoking on his deathbed."pg 125
"Generations have been working in jobs they hate, just so they can buy shit they don't really need."
"I want to have your abortion."
"You're such a nutcase, I can't even begin to keep up."
"I embrace my own festering diseased corruption." p.65
"You know, the condom is the glass slipper of our generation. You slip it on when you meet a stranger. You dance all night then you throw it away. The condom, I mean. Not the stranger." p.66
"At the store, they have 100% recycled toilet paper. The worst job in the world must be recycling toilet paper."
"I knew this would happen. You're such a flake. You love me. You ignore me. You save my life, then you cook my mother into soap."
Marla shouts to the police that the girl who lives in 8G used to be a lovely charming girl, but the girl is a monster bitch monster. The girl is infectious human waste, and she's confused and afraid to commit to the wrong things so she won't commit to anything.
"The girl in 8G has no faith in herself," Marla shouts, "and she's worried that as she grows older, she'll have fewer and fewer options." Marla shouts, "Good luck." p.61
"The First Rule of Project Mayhem is you do not ask questions. The Second Rule of Project Mayhem is you do not ask questions. The Third Rule of Project Mayhem is that in Project Mayhem there are no excuses. The Fourth Rule of Project Mayhem is that you cannot lie. The Fifth Rule of Project Mayhem is you have to trust Tyler."
“Burn the Louvre,” the mechanic says, “and wipe your ass with the Mona Lisa. This way at least, God would know our names.” p 134
"You are not a beautiful and unique snowflake. You are the same decaying organic matter as everyone else, and we are all part of the same compost pile."
"If you don't know what you want," the doorman said, "you end up with a lot you don't."
"'What you have to consider,' he [the mechanic] says, 'is the possibility that God doesn't like you. Could be, God hates us. This is not the worst thing that can happen.'
How Tyler saw it was that getting God's attention for being bad was better than getting no attention at all. Maybe because God's hate is better than His indifference." p 134
"The mechanic says, 'If you’re male and you’re Christian and living in America, your father is your model for God. And if you never know your father, if your father bails out or dies or is never at home, what do you believe about God?'"
"Fuck that shit, Maybe you're my schizophrenic hallucination.
I was here first.
Tyler says, "Yeah, yeah, yeah, well let's just see who's here last."
"I am trash," Tyler said. "I am trash and shit and crazy to you and this whole fucking world,"Tyler said to the union president. "You don't care where I live or how I feel, or what I eat or how I feed my kids or how I pay the doctor if I get sick, and yes I am stupid and bored and weak, but I am still your responsibility."
Parts of Fight Club have always been true. It’s less a novel than an anthology of my friends’ lives. I do have insomnia and wander with no sleep for weeks. Angry waiters I know mess with food. They shave their heads. My friend Alice makes soap. My friend Mike cuts single frames of smut into family features. Every guy I know feels let down by his father.
Even my father feels let down by his father.
Chuck Palahniuk,
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　　　　知识与能力 逐步培养学生英语语感和思维，帮助学生巩固基础知识，补缺补漏　　过程与方法 讲与练相结合 启发学生独立思考 挖掘学生潜能 激发学生学习主动性和积极性　　情感态度与价值观 鼓励学生进行独立思考 增强应试能力和语言应用能力 提高学生学科兴趣　　重要词组及考点解析；重难句式解析；中考考点对接巩固练习　　重要词组及考点解析；重难句式解析；中考考点对接巩固练习　　教师活动　　Homework checking and explanation.　　Warm-up　　Unit 3 Topic 3　　Section A　　一. 给下列动词加上-ing　　1.watch ____________ 　　2.chat
____________　　3.plan
____________　　4.listen ____________　　5.open____________　　6.enjoy____________　　7.plant____________　　8.eat____________　　9.draw____________　　10.stop____________　　11.make____________　　12.fly___________　　在文中找到并划出下列短语　　1.练小提琴__________________ 2.别挂线______________________ 3.回电话____________________
　　4.在昨天的这个时候______________________________5.去英语角_____________________________
　　6.冲澡__________________ 7.洗衣服_____________________ 8.打扫卫生_______________________　　9.从七点一直到九点____________________10.植树______________11.练习英语_________________　　12.参观博物馆_____________________ 13.吃北京烤鸭_______________________________________　　14.上个星期天上午__________________________ 15.给你们班作报告__________________________　　在文中找到下列句子并翻译总结　　1 .The telephone rings while Jane is practicing the violin. 译:_______________________________________　　点拨: while---当…的时候
同义词是- --________
　　链接：a. after a while译:________________
b. He likes blue, while I like red. 译:__________________　　c. Mother is cooking while father is watching TV. 译:__________________________________　　对比 ：d. I’m going to be an artist when I grow up. 译:_______________________________________　　总结：　　when和while都可以引导时间状语从句,while 后面多是延续性动作; when后面多是短暂性动作.　　2. What were you doing at this time yesterday? 译:_______________________________________　　对比：What are you doing at this time?
译:________________________________ 　　总结：　　 过去时 过去进行时　　陈述句 主语 + V-ed… 主语 + was/were + V-ing…　　否定句 主语 + did + not + V… 主语 + was/were + no t + V-ing…　　一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + V…? Was / Were + 主语 + V-ing…?　　特殊疑问句 疑问词+ did + 主语 + V…? 疑问词+ was / were + 主语 + V-ing…?　　时间状语 yesterday, last week, last year…　　过去的时间 at this time yesterday, 　　from 7:00 to 9:00 yesterday…过去的具体时间　　意义 过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作　　 现在进行时 过去进行时　　陈述句 主语 + am/is/are + V-ing… 主语 + was/were + V-ing…　　否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + V-ing… 主语 + was/were + not + V-ing…　　一般疑问句 Is / Are + 主语 + V-ing…? Was / Were + 主语 + V-ing…?　　特殊疑问句 疑问词+ is / are + 主语 + V-ing…? 疑问词+ was / were + 主语 + V-ing…?　　时间状语 now, at the moment, at this time　　these days… at this time yesterday, 　　from 7:00 to 9:00 yesterday　　意义 现在某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作 过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作　　巩固：用watch的正确形式填空　　a. He _________ TV every day.
b. He ___________ TV yesterday evening.　　c. He ___________ TV tonight.
d. He ______________ TV from 7:00 to 9:00 yesterday morning.　　e. Look! He _______________ TV.　　总结：随着时间的变化，谓语动词的形式也要进行相应的变化，这就是时态。　　四.句型转换　　He was doing some cleaning when I came in.→(否定句)_____________________________________________　　→(一般疑问句)_____________________________________________　　→(划线提问)_______________________________________________　　五.单选　　1. What ______ from three to four yesterday afternoon?
A. did you do
B. are you doing
C. were you doing　　2. – I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer. - Oh., I’m sorry I _____ dinner at my friend’s home.　　A .have
C .was having
D. am having
　　3. My mother _____ while my father _____TV.　　A. was watching
B. was watching
C. watched
D. watched　　4. When I got home, my son _____ the music.　　A. am listening to
B .listened to
C. was listening to
D. was listening　　5.We heard a cry when we ______ TV last night.
A.were watching
B.would watch
D.watched　　6. The teacher ______ when I came into the classroom.
A. is drawing
D. was drawing　　7. Nobody noticed what she ______ at the moment.
A. will do
B. was doing
D. is doing
　　六.填空　　1. ________ they_________ (feed) the animals at 5:00 yesterday afternoon?　　2. Mrs.Green _________ ________ (not wash) clothes at this time yesterday.　　3. Grandpa _______ _________ (mend) his clock when I reached home.　　4. While I _______ __________ (walk) in the park, I saw some children playing games.　　Section B　　一. 在文中找到并划出下列短语　　1.同意某人的意见____________________2.没什么严重的_________________3.生我的气________________　　4.做鬼脸_______________ 5.对---说对不起_________________ 6.看起来很难受_________________　　7.给我们上课____________________________ 8.把我的同学逗笑________________________　　在文中找到下列句子并翻译总结　　1.Wasn’t the scene beautiful? No, I don’t think so. 译:________________________________________________　　总结：否定疑问句的回答要遵循随后原则。　　练习：a. Aren’t you Chinese? _____________________. (不，我们是中国人。)　　b. Don’t they agree with me? _____________________. (是的，他们不同意我的意见。)　　2. —I think classical music is pleasant. I agree with you. / Yes, I think so.　　
I don’t agree. / No, I don’t think so. I think it’s boring.　　译:_______________________________
______________________________　　__________________________________________　　思考：pleasant 的同根词有哪些？ please---(
pleased---(
pleasure---(
)　　拓展：pleasant 与pleased的区别是：
pleasant修饰______，pleased修饰______ 　　a.We are so pleased to meet Jack..
译：______________________________　　b. Most young people think pop music is pleasant. 译：_____________________________________　　试试看：a.I spent a very ___________ evening with my family .
b._________ to see you again.　　c.My parents were very _____________ with what I did in the exam.　　d.---Thank you very much. ---It’s a _____________.
e. The music is sweet and ___________ .　　点拨：agree with sb.--- 同意某人的意见
　　拓展：agree to do sth.---同意做某事
agree on sth.--- 在某事上取得一致　　3. 2a 中的每一句都重要！一定要把它背熟。 　　a.怎么了？ ___________________________(同义句) →_________________________________　　b.没什么严重的。_____________________________(反义句) →_________________________________　　c.说吧，说吧。_______________________________ _（在不同的语境，这个词组有不同的含义）。　　d.王老师生我的气了。_______________________________________________________　　e.在她正上课时，我做了鬼脸，逗得同学哈哈大笑。　　___________________________________________________________________________　　f.(当时)你没有在听老师讲课。那可不好。_______________________________________________________　　g.我认为你最好向王老师道歉。好吧, 我会的。________________________________________　　Section C　　一. 在文中找到并划出下列短语　　1.在教堂________________2.在十九世纪初期___________________________3.解决问题________________　　4.在周日上午____________________________ 5.太累了而无法工作________________________ 　　6.把星期六下午变为假日________________________________ 7…的开始_________________________ 8.周末的想法__________________________ _____ 9.双休日的周末_______________________________　　在文中找到下列句子并翻译总结　　1.Many people spent one day a week at church. 译：________________________________________________　　思考：这里的介词为什么是at 不是 on ？
解释：spend…at church_____________________ 　　巩固：I often spend two days with my family every week. --- 花时间和…在一起______________________　　总结：spend…(in) doing sth._____________________
spend…on sth.______________________　　2.People called it a “holy day”. 译：_____________________________________________________　　In the U.S.A,workers called them “blue Mondays” 译：______________________________________________　　总结：以…称呼它/它们_________________________
blue Mondays---忧郁的星期一　　练习：a. 我们都喊他“帅哥”。We _________ _________ “____________ boy”.　　b. 他们在课堂上叫我”Linda”. They _________ _______ Linda ______ _________.　　c. 他小时候，我们喊他“宝宝”。When he ______ _______, we________ ________ “baby”.　　颜色趣谈：很多颜色在英语中还包含其他的含义，试着翻译下面带有颜色的短语　　black tea(
) black sheep(
) green house(
) white elephant(
) a Red man(
) a grey day(
)　　3.They felt too tired to work on Monday mornings. 译：______________________________________________　　点拨:
too…to---太…而不能…
用法： too + 形容词或副词 to + do　　练习：a.他太小了,不能去上学。He ___ __ ______ _________ ______ go to school.　　b.昨晚他们太累了,无法完成作业。They _____ _____ _____ ____ _______ their homework yesterday evening.　　c.她跑得太慢而没有赶上31路车。She ______ _____ _______ _____ ________ the No. 31 bus.　　拓展：你知道吗 too…to… 还可以用not…enough to … 或 so…that…(如此…以至于…)
改写 　　如：He is too young to go to school. 他太小了不能去上学。　　= He isn’t old enough to go to school.
= He is so young that he can’t go to school.　　试一试：同义句转换　　a. I am too busy to visit my friends today. 译：__________________________________________________　　= I’m____ ______ _______ ___ visit my friends today. = I am ___ ______ _____ I _____ visit my friends today.　　b. He runs too fast to stop. 译：__________________________________________________　　= He _______ _______ ________ _________ to stop. = He _______ ______ _______ _______ he _______ stop.　　练得怎么样? 再送你一句格言吧！
It’s never too late to learn. 译：____________________________　　4. But many workers played games and had fun on that day. 译：______________________________________　　总结：had fun ← have fun过得高兴，过得愉快 　　同义词组有很多哦！ have a good time
have a great time
have a wonderful time
enjoy oneself 　　用法一：have fun + 时间或地点，表示在某时/某地玩得高兴。　　巩固： I have fun on Sundays. 译：______________________ I had fun in the park. 译：____________________　　用法二：have fun doing sth., 表示从做某事中获得乐趣
　　巩固：a.The students have great fun learning English. 译：__________________________________　　b.他从玩游戏中获得了很大的乐趣。He_______ a lot of_______ _________ computer games.　　5. At one o’clock everyone stopped working.
译：_____________________________ ___________________　　点拨：stop doing sth. 停止做某事（停下正在进行的动作 对比：stop to do sth.停下来去做某事（另一件事）　　巩固：a.He stopped ___________. 他停止（不再）吸烟。　　b.He stopped ___________. 他停下（停下手中的工作）来吸烟。　　6. This was the beginning of the idea of the weekend idea in England. 译：_______________________________　　点拨：beginning为begin的动名词，在本句中做名词用，意为“开始，开端”　　链接：at the beginning of …______________ at the end of…_______________ in the middle of…____________　　巩固：a. Sunday is the beginning of a week. 译：______________________________________　　b. 这是旅行的开始。译：This is ______ ________ _____ the ___________.　　7. By 1940 ,offices and factories in the U.S.A.were closed all day on Saturdays ,and the two-day weekend began.　　译：___________________________________________________________________________________　　点拨：介词by --- 到…为止
were closed---被关闭
the two-day weekend---双休日周末
　　回顾:a. an 11-year-old boy__________ b. an 8-meter-wide river___________ c. a three-day holiday___________
　　试一试：1.）一棵五米高的树
________________
2. 一个十六岁的女孩________________________　　3.) 一个十天的病期 _____________________
4.一条10米宽的大街____________________　　Section D　　一. 在文中找到并划出下列短语　　1.洗盘子________________2.在公园门口___________________________3.另外几个男孩________________　　4.给他们打招呼___________________ 5.吃过午饭______________ 6.拍很多照片_______________________ 　　7.回到家___________________ 8.感到很累但高兴______________________________
　　二. 在文中找到下列句子并翻译总结　　1.My mother was doing the dishes and my father was reading the newspaper.译： __________________________　　点拨：do the dishes---洗盘子= wash the dishes　　2.We planned to meet at the gate of the park, but I was late. 译： ____________________________________　　注意：late在句中是形容词
练习：别再迟到了！Don’t ______ late _________!　　三. 用所给词的适当形式填空　　1. You should help your mother do some ________ (clean)
2. I was _____ (take) a shower when you phoned me.　　3. You must remember __________ (finish) your work..
4. He had to stop _____ (smoke) because he was ill.　　5. The music sounds so ___________ (please).
6. He is having a lot fun _________ (hike)　　7. Why _______ we ____ (not go) boating this Sunday?
8. We all _________ (call) the boy Jim.　　9. He has many books __________ (read).
10. It’s not good for animals _________ (stay) in cage　　Ⅰ. 单项选择。（10分）　　(
)1.I _______ a museum with my friends at this time yesterday.　　A.am visiting
B.was visiting
D.will visit　　(
)2.He is _______ small _______ to school.　　
B.can’t; go
D. to go　　(
)3.You are right. We all agree _______ you.　　
D.with　　(
)4.It was raining hard _______ I got up this morning.　　
D.until　　(
)5. Han Wenda is very funny and he often makes his classmates _______.　　
A.laughing
C.to laugh
D.laughs　　(
)6.In the early 1800s, many workers called Monday “_______ Monday”.　　
D.White　　(
)7.—You look very sad. What’s wrong?　　
—Don’t worry. There is _______.　　A.something serious
B.serious something 　　
C.nothing serious
D.serious nothing　　(
)8.Maria didn’t hear me. She _______ with Betty.　　
B.is talking
D.was talking　　(
)9.—Is Kangkang good at English?　　
—Sure. He _______ a lot of time on it every day.　　
D.pays　　(
)10.I feel tired, but I don’t want to stop _______.　　
D.working　　Ⅰ. 词汇。（10分）　　(A)根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。　　1.Xiang Qiuchi was listening to the r_______ at nine last night.　　2.Look at the young man with light hair. He is so h_______.　　3.He was taking a s_______ at this time last night.　　4.I used to work in a car f_______.　　5.—The movie is wonderful. 　　 —I a_______ with you.　　(B)根据句意及汉语提示填空。　　6.I really enjoy the music. It sounds so _______(令人愉快).　　7.I felt very _______(难过), because he hurt my dog.　　8.Here’s some _______(有用的) information about travel in Canada.　　9.—Do you wash _______(碟子) at home?　　 —Yes, but not often.　　10.The teacher t old us a funny story. All the students _______(笑了) happily.　　Ⅱ. 句型转换。（5分）　　11.I was making model planes when my mother came back.（对画线部分提问）　　_______ _______ _______ _______ when your mother came back?　　12.I think classical music is boring.（改为否定句）　　I _______ _______ classical music is boring.　　13.My mother was doing the dishes at that time.（同义句转换）　　My mother was _______ the _______ at that time.　　14.He read a story-book last night.（改为过去进行时）　　He _______ _______ a story-book at eight o’clock last night.　　15.He wasn’t old enough to go to school. (同义句转换)　　He was _______ young_______ go to school.　　Unit 4
Topic1　　Section A　　一. 读P119-120形容词的比较级，最高级变化规则，写出下面表格中形容词的适当形式 　　形容词 strong tall
brave big fat thin lazy ugly good bad little many far　　比较级
　　最高级
　　二. 在文中找到并划出下列短语　　1.考虑_____________________ 2.乡村生活__________________________________ 3.一天_________________　　4.享受大自然的美丽__________________________________ 5.农场的动物______________________________
　　三. 在文中找到下列句子并翻译总结　　1. What are you thinking about? I’m thinking about the life in the countryside.　　点拨：think about---考虑
链接：think of--- __________→ What do you think of him?　　2.The pig is stronger than you.
He is lazier than me.
I’m smaller than you.　　译:__________________________________________________________________　　3. I’m the strongest on this farm.
I’m the biggest of all.　　译:__________________________________________________________________　　总结：　　名称 比较级 最高级　　比较对象 两者 两者以上　　搭配 … 比较级 than + 两者的另一方 …the 最高级 in / of / among + 范围短语 　　例句 He is taller than me. He is the tallest in my class./ of all.　　4. I’m much faster than you. I’m a little bigger than you. 译:_________________________________________　　点拨：much + 比较级 ---…得多
a little + 比较级 ---…一点儿　　巩固：Tom is much taller than me. I’m a little taller than Jack. 译:_______________________________　　a. 我的书包比你的重得多。My schoolbag _____ ________ ___________ than _________.　　b. 他的书包比我的轻一点儿。His schoolbag ____ ____ _______ ________ than ________.　　Section B　　一. 在文中找到并划出下列短语　　1.拍些照片_________________________ 2.上面的照片_____________________ 3.养宠物狗___________________　　4.和你一起玩___________________ 5.唱歌给我们听__________________ 6.众所周知________________________　　7.给我们带来欢乐______________________ 8.在所有的花当中_____________________________________　　9.和他们分享同一个世界________________________________ 10.以植物为主食______________________　　二. 在文中找到下列句子并翻译总结　　1.I think animals are more interesting. I think roses are the most beautiful of all the flowers.　　译:______________________________________________________________________________　　点拨：more interesting---更有趣
the most beautiful---最漂亮的　　总结：多音节形容词和部分双音节形容词的比较级由more+原级构成；最高级由the most+原级构成。如：　　popular---more popular---the most popular
famous---more famous---the most famous　　interesting---more interesting---the most interesting
useful---more useful---the most useful　　思考：much more popular than…___________________
a little more famous than…___________________　　点拨：much, a little常用于比较级前，对其进行程度上的修饰，也是暗示后面要使用比较级的标志，这样的词还有even(甚至), several times(几倍)等。　　巩固：Jay Chou is much more popular with young men than Tenger. 译:_______________________________________　　Hunan TV is a little more famous than Shanghai Dongfang TV. 译:_____________________________________　　As we know, China is several times stronger than India. 译:___________________________________________　　2. As we know, they are both important to us. 译:_________________________________________________________　　点拨：sth./sb. be
important to sb.---某人或事对某人很重要
　　对比：It is important for sb. to do sth.---做某事对某人来说很重要　　巩固：Environment is important to humans.
It is important for humans to improve the environment.　　译:________________ ________________________ _____________________________________________　　3. Insects feed on plants. 译:___________________________________________________　　点拨: feed on---以…为食
feed---_________(过去式)
　　巩固：People in the south feed on rice, while the north people feed on noodles.　　译:__________________________________________________________________　　4. If there are no plants or insects in the future, what will our world be like?　　译:__________________________________________________________________　　模仿造句：月球上面没有水也没有空气。There_____ _____ water_____ air_____ ______ _______.　　我在家里没有兄弟和姐妹。I have_____ __________ ______ ___________ in my ___________.　　推理造句：我们的世界现在是个什么样？What ________ our world __________?　　我们的世界以前是个什么样？What ________ our world __________?　　Section C　　一. 在文中找到并划出下列短语　　1.地球表面的6%_____________________________ 2.成千上万的动物________________________________ 　　3.他们中的很多_______________4.在树上_____________ 5.离地面30多米____________________________　　6.其他不同的植物_______________7.地球的肺部________________8.使空气更清新__________________　　9.控制气候__________ 10.非常需要他们__________________ 11.变得越来越小_____________________　　12.很多水_________________/____________ 13.实际上_______________14.组成______________________　　15.人体的绝大部分_________________________ 16.地球的大部分地区______________________________　　17.节约每滴水_________________ 18.所有的生物___________ 19.干…的最好季节__________________　　20.保证它竖直______________ 21.用泥土把坑填满______________________________________________ 　　22.在地上挖个坑____________________ 23.用你的脚把土才结实___________________________　　24.确保________________25.够深__________________ 26.给树浇水____________________________ 　　27.万事俱备。__________________ 28.长出新叶子______ __________ 29.几天以后________________　　二. 在文中找到下列句子并翻译总结　　1.Thousands and thousands of animals live in the rainforests. 译:_____________________________________ ______　　点拨：ten, hundred, thousand等数词表示确定的数目时不用复数形式；表示不确定的数目时用复数形式，后跟of..　　巩固：a.天上有成千上万颗星星。There ________ ______________ _______ stars ______ ________ __________.　　b.去年我们学校有六千人。There ________ __________ ___________ students ______ _______ ________.　　2.But, now, rainforests are becoming smaller and smaller, so we should protect them.　　译:__________________________________________________________________　　点拨一：比较级and 比较级 = 越来越…　　巩固： more and more interested___________________ cleaner and cleaner___________________________　　越来越高兴_______________ 越来越激动________________________________________　　a.这些年英语正逐渐变得越来越重要了。English ___ ___________ ______ ______ ______ ___________ these years.　　b.康康的英语越来越差了。Kangkang’s English is __________ _________ ___________.　　点拨二：protect---保护
拓展：protect sth./sb. from sth.---保护某物/某人免于…　　巩固：Sunglasses can protect our eyes from the sunshine. 译:_______________________________________________　　3.Without water, there could be no life on earth. 译:____________________________________________　　思考：could在句中是过去式吗？________
　　总结：might be = could be ＜ may be = can be ＜ should be ＜ must be ＜ can’t be　　　　Section D　　一. 在文中找到并划出下列短语　　1.很多野生动物____________________ 2.处在险境________________ 3.想到更多_____________________　　4.华西南___________ 5.以竹子为食____________________6.越来越少的土地______________________　　7.在数量上变得越来越少______________________________8.生活在海洋里__________________________　　9.使海水变得更脏_________________________________ 10.在中国的南部__________________________ 　　11.最老的虎种_____________________12.为得到它们的皮和骨头而杀害它们____________________　　　　二. 在文中找到下列句子并翻译总结　　1.Pandas are becoming fewer and fewer in number. 译:_____________________________________________　　模仿造句：颜色变得越来越深。The color is becoming _________ _________ __________.　　洞变得越来越深。The hole is becoming _________ _________ __________.　　他的年龄越来越大。He is becoming _________ _________ __________.　　雨越来越大。The rain is becoming ___________ _________ ____________.　　2.The air in the countryside is fresher than that in the city.　　思考：that 在句子中指什么？___________
可以用it, this, one吗？_____________　　巩固：　　a.The traffic in the city is more crowded than that in the countryside. 译:______________________________________　　b.新乡的天气比北京的天气暖和。The__________ _____ Xinxiang _____ _________ than _______ in Beijing. 　　总结：在一个比较级的句子中，that指代前面提到的不可数名词或单数名词　　思考：如果前面是可数名词的复数形式该用哪个词来代替呢？__________　　巩固: a.People in the north are more friendly than those in the south. 译:______________________________________　　b.大自然的花比温室的花坚强。The flowers ____ _________ are __________ than _______ in the green house.　　挑战：a. 城市里的树木比乡村的树木少。b. 城市里的车比乡村的车多。　　a. There are ________ trees in the city ________ __________ in the countryside.　　b. There are ________ cars in the city ________ __________ in the countryside.　　三. 用所给单词的适当形式填空　　1. My uncle lives on the farm. He keeps lots of_________. (sheep)　　2. Uncle Sam looks sad, because some _________ (mouse) ate his food 　　3. I have many__________(duck) on the farm. Do you like ________ ________(烤鸭) ? I can make it for you . 　　4. This skirt is __________(nice) than that one.　　5. Is this bag __________(heavy) than that one?　　6. Mount Qomolangma is_______ __________(high) mount in the world.　　7. Who is ______ ______(good)student in your class?　　8. ---Which do you like ___________(well) ,milk or orange?
---Orange.　　9. The Yangtze River is _________ __________ (long) river in China.　　10.There are ___________(few) cows on my farm than those on your farm.　　11.Tom has ________ _________ (many) story books of all.　　12.Which do you like _________ (good), cats or dogs?　　13.Which do you like _________ (good), cats pigs or dogs?　　14.I don’t think this question is______ _________(difficult) than that one. It’s______ _______(easy) of these questions.　　Ⅰ. 单项选择。（10分）　　(
)1.All animals need _______ water.　　 A.little B.many C.lot of D.plenty of　　(
)2.—You are standing too near to the TV. Can you move a bit _______?　　 —OK, Mom. Is it all right here?　　 A.faster B.slower C.farther D.nearer　　(
)3.—Did you have breakfast this morning?　　 —No, I got up late and went to school _______ breakfast.　　 A.for B.in C.without D.after　　(
)4.Your classroom is so dirty. Everyone should keep it _______.　　 A.dry B.open C.quiet D.clean　　(
)5.There were _______ animals in the forest many yea rs ago.　　 A.thousand of
B.thousands of　　 C.three thousand of
D.three thousands of　　(
)6.—Wow, your school is great!　　 —It is _______ school in the city.　　 A.much more beautiful B.much beautiful 　　 C.the most beautiful D.beautiful　　(
)7.Blue whales are the largest and heaviest animals in the world, but they _______ the smallest sea animals.　　 A.feed in B.live in C.feed on D.fed on　　(
)8.—Zhou Fang, can you finish your homework better with _______ time?　　 —I think I can.　　 A.few B.fewer C.little D.less　　(
)9.As we know, water is very important _______ us.　　 A.of B.to C.on D.with　　(
)10.Look! There is a rabbit, two _______ and two _______ in the picture.　　 A. sheeps B. tiger C. snakes D. wolves　　Ⅰ. 词汇。（10分）　　(A)根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。　　1.People can enjoy n_______ in the countryside. The air is fresher and the sky is bluer there.　　2.She c_______ the table with a cloth yesterday.　　3.In the o_______, there are all kinds of fishes.　　4.She was full of j_______ because her parents love her.　　5.Thousands of old trees were in the f_______ ten years ago, but now there are few.　　(B)根据句意及汉语提示填空。　　6.These plants float on the _______ (表面) of the water.　　7.My grandparents keep a lot of _______ (绵羊) in the countryside.　　8.The fox usually _______ (以……为食) meat.　　9.The teacher had no _______ (控制) over the children.　　10.The rivers in the countryside are much _______ than those in the cities. 　　五、课堂总结　　六、学员自我总结　　七、课后作业、复习或预习内容布置