whatthink about同义词 planning a party for het?改为同义句

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>>>小题1:What can I do for you? (改为同义句)Iyou?小题2:It’s ..
小题1:What can I do for you? (改为同义句)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&I&&&&&&&&&&&&you?小题2:It’s eleven o’clock. (对划线部分提问)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&is it?小题3:I usually have a party on my birthday. (对划线部分提问)&&&&&&&&&do you usually&&&&&&&&on your birthday?小题4:interesting, they, is, think, Beijing Opera, very (连词成句)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&小题5:We like action movies and thrillers. (对划线部分提问)What&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&movies do you like?
题型:填空题难度:偏易来源:不详
小题1:Can, help小题2:What, time小题3:What, do小题4:They think Beijing Opera is very interesting.小题5:kind, of小题1:本句的含义为有什么为你效劳的,也可以用Can I help you来表示,故本句空格处填Can, help。小题2:对具体时间提问可用what time,表示几点了,故本句空格处填What, time。小题3:对动词短语提问可用疑问词what,后跟一般疑问句的顺序,助动词do后跟动词原形,动词提问的使用do,故本句空格处填What, do。小题4:本句的含义为他们认为京剧是非常有趣的,主句为they think后跟的是宾语从句,Beijing Opera为京剧的含义,故本句可连成为They think Beijing Opera is very interesting.小题5:对事物类别提问可用what kind of,故本句空格处填kind, of。
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据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“小题1:What can I do for you? (改为同义句)Iyou?小题2:It’s ..”主要考查你对&&零冠词&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
零冠词:是指名词前面没有不定冠词(a、an)、定冠词(the),也没有其他限定词的现象。零冠词也是冠词的一种。例如:This is my book. Bread is made from flour. Let's go and play basketball. He is head of the factory. 注意:有些名词前用the,或不用the,其意义有所不同。例如: go to school& 上学&&&& go to the school 到学校去 in future 今后,将来&& in the future 将来&&零冠词的用法:1.表示抽象概括意义时,不可数名词和复数名词使用零冠词,例如:(/)Books are my best friends.书是我的好朋友。(/)Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来柔软。(/)Water boils at 100℃.水在摄氏100度沸腾。比较:The water in this river is undrinkable.这条河的水不可饮用。2.专有名词通常使用零冠词,例如:(/)Lu Xun is a great Chinese writer.鲁迅是一位伟大的中国作家。(/)London is the capital of England.伦敦是英国的首都。(/)China is a developing socialist country.中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家。(注意:组合国名或缩写国名前加定冠词,如:the United States 美国;the U.K 英国)3.按照习惯下列各类名词使用零冠词:1)季节、月份、星期以及节假日(中国传统节日除外,详细请查阅“定冠词”)等名词前,例:(/)Summer begins in June in this part of the country.这个地区夏天从六月份开始。We have no classes on(/) Sunday.星期日我们不上课。There are a lot of (/)people shopping at (/)Christmas.在圣诞节有很多人购买东西。2)三餐饭菜的名词,例:have (/)supper 吃晚饭come to (/)dinner 去吃饭3)语言、运动、游戏等名词,例:She speaks (/)Chinese.她说汉语。He plays (/)football.他踢足球。Let’s have a game of (/)chess.咱俩下盘棋吧。4)在某些意义有改变的名词前要使用零冠词,例:He has gone to (/)school.(to learn)他去上学了。They were in (/)church just now.(to worship)现在他们在做礼拜。同样, in hospital是“住院(治疗)”,in prison是“服刑”,等等。注意:如果在这类名词前加冠词,则表示去那里干与之无关的事,例:go to the school 可理解为去学校看望人,而不是“学习”。4.在表示职位、头衔、身份等名词前,例:(/)Professor Wang 王教授(/)Doctor Tompson 汤普生医生(/)President Lincoln 林肯总统(/)Dean of the English Department 英语系主任5.泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词(泛指的复数名词非零冠词):They are teachers. 他们是教师。当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;I can't write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。6.当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词,例:by bus,by train;7.有些个体名词不用冠词,如:(/)school,(/)college,(/)prison,(/)market,(/)hospital,(/)bed,(/)table,(/)class,(/)town,(/)church,(/)court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的不同含义:go to hospital 去医院看病 ; go to the hospital去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)in bed 生病卧床 ; in the bed 在床上in table 就餐 ; in the table\tables 在桌旁8.不用冠词的序数词:a. 序数词前有物主代词b. 序数词作副词:He came (/)first in the race.c. 在固定词组中:at (/或the) first,first of all,from first to last注:三餐饭前带有形容词修饰时,应加冠词:have a quick breakfast .当球类指具体事物时,应加冠词:where is the football ?9.某些中国乐器前面不加冠词,例如:play (/)erhu;play (/)dizi ( 弹古筝 play the zither 吹笛子 play the flute)
10.有些物质名词和抽象名词前永远用零冠词,即使有形容词,也用零冠词。常见的有:(/)weather,(/)progress,(/)fun,(/)advise,(/)news,(/)information,(/)luck,(/)furniture,(/)wealth,(/)honesty 等。另外,man 表示“人类”和word 表示:“音讯时一般不加冠词,如:It is well known that (/)man has a very close relationship with (/)environment。众所周知,人类与环境关系非常密切。11.在表示颜色和语言的名词前用零冠词,例:She is in(/)red 她穿红色衣服(=She is in a red dress)12.特殊动词后用零冠词,如:He turns(/)a father.(/)Student as he is.注:为了区分不加冠词和加零冠词的两种情况,本帖特别使用表示零冠词的“(/)”符号表示零冠词。零冠词使用口诀及注释:下列情况免冠词,代词限定名词前,专有名词不可数,科球类三餐饭,复数名词表泛指,两季星期月份前,颜色语种和国名,称呼习语和头衔注释:1.下列情况免冠词,代词限定名词前,代词限定词放在名词的前面时,名词不加冠词例: any book2.专有名词不可数,科球类三餐饭,1)不可数名词,专有名词通常不加冠词。例:Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母2)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词,如have breakfast,play chess。3.复数名词表泛指,两季星期月份前,例:We go to school from Monday to Friday.  我们从星期一到星期五都上课。4.颜色语种和国名,称呼习语和头衔1)颜色语种和国名如 in E in Canada2)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词。例:The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。习惯用零冠词的固定短语:& 一、介词+零冠词+名词at presentbeyond hope ofby chanceby dayby handby ruleface to facefrom beginninghand in handin battlein danger ofin defence ofin factin fearin hopes ofin issuein place ofin spit ofin timeon account ofon businesson earthon crediton footon handout of dateside by sidewith credit二、动词+零冠词+名词cast anchorcatch firechange gearget fungive battlegive waylose heartmake waysend wordset sail三、动词+零冠词+名词+介词catch sight ofdo duty forfind fault withmake use ofset fire totake hold oftake exception totake part intake care of
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>>>句型转换。1. When he was 8,he began to learn to skate. (改..
句型转换。
1. When he was 8,he began to learn to skate. (改为同义句)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&_________&_________eight , he&&&&&&&&&&& &&&& to learn to skate.2. It takes about15 minutes to walk home. (就画线部分提问)&&&&&&&&&&&&&_______&&& ________It&&&&&& &&&& to&&walk&&home?3. I think Jim will come back. (改为反意疑问句)I think Jim will come back,&&&&&& &&&&&&& _________?4. I'm planning to visit my teacher this Sunday. (就画线部分提问)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& _______ & _________& _______Planning&&&& &&& &&&&& this Sunday?5. "Are you going to visit Zigong next week?"Father asked me.(改为间接引语)Father&&&&&& &&&&&&& me &&&&&& &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&& &&&& ________going to visit Zigong the next week
题型:句型转换难度:偏易来源:期末题
1. At the age of started&&&&2. How long does&&&&take&&&&3. won't he&&&&4. What are you&&&&to do&&&5. asked if/whether I was
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据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“句型转换。1. When he was 8,he began to learn to skate. (改..”主要考查你对&&疑问词组,介词短语,特殊疑问句,反意疑问句,直接引语,间接引语&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
现在没空?点击收藏,以后再看。
因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
疑问词组介词短语特殊疑问句反意疑问句直接引语,间接引语
疑问词组:即使由疑问词和一些词一起构成的表示疑问的词组。由how/what与另外一个词组成的词组。例如:how many (后接可数名词,多少), how much (后接不可数名词,多少),&how often (表示频率), what if (如果…将会怎么样),&what about (…怎么样), what time (几点) 与how搭配的疑问词组:How在英语中通常用作副词,是特殊疑问句中本领最大的疑问词。他与其它形容词或副词搭配组成疑问词组1.How old问年龄、年代。How old is your friend? 你朋友多大了?How old is the bridge? 这座桥有多少年代了?2.How many问可数名词数量。常将可数名词复数紧随其后。如:How many pictures are there on the wall? 墙上有多少幅画?How many glasses of milk would you like? 你们想要几杯牛奶?3.How much询问不可数名词的数量、物品的价格。How much money is there in the purse? 钱包里有多少钱?How much are the apples at the moment? 目前苹果什么价钱?4.How long提问物体的长度、时间的长短。How long is the Changjia River? 长江有多长?How long does it take you to do your homework every day?你每天花多长时间做作业?5.How soon 对 “in+一段时间 ”提问, 表示“多久之后”。How soon will you be back? 你多久后回来?6.How often对表示频率的副词或短语提问。How often does Mrs. Green go shopping? 格林夫人多久去购一次物?7.How about用来征求对方意见。Your father is a worker, how about your mother? 你父亲是工人,你母亲呢?How about playing games after school this afternoon? 下午放学后做游戏怎么样?8.How far 问两地间的距离How tall问人(树)的高度;how heavy问重量;how wide问宽;how high可以询问建筑物、山峰高度。How far is it from the earth to the moon? 从地球到月球有多远?How tall is Yao Ming? 姚明身高多少?How heavy is that big box? 那只大箱子有多重?How wide is the new street? 这条新街有多宽?How high is the tower in Paris? 巴黎的那座塔有多高?与what搭配的疑问词组:
介词短语:介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词与它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语,定语或介词宾语。例如:at ,in, on, to介词短语在句中可以作状语,定语,表语,补足语等。 1. 作表语 && 例如:It was in 2005 in Beijing. 2. 作宾语补足语 && 例如:He found his dog outside the station. 3. 作后置定语 && 例如:I even store them in boxes under my bed. 4. 作状语 && 例如:You are supposed to put your bread on your plate. 常见介词用法:1)at,in,on在……范围at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近,旁边” in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻,接壤 to 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤 He arrived at the station at ten. He is sitting at the desk. He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. Jiangsu lies in the east of China. Russia live on the north of China. Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province. 2)above, over, on 在……上 above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与 below相对; over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk. 3)below, under 在……下面 under表示在…正下方 below表示在……下,不一定在正下方 There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line.介词短语组织形式及实例:一、介词+名词形式第一组by accident 偶然on account of 因为,由于in addition 另外in addition to 除 …… 之外in the air 在流行中,在传播中on (the/an) average 平均,一般来说on the basis of 根据,在 …… 的基础上at (the) best 充其量,至多for the better 好转,改善on board 在船 ( 车、飞机 ) 上out of breath 喘不过气来on business 因公,因事in any case 无论如何,总之in case of 假使,万一in case 假如,以防 ( 万一 ) 免得in no case 决不第二组by chance 偶然,碰巧in charge (of) 负责,主管(a) round the clock 昼夜不停地in common 共用,共有,共同in conclusion 最后,总之on condition that 在 …… 条件下in confidence 信任in connection with/to 关于in consequence 因此,结果in consequence of 由于 …… 的缘故on the contrary 反之,正相反in contrast with/to 与 …… 成对照out of control 失去控制under control 被控制住at all costs 不惜任何代价at the cost of 以 …… 为代价第三组in the course of 在 …… 过程中,在 …… 期间of course 当然,自然,无疑in danger 在危险中,垂危out of danger 脱离危险out of date 过期 ( 时 ) 的up to date 时新的in debt 欠债in detail 详细地in difficulties 处境困难in the distance 在远处off duty 下班on duty 值班,上班on earth 究竟,到底at all events 无论如何in any event 无论如何in effect 有效;实际上第四组in the event of 万一,如果发生for example 例如with the exception of 除 …… 之外in the face of 面对,不顾,即使in fact 其实,实际上on fire 烧着on foot 步行in force 有效;实施中in favo(u)r of 有利于,赞成,支持 in front of 在 …… 面前in (the) future 今后,将来on guard 警惕,防范in general 通常,大体上in half 成两半at hand 在手边,在附近from tip to toe 彻头彻尾,完全by hand 用手 hand down to 往下传,传给 ( 后代 )第五组hand in hand 手拉手,携手in hand 在掌握中,在控制中on hand 在手边,临近on (the) one hand... 一方面 …… ,on the other hand... 另一方面 ……at heart 在内心;实质上by heart 牢记,凭记忆at home 在家,在国内;自在,自如in honor of 以纪念,向 …… 表示敬意on one's honor 以名誉担保in a hurry 匆忙地,立即for instance 例如,举例说at intervals 不时,时时at last 最终,终于at least 至少,最低限度in the least 一点,丝毫第六组at length 终于,最后;详细地in the light of 按照,根据in line 成一直线,排成一行in line with 与 …… 一致,按照at a loss 困惑,不知所措as a matter of fact 其实,事实上by all means 无论如何,必定 by means of 借助于,用by no means 决不in memory of 纪念at the mercy of 在 …… 支配下by mistake 错误地for a moment 片刻,一会儿in a moment 立刻,马上第七组in nature 本质上 on occasion 有时,不时in order 秩序井然,整齐in group to 以便,为了in group that 以便out of order 发生故障,失调on one's own 独自地,独立地in particular 特别地,尤其,详细地in the past 在过去,以往in person 亲自in place 在适当的位置in place of 代替in the first place 起初,首先in the last place 最后out of place 不得其所的,不适当的on the point 即将 …… 的时候第八组 to the point 切中要害,切题in practice 在实际中,实际上out of practice 久不练习in proportion to( 与 ……) 成比例的in public 公开地,当众for (the) purpose of 为了on purpose 故意,有意with the purpose of 为了in question 正在考虑at random 随意地,任意地at any rate 无论如何,至少by reason of 由于as regards 关于,至于with/in regard to 对于,就 …… 而论第九组in/with relation to 关系到with respect to 关于as a result 结果,因此as a result of 由于 …… 的结果in return 作为报答,作为回报on the road 在旅途中as a rule 规章,规则;通常,照例in the long run 最终,从长远观点看for the sake of 为了 …… 起见on sale 出售;贱卖on a large scale 大规模地on a small scale 小规模地in secret 秘密地,私下地in a sense 从某种意义上说in shape 处于良好状态on the side 作为兼职,额外第十组at first sight 乍一看,初看起来in sight 被看到,在望out of sight 看不见,在视野之外in spite of 不管,不顾;尽管,虽然on the spot 当场,在现场in step 同步,合拍out of step 步调不一致,不协调in stock 现有,备有in sum 总而言之in tears 流着泪,含泪,哭in terms of 依据,按照;用 …… 措词for one thing 首先,一则on the second thoughts 经重新考虑,一转念at a time 每次,一次at no time 从不,决不at one time 同时,曾经,从前曾
二、动词+名词形式第一组have/gain access to 可以获得take...into account 考虑gain/have an advantage over 胜过,优于pay the way for 为 …… 铺平道路take advantage of 利用,趁 …… 之机pay attention to 注意do/try one's best 尽力,努力get the best of 胜过make the best of 充分利用,妥善处理get the better of 打败,致胜catch one's breath 屏息,歇口气take care 小心,当心take care of 照顾,照料take a chance 冒险一试take charge of 担任,负责keep company with 与 …… 交往,与 ……take delight in 以 …… 为乐with delight 欣然,乐意地第二组make a/the difference 有影响,很重要carry/bring into effect 使生效,使起作用put into effect 实行,生效come/go into effect 生效,实施take effect 生效,起作用catch one's eye 引人注目keep an eye on 留意,照看make a face 做鬼脸find fault 埋怨,挑剔catch fire 着火come/go into force 生效,实施make friends 交朋友,友好相处be friends with 对 …… 友好,与 …… 交上朋友make fun of 取笑,嘲弄keep one's head 保持镇静lost one's head 不知所措第三组lose heart 丧失勇气,失去信心get/learn by heart 记住,背诵get hold of 抓住,掌握keep house 管理家务,做家务throw/cast light on 使明白,阐明bear/keep in mind 记住have in mind 记住,考虑到,想到make up one's mind 下决心come/go into operation 使投入生产,使运转put in order 整理,检修keep/hold pace with 跟上,与 …… 同步play a part 起作用take place 发生,进行take the place of 代替come to the point 说到要点,扼要地说bring/carry into practice 实施,实行第四组make progress 进步,进展give rise to 引起,使发生make sense 讲得通,有意义catch the sight of 发现,突然看见(go) on the stage 当演员take one's time 不急不忙,从容进行keep in touch 保持联系keep track 通晓事态,注意动向lose track 失去联系make use of 利用put to use 使用,利用give way 让路,让步lead the way 带路,引路make one's way 前进,进行make way 让路,开路keep one's word 遵守诺言第五组act on 作用appeal to 呼吁,要求attempt at 企图,努力attitude to/towards 态度,看法a great/good deal of 大量 ( 的 ) ,许多 ( 的 )influence on 影响interference in 干涉interference with 妨碍,打扰第六组introduce to 介绍a lot (of) 许多 ( 的 ) ,大量 ( 的 )lots of 大量,很多fall in love with 相爱,爱上a matter of( 关于 ……) 的问题a number of 若干,许多reply to 回答,答复a series of 一系列,一连串英语常考词语固定搭配(四)第七组trolley bus 电车I. D. card 身份证credit card 信用卡no doubt 无疑,必定next door 隔壁out of doors 在户外face to face 面对面地as matter of fact 实际情况,真相a few 有些,几个quite a few 还不少,有相当数目的a little 一点,稍微,一些,少许little by little 逐渐地quite a little 相当多,不少no matter 无论the moment (that) 一 …… 就no more 不再第八组fair play 公平竞赛;公平对待in demand 有需要,销路好rest room 厕所,盥洗室primary school 小学side by side 肩并肩,一个挨一个heart and soul 全心全意step by step 逐步ahead of time 提前all the time 一直,始终once upon a time 从前once in a while 偶尔,有时no wonder 难怪,怪不得word for word 逐字地decline with thanks 婉言谢绝
三、介词+介词形式第一组account for 说明 ( 原因等 )aim at 瞄准,针对allow for 考虑到appeal to 呼吁,要求arrive at 达成,得出ask after 询问,问候ask for 请求,要求attach to 附属于,隶属于begin with 从开始break into 闯入break off 断绝,结束break through 突破break up 中止,结束;打碎,折断bring about 带来,造成bring down 打倒,挫伤;降低bring forth 产生,提上第二组bring forward 提出bring out 使出现;公布;出版bring up 教育,培养,使成长build up 积累;堵塞;树立,逐步建立;增进;锻炼call for 邀请;要求;需求call forth 唤起,引起;振作起,鼓起call off 放弃,取消catch at 抓住 ( 东西 )call on/upon 访问,拜访;号召,呼吁call up 召集,动员;打电话care for 照管,关心;喜欢,意欲carry off 夺去carry on 继续下去;从事,经营carry out 贯彻,执行;实现come to 总计,达到;苏醒,复原count on 依靠;期待,指望count up 把 …… 相加第三组cover up 掩饰,掩盖cut across 走捷径,抄近路deal with 处理,对付,安排do without 没有 …… 也行fill in/out 填充,填写get at 得到,接近;意思是get into 进入,陷入go after 追求go into 进入;研究,调查go for 竭力想取得;喜爱;支持,拥护go through 经历,经受;详细检查go with 伴随,与 …… 协调go without 没有 …… 也行improve on 改进keep to 保持,坚持lie in 在于live up to 不辜负第四组live on/by 靠 …… 生活,以 …… 为食live through 度过,经受过look after 照管,照料look at 看望,注视look for 寻找,寻求look into 调查,观察,过问;窥视look over 检查,查看,调查look through 仔细查看,浏览,温习make for 走向,驶向;有助于occur to 被想到,被想起play with 以 …… 为消遣,玩弄refer to 参考,查阅,涉及,提到run for 竞选run into 撞上,偶然碰见see to 注意,负责,照料,修理send for 派人去请,召唤;索取第五组send in 呈报,递交,送来serve as 作为,用作set aside 挑出,拨出,留出;拒绝sit for 参加stand by 支持,帮助;袖手旁观stand for 代替,代表,意味着stand against 反抗,抵抗stick to 坚持,忠于,信守take after 与 …… 相像take for 把 …… 认为是,把 …… 看成是take in 接受,吸收;了解,理解take to 喜欢,亲近touch on 关系到,涉及turn into 变成turn to 变成;求助于,借助于turn off 关上;出产;解雇
四、动词+介词形式第一组break down 损坏,分解,瓦解break in 闯入;打断,插嘴break out 逃出;突然发生,爆发bring to 使恢复知觉burn out 烧掉burn up 烧起来,旺起来;烧完catch on 理解,明白check in 办理登记手续check out 结账后离开;检验,核查check up (on) 校对,检查,检验cheer up 使高兴,使振奋clear away 扫除,收拾clear up 收拾;澄清;放晴make it clear that 弄清楚come off 实现,成功,奏效come on 请,来吧,快点;开始,出场,上演come out 出版;出现,显露;结果是第二组come round (around) 来访,前来;苏醒,复原come through 经历,脱险come up 走近,上来;发生,被提出cross out 删去,取消cut back 削减,减少cut down 削减,降低cut in( 汽车 ) 抢道;插嘴,打断cut off 切断;删去;停止cut out 删除cut short 突然停止die down 渐渐消失,平息die out 消失,灭绝draw in( 火车、汽车 ) 到站draw up 写上,画上;草拟;停住dress up 穿上盛装,打扮得很漂亮drop by/in 顺便来访dry out 干透,使干dry up 干涸,枯竭第三组drop off 减弱,减少drop out 退出,离队fall behind 落后fall out 争吵;结果是fall through 落空,失败feed in 输入find out 查明get across 解释清楚,使人了解get around/round 走动,旅行; ( 消息 ) 传开get away 逃脱,离开get by 通过,经过get down 从 …… 下来;写下get in 进入;收获,收集get off 从 …… 下来;离开,动身,开始get over 克服; ( 从病中 ) 恢复过来get through 结束,完成;接通电话have got to (do) 不得不,必须第四组get together 集合,聚集get up 起床;增加,增强give away 泄露;分送give back 送还,恢复give in 交上;投降,屈服give off 放出,释放give out 分发,放出give up 停止,放弃go ahead 开始,前进;领先go by 过去go down 下降,降低;被载入,传下去go off 爆炸,发射;动身,离开go out 外出;熄灭go over 检查,审查;复习,重温go round/around 足够分配go under 下沉,沉没;失败;破产go through 通过,审查,完成第五组go up 上升,增加;建起hand down 流传下来,传给,往下传hand in 交上,递交hand on 传下来,依次传递hand out 分发,散发,发给hand over 交出,移交,让与hang about 闲荡,徘徊,逗留hang back 犹豫,踌躇,畏缩hang on 抓紧不放;继续下去hang up 挂断 ( 电话 )have back 要回,收回have on 穿着,戴着hold back 踌躇,退缩;阻止,抑制hold on 继续,握住不放hold out 维持,支持;坚持,不屈服hold up 举起,阻挡,使停止;抢劫第六组hurry up( 使 ) 赶快,迅速完成keep back 阻止,阻挡;隐瞒,保留keep down 控制,压制,镇压;压低keep off 不接近,避开keep up 保持,维持;继续,坚持let down 放下,降低;使失望let in 让 …… 进入,放 …… 进来let off 放 ( 烟,烟火 ) ,开 ( 枪 )let out 放掉,放出,发出line up 排队,使排成一行look back 回顾,回头看look out 留神,注意,提防,警惕look on 旁观,观看;看待,视作look up 查阅,查考;寻找 ( 某人 )look in 顺便看望make out 辨认,区分;理解,了解make out of 用 …… 做,从 …… 得出第七组make up 构成,拼凑;弥补,赔偿;化装mix up 混淆,混合,搞糊涂pass away 去世,逝世pass off 中止,停止pass to 转到,讨论,传到pass out 失去知觉,昏倒pay back 偿还,回报pay off 还清 ( 债 )pay down 即时交付,用现金支付pay up 全部付清第八组pick out 选出,挑出,拣出;辨认,辨别出pick up 拾起, ( 偶然 ) 得到; ( 车船 ) 中途搭 ( 人 ) ,学会pull down 拆毁,拉倒;拉下,降低pull in( 车 ) 停下,进站,船 ( 到岸 )pull off 脱 ( 帽、衣 )pull on 穿,戴pull out 拔出,抽出; ( 车、船 ) 驶出pull together 齐心协力pull up( 使 ) 停下put across 解释清楚,说明put aside 储存,保留put away 放好,收好;储存put down 记下,放下;镇压,平定put forward 提出put in 驶进put on 穿上,戴上;上演;增加 ( 体重 )put out 熄灭,关 ( 灯 ) ;出版,发布;生产put right 改正 ( 错误 ) ,整理第九组put up 提起,举起,提 ( 价 ) ;为 …… 提供食宿,投宿ring off 挂断电话rub out 擦掉,拭去run down 撞倒,撞沉;追捕,追查run off 复印,打印run over 略读,略述;辗过,浏览,匆匆复习see off 给 …… 送行see through 看穿,识破;干完,干到底set back 推迟,延缓,阻碍set down 卸下,放下,记下,记入set forth 阐明,陈述set off 出发,动身;引起,使发生set out 陈列,显示;动身,起程;制定set up 创立,建立,树立;资助,扶持show in 领入show off 炫耀,卖弄第十组show up 使呈现,使醒目shut out 排除sit in 列席,旁听sit up 迟睡,熬夜speed up 使加速stand out 突出,显眼stand up 站起来,耐用step up 提高,加快,加紧step in 插入,介入stick out 伸出,突出;坚持到底,继续take away 消除;消耗take down 记下,写下take off 拿走,脱下;起飞take on 呈现;接纳,承担,从事take over 接管,接办take up 占据;开始;拿起,接收take up with 和 …… 交往,忍受,采用初中英语常用介词短语列举:1)at once 立刻 &&&&&&&&2)at last 最后 3)at first 起先,首先 &&&&&&&4)at the age of… 在……岁时 5)at the end of… 在……之末 &&&&&6)at the beginning of… 在……之初 7)at the foot of… 在……脚下 &&&&&8)at the same time 同时 9)at night/noon 在夜里/中午 &&&&&10)with one's help 在某人的帮助下,由于某人的帮助 11)with the help of … 在……的帮助下 &&&12)with a smile 面带笑容 13)with one's own eyes 亲眼看见 &&&&14)after a while 过了一会儿 15)from now on 从现在起 &&&&&&16)from then on 从那时起 17)far example 例如 &&&&&&&18)far away from 远离 19)from morning till night 从早到晚&&&&20)by and by 不久 21)by air mail 寄航空邮件 &22)by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车 23)by ordinary mail 寄平信 &24)by the way 顺便说 25)by the window 在窗边 26)by the end of… 到……底为止 27)little by little 逐渐地 &28)in all 总共 29)in fact 事实上 &30)in one's twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31)in a hurry 匆忙&&32)in the middle of 在……中间 33)in no time (in a minute) 立刻,很快 &34)in time (on time) 及时 35)in public 公众,公开地 &36)in order to 为了…… 37)in front of 在……前面 38)in the sun 在阳光下 39)in the end 最后,终于 40)in surprise 惊奇地 41)in turn 依次 &42)of course 当然 43)a bit (of) 有一点儿 &44)a lot of 许多 45)a little 一点儿 &46)on one's way to 某人在去……的路上 47)on foot 步行,走路 &48)a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49)on the other hand 另一方面 &50)at/on the weekend 在周末 51)on the left (right) 在左(右)边 &52)on the other side of 在……另一边 53)on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播)&54)to one's joy 使……高兴的是 55)to one's surprise 使……惊讶的是& 特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:what、who、whose、which、when、where、how、why等。 特殊疑问句的基本结构是“疑问词+一般疑问句”。其回答应当是具体的。特殊疑问句句末一般用降调。&例如:How do I get there?&&&&&&&&&&&&&Why not?&&&&&&&&&&&&&What about the sports news? 常用疑问词可先分为3种:疑问代词:what(什么)who(谁,作主语)which(哪个,在一定范围内选择)whose(谁的,指附属关系)whom(谁,作宾语)疑问副词:when(何时,询问时间)where(何地,询问地点)why(为什么,询问原因)how(如何,询问手段,方式,工具以及程度)疑问形容词:what(which,whose)+名词例词:what time(什么时候) what colour(什么颜色)... ...how much(多少) how long(多长)... 特殊疑问句的特点:一、 特殊的疑问词: 特殊疑问句要由疑问代词或疑问副词开头,询问的内容不同, 使用的疑问词也不同。我们学过的疑问词有what(询问事物), how much(询问价格), what time (询问时间,尤其是点钟), what kind of(询问种类), why(询问原因),who(询问人), where(询问地点) 等等。如: —What is this? 这是什么? —It's a key. 这是一把钥匙。 —How much is it? 这个多少钱? —It's twenty dollars. 二十美元。 —What kind of movies do you like? 你喜欢哪一类型的电影? —I like action movies. 我喜欢动作片。 二、特殊的语序:特殊疑问句由疑问词开头,其构成是“疑问词 + 一般疑问句”。如: What time is it? 现在几点钟? Who is your teacher? 谁是你的老师?特殊疑问句有两种语序:1.如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述句的语序:Who is singing in the room﹖whose bike is broken﹖2.如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语)What does she like?What class are you in﹖Where are you from﹖What time does he get up every morning﹖How do you know﹖&三、特殊的答语:特殊疑问句不能用yes, no来回答,而应根据它所询问的内容直接做出回答才行。如: — What time is it, please? 请问几点了? — It's 7:30. 七点半了。 — Where are they? 他们在哪儿? —They're in the playground. 他们在操场上。 —What's your favorite subject? 你最喜爱的科目是什么? —English. 英语。 四、 特殊的语调: 一般情况下,特殊疑问句要用降调(↘)来读。如: Who's ↘that? How old is↘Jack?反义疑问句:表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。 反意疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。1. 陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式可记为前肯后否。&2. 陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式可记为前否后肯。 例如:This pencil is red, isn’t it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& This pencil isn’t red, is it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. 速记:前肯后否,前否后肯,前be后be,前无be后加助,时态一致。反意疑问句的回答:前肯后否,前否后肯,根据事实从后往前翻译。如:(1)They work hard,don’t they?他们努力工作,不是吗?Yes, they do.对,他们工作努力。/No, they don't.不,他们工作不努力(2)They don’t work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作,是吗?Yes, they do. 不,他们工作努力。/No, they don't. 是的, 他们工作不努力否定反义疑问句的回答当陈述部分为肯定式,反义疑问句为否定式时,其回答一般不会造成困难,一般只需照情况回答即可:"It’s new, isn’t it?" "Yes, it is." “是新的,不是吗?”“是,是新的。”"He wants to go, doesn’t he?" "No, he doesn’t." “他想去,不是吗?”“不,他不想去。”此时,"Yes"即是,对前面"It's new."的肯定。回答反义疑问句的原则回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定,如有人问你You are asleep, aren’t you? 你应回答No, I’m not. 因为既然你能回答,肯定你还没有asleep。但如果别人问你 You aren’t asleep, are you?(你还没有睡着,对吗),你也只能回答No, I’m not.(是的,还没有睡着),而不能回答为Yes, I’m not. 也不能回答成 Yes, I am.“It is a beautiful flower,isn't it?” “It isn't a beautiful flower,is it?”上述两句句子的回答肯定均为“Yes,it is."否定为“No,it isn't."由上述例子可知,反义疑问句回答与句子本身所包含的中文肯定与否的含义并无太大关联,只需注意事实,肯定即用yes,否定用no,无需考虑句子原本是前否后肯或是前肯后否。口诀:反意疑问并不难,陈述疑问句中含。前后肯否恰相反,否定词缀不能算。主谓时态要一致,特殊情况记心田。实际情况来回答,再把yes和no拣。综上所述,反义疑问句回答就是按实际情况回答。对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。例:—He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球,不是吗?—Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的。/ 不是。—His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗?—Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不,她参加了。/ 是的,她没参加。快速记忆表:陈述部分的谓语&& 疑问部分I/主语&& aren't I / are Ino,nothing,nobody,never,few, seldom, hardly,rarely, little等否定含义的词&& 肯定含义含有un-,in-.dis-,im-等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时,视为肯定含义&& 否定含义ought to(肯定的)&& shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语have to+v.(had to+v.)&& don't +主语(didn't +主语)used to+v.&& didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语had better + v.&& hadn't youwould rather + v.&& wouldn't +主语you'd like to + v.&& wouldn't +主语must&& 根据实际情况而定感叹句&& be +主语指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this&& 主语用it并列复合句&& 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定定语从句,宾语从句主从复合句&& 根据主句的谓语而定think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导&& 与宾语从句相对应的从句everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one&& 复数they, 单数he情态动词dare或need&& need/needn't (dare/daren't ) +主语dare, need 为实义动词&& do/don't +主语省去主语的祈使句&& will/won't you?Let's 开头的祈使句&& Shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句&& Will you?there be&& 相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词)否定前缀不能视为否定词&& 仍用否定形式.反意疑问句19条:1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I.I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。I wish to have a word with you, may I?3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。He must be a doctor, isn't he?You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?11) 感叹句中,疑问部分用用否定的助动词加sb/sth?如:1)What a fine day it is today!What a fine day it is today,isn“t it?2)How fast he runs!How fast he runs,doesn”t he?3)What a long time we have been waiting!What a long time we have been waiting ,haven“t we?12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。Everything is ready, isn't it?14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。I don't think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, can't she?15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you?当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。Don't do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / won't you ?注意: Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you?Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?There will not be any trouble, will there?19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。It is impossible, isn't it?He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?有些动词如:cost hurt hit put 等,它们的过去时与原型相同,在肯定句中一定要先弄清楚它们是什么时态.英语18种特殊的反意疑问句: 1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句,用will you 多表 示“请求”,用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如:   &Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板,好吗?    Let 引导的祈使句有两种情况:    1) Let's...后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如:    Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧,好吗?   &还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。    2) Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如:   &Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试,行吗?    2. 感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。 例如:    What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊,是吧?   &3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to,且这些词被用作实义动词时,其反意疑问 句需用do的适当形式。例如:    He needs help, doesn't he? 他需要帮助,是吗?   &4. 陈述部分主、谓语是I am...时,反意疑问句用aren't I 或am't I ,而不是am not I (可 用a m I not)。例如:    I'm working now, am't I? 我在工作,是吗?    5. 陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something 时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。例如:   &Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it? 我的收音机出毛病了,是吧?    6. 陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 时, 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。 例如:    Everyone is here, aren't they? 大家都到了,是吗?    No one knows about it, do they? 没有人知道这件事,对吗?    7. 陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句的主语用it,当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时,其反意疑问句的主语用they。 例如:    This is a plane, isn't it? 这是一架飞机,是吗?    These are grapes,aren't they? 这些是葡萄,是吗?    8. 陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时,反意疑问句的主语可以用one,也可用you(美式英语用he)。例如:    One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one? 每个人都应该乐于助人,是吧?    9. 当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时:few, little, seldom,hardly, never, not,& no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。 例如:   &He is never late for school, is he? 他上学从不迟到,是吗?    10. 当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,其后的反意疑问句依然用否定结构。例如:    && It is unfair, isn't it? 这不公平,是吧?    11.含有否定含义的词在陈述部分作动词的宾语时,其反意疑问句用肯定结构,也可以用否定结构。例如:    You got nothing from him, did you? 你从他那儿什么也没得到,是吗?    12. 当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it。& 例如:    What you need is more important, isn't it?你需要的东西更重要,是吧?    13. 当陈述部分含I think (believe, suppose...)that... 结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致,注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。例如:    I don't think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来,对吗?    14.have(has)不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中做谓语时,其反意疑问句的助动词要用do, does, did。例如:    They had a meeting just now,didn't they? 他们刚才开了个会,是吗?    15. 陈述部分有have to 时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。例如:    You have to water the vegetables every day, don't you?你每天都要浇菜,对吧?    16. 陈述部分是there be句型时,其反意疑问句中要用there。例如:    There was a hospital here, wasn't there? 过去这儿有家医院,是吗?    17. 陈述部分有had better时,反意疑问句中要用hadn't。&例如:    We had better go to school at once, hadn't we? 我们现在最好马上去上学,好吗? 18. 当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,我们便要分析一下must的含义。如果must 作“一定;要;必须”讲,反意疑问句须用mustn't或needn't;而当must作推测意义“一定 是;必定”讲时,反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式。例如:   &He must work hard at physics, mustn't he? 他必须努力学物理,是吧?    Tom must be at home,isn't he? 汤姆一定在家,是吧?直接引语和间接引语:引用别人的话有两种方式,一种是讲述别人的原话,并把它放在引号里,这叫直接引语;另一种是用自己的话来转述别人,并且不能用引号,这就是间接引语。直接引语和间接引语之间可以互相转换。直接引语和间接引语关系:直接引语:直接引述别人的话(句子中有“”)。 间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,叫“间接引语”(句子中一般无“”)&间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时,要注意以下几点:人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。1.直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that 引导。例如:She said, "I am very happy to help you."→She said that she was very happy to help you.2. 直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句,变成间接引语时,由连词whether或if 引导。例如:He asked me, "Do you like playing football?"→He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.注意:大多数情况下,if和whether 可以互换,但后有or not,或在动词不定式前,或放在介词后作连接词时,一般只用whether。例如:She asked me whether he could do it or not.He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如:My sister asked me, "How do you like the film?"→My sister asked me how I liked the film.4. 直接引语是祈使句,变成间接引语时,把动词原形变成动词不定式,并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order 等的宾语。例如:The captain ordered, "Be quiet."→The captain ordered us to be quiet.注意:此种情况的否定句,在动词不定式前加not。My teacher asked me, "Don't laugh."→My teacher asked me not to laugh.&一些注意事项:(1)如果直接引语是表示客观真理时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.(2)如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语,变为间接引语时,一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如:He said to me, "I was born in 1973."→He told me that he was born in 1973.
(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效,变为间接宾语时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:He said, "I'm a boy, not a girl."→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.
(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作,在变为间接引时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.
(5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时则不变。如:He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时,这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如:The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation." →The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."→He said that he could swim when he was only six. &(7)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如:He asked Lucy, "Where did you go?"→He asked Lucy where she went.Tom said, "What do you want, Ann?"→Tom asked Ann what she wanted.直接引语变间接引语:A.一般不表示请求或祈使的句子改为一个宾语从句 1.连词 若直接引语引号里的内容是陈述句,那么改为间接时,要用连词 that (可以省略) ……………….一般疑问句,…….,要用连词 if/whether (不可以省略) ……………….特殊疑问句,…….,要用连词 wh- 即特殊疑问词本身(不可省) 2.变化 (1)主句动词的变化 一般说来,主句谓语动词常为said或said to,变为间接引语时,当直接引语是陈述句时,said不变。当直接引语是一般疑问句和特殊疑问句时,则要把said或said to变为asked / asked sb. (2)从句人称的变化 由直接引语变间接引语时,从句的主语人称要遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。①直接引语的主语是第一人称变为间接引语时要和主句的主语保持一致。②如果直接引语的主语是第二人称变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语保持一致。③如果直接引语的主语是第三人称变为间接引语时,人称不变。例如: ①They said, “We will go there by bus.” →They said they would go there by bus. ②She said to me, “Are you interested in science?” →She asked me if I was interested in science. ③His mother said to me, “He can't go to school.” →His mother told me that he couldn't go to school. (3)、从句动词时态的变化 a. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时,从句的时态则应是与主句时态相应的过去时态。①一般现在时→一般过去时;②一般过去时→过去完成时;③现在进行时→过去进行时;④现在完成时→过去完成时;⑤过去完成时→过去完成时(不变);⑥一般将来时→过去将来时。例如: The girl said, “I'm sorry for being late for class.” →The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class. b. 直接引语变为间接引语时,如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时,则间接引语从句的时态保持不变。例如:He says, “I have finished my homework.” →He says that he has finished his homework. She will say, “I'll do it tomorrow.” →She will say that she'll do it the next day. c. 直接引语如果是客观事实或真理,变为间接引语时,从句时态不变。例如: The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.” →The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun. (4)、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时,指示代词的变化为this→that, these→those等;时间状语的变化为now→then, today→that day, yesterday→the day before, tomorrow→the next day等;地点状语的变化为here→there;动词的变化为come→go(go 不要变come)。例如: 1. She said, “I will come this evening.” →She said that she would go that evening. 2. He said, “My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now.” →He said that his sister had been there three days before, but she was not there then. B.表示请求或祈使的句子改为句型tell/ask/order sb (not) to do sth 当直接引语引号里的内容表示要求时用tell sb (not) to do sth 当直接引语引号里的内容表示请求时用ask sb (not) to do sth 当直接引语引号里的内容表示强制要求时用order sb (not) to do sth
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